PostgreSQL 7.4 Documentation
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# Index

## Symbols

$, Positional Parameters
$libdir, Dynamic Loading
*, Select-List Items
.pgpass, The Password File

## A

ABORT, ABORT
aggregate function, Aggregate Functions
  built-in, Aggregate Functions
  invocation, Aggregate Expressions
  user-defined, User-Defined Aggregates
alias
  for table name in query, Joins Between Tables
  in the FROM clause, Table and Column Aliases
  in the select list, Column Labels
ALL, Subquery Expressions, Row and Array Comparisons
ALTER AGGREGATE, ALTER AGGREGATE
ALTER CONVERSION, ALTER CONVERSION
ALTER DATABASE, ALTER DATABASE
ALTER DOMAIN, ALTER DOMAIN
ALTER FUNCTION, ALTER FUNCTION
ALTER GROUP, ALTER GROUP
ALTER LANGUAGE, ALTER LANGUAGE
ALTER OPERATOR CLASS, ALTER OPERATOR CLASS
ALTER SCHEMA, ALTER SCHEMA
ALTER SEQUENCE, ALTER SEQUENCE
ALTER TABLE, ALTER TABLE
ALTER TRIGGER, ALTER TRIGGER
ALTER USER, User Attributes, ALTER USER
ANALYZE, Updating planner statistics, ANALYZE
AND (operator), Logical Operators
any, Pseudo-Types, Subquery Expressions, Row and Array Comparisons
anyarray, Pseudo-Types
anyelement, Pseudo-Types
array, Arrays
  constant, Array Value Input
  constructor, Array Constructors
  determination of result type, UNION, CASE, and ARRAY Constructs
  of user-defined type, User-Defined Types
auto-increment
  see serial
autocommit, Disable Autocommit
average, Aggregate Functions, Aggregate Functions

## B

B-tree
  see index
backup, Backup and Restore
base type, The PostgreSQL Type System
BEGIN, BEGIN
between, Comparison Operators
bigint, Numeric Constants, Integer Types
bigserial, Serial Types
binary data, Binary Data Types
  functions, Binary String Functions and Operators
binary string
  concatenation, Binary String Functions and Operators
  length, Binary String Functions and Operators
bison, Requirements
bit string
  constant, Bit-String Constants
  data type, Bit String Types
BLOB
  see large object
Boolean
  data type, Boolean Type
  operators
    see operators, logical
booting
  starting the server during, Starting the Database Server
box (data type), Boxes
BSD/OS
  IPC configuration, Shared Memory and Semaphores
  shared library, Compiling and Linking Dynamically-Loaded Functions
bytea, Binary Data Types
  in JDBC, Storing Binary Data
  in libpq, Escaping Binary Strings for Inclusion in SQL Commands

## C

C, libpq - C Library, ECPG - Embedded SQL in C
canceling
  SQL command, Asynchronous Command Processing
CASCADE
  with DROP, Dependency Tracking
  foreign key action, Foreign Keys
CASE, Conditional Expressions
  determination of result type, UNION, CASE, and ARRAY Constructs
case sensitivity
  of SQL commands, Identifiers and Key Words
char, Character Types
character, Character Types
character set, Locale and Formatting, Character Set Support
character string
  concatenation, String Functions and Operators
  constant, String Constants
  data types, Character Types
  length, String Functions and Operators
character varying, Character Types
check constraint, Check Constraints
checkpoint, WAL Configuration, CHECKPOINT
cid, Object Identifier Types
cidr, cidr
circle, Circles
class path, Setting up the Class Path
CLASSPATH, Setting up the Class Path
client authentication, Client Authentication
  timeout during, Security and Authentication
CLOSE, CLOSE
CLUSTER, CLUSTER
  of databases
    see database cluster
clusterdb, clusterdb
cmax, System Columns
cmin, System Columns
COALESCE, COALESCE
column, Concepts, Table Basics
  adding, Adding a Column
  removing, Removing a Column
  renaming, Renaming a Column
  system column, System Columns
column reference, Column References
col_description, Miscellaneous Functions
COMMENT, COMMENT
  about database objects, Miscellaneous Functions
  in SQL, Comments
COMMIT, COMMIT
comparison
  of rows, Row-wise Comparison
  operators, Comparison Operators
compiling
  libpq applications, Building libpq Programs
composite type, The PostgreSQL Type System
concurrency, Concurrency Control
conditional expression, Conditional Expressions
configuration
  of the server, Run-time Configuration
  of the server
    functions, Miscellaneous Functions
configure, Installation Procedure
conjunction, Logical Operators
connection pool
  in JDBC, Connection Pools and Data Sources
constant, Constants
constraint, Constraints
  adding, Adding a Constraint
  check, Check Constraints
  foreign key, Foreign Keys
  name, Check Constraints
  NOT NULL, Not-Null Constraints
  primary key, Primary Keys
  removing, Removing a Constraint
  unique, Unique Constraints
COPY, Populating a Table With Rows, COPY
  with libpq, Functions Associated with the COPY Command
count, Aggregate Functions
CREATE AGGREGATE, CREATE AGGREGATE
CREATE CAST, CREATE CAST
CREATE CONSTRAINT, CREATE CONSTRAINT TRIGGER
CREATE CONVERSION, CREATE CONVERSION
CREATE DATABASE, Creating a Database, CREATE DATABASE
CREATE DOMAIN, CREATE DOMAIN
CREATE FUNCTION, CREATE FUNCTION
CREATE GROUP, CREATE GROUP
CREATE INDEX, CREATE INDEX
CREATE LANGUAGE, CREATE LANGUAGE
CREATE OPERATOR, CREATE OPERATOR
CREATE OPERATOR CLASS, CREATE OPERATOR CLASS
CREATE RULE, CREATE RULE
CREATE SCHEMA, CREATE SCHEMA
CREATE SEQUENCE, CREATE SEQUENCE
CREATE TABLE, Creating a New Table, CREATE TABLE
CREATE TABLE AS, CREATE TABLE AS
CREATE TRIGGER, CREATE TRIGGER
CREATE TYPE, CREATE TYPE
CREATE USER, Database Users, CREATE USER
CREATE VIEW, CREATE VIEW
createdb, Creating a Database, Creating a Database, createdb
createlang, createlang
createuser, Database Users, createuser
cross join, Joined Tables
crypt, Password authentication
  thread safety, Behavior in Threaded Programs
cstring, Pseudo-Types
ctid, System Columns, View Rules in Non-SELECT Statements
currval, Sequence-Manipulation Functions
cursor
  in PL/pgSQL, Cursors

## D

data area
  see database cluster
data type, Data Types
  base, The PostgreSQL Type System
  category, Overview
  composite, The PostgreSQL Type System
  constant, Constants of Other Types
  conversion, Type Conversion
  internal organisation, Base Types in C-Language Functions
  numeric, Numeric Types
  type cast, Type Casts
  user-defined, User-Defined Types
database, Managing Databases
  creating, Creating a Database
  privilege to create, User Attributes
database activity
  monitoring, Monitoring Database Activity
database cluster, Concepts, Creating a Database Cluster
DataSource, Connection Pools and Data Sources
date, Date/Time Types, Dates
  constants, Special Values
  current, Current Date/Time
  output format, Date/Time Output
    see also formatting
date style, Locale and Formatting
DBI, Database Access from PL/Perl
deadlock, Deadlocks
  timeout during, Lock Management
DEALLOCATE, DEALLOCATE
decimal
  see numeric
DECLARE, DECLARE
default value, Default Values
  changing, Changing the Default
DELETE, Deletions, Deleting Data, DELETE
deleting, Deleting Data
Digital UNIX
  see Tru64 UNIX
dirty read, Transaction Isolation
disjunction, Logical Operators
disk drive, Internals
disk space, Recovering disk space
disk usage, Determining Disk Usage
DISTINCT, Querying a Table, DISTINCT
double precision, Floating-Point Types
DROP AGGREGATE, DROP AGGREGATE
DROP CAST, DROP CAST
DROP CONVERSION, DROP CONVERSION
DROP DATABASE, Destroying a Database, DROP DATABASE
DROP DOMAIN, DROP DOMAIN
DROP FUNCTION, DROP FUNCTION
DROP GROUP, DROP GROUP
DROP INDEX, DROP INDEX
DROP LANGUAGE, DROP LANGUAGE
DROP OPERATOR, DROP OPERATOR
DROP OPERATOR CLASS, DROP OPERATOR CLASS
DROP RULE, DROP RULE
DROP SCHEMA, DROP SCHEMA
DROP SEQUENCE, DROP SEQUENCE
DROP TABLE, Creating a New Table, DROP TABLE
DROP TRIGGER, DROP TRIGGER
DROP TYPE, DROP TYPE
DROP USER, Database Users, DROP USER
DROP VIEW, DROP VIEW
dropdb, Destroying a Database, dropdb
droplang, droplang
dropuser, Database Users, dropuser
duplicate, Querying a Table
duplicates, DISTINCT
dynamic loading, Other Defaults, Dynamic Loading
dynamic_library_path, Other Defaults, Dynamic Loading

## E

ECPG, ECPG - Embedded SQL in C, ecpg
elog, Reporting Errors Within the Server
  in PL/Python, Database Access
  in PL/Perl, Database Access from PL/Perl
  in PL/Tcl, Database Access from PL/Tcl
embedded SQL
  in C, ECPG - Embedded SQL in C
END, END
environment variable, Environment Variables
ereport, Reporting Errors Within the Server
error codes
  list of, PostgreSQL Error Codes
error message, Connection Status Functions
escaping strings, Escaping Strings for Inclusion in SQL Commands
EXCEPT, Combining Queries
EXECUTE, EXECUTE
EXISTS, Subquery Expressions
EXPLAIN, Using EXPLAIN, EXPLAIN
expression
  order of evaluation, Expression Evaluation Rules
  syntax, Value Expressions
extending SQL, Extending SQL

## F

false, Boolean Type
FAQ-Liste, Further Information
fast path, The Fast-Path Interface
FETCH, FETCH
field selection, Field Selection
flex, Requirements
float4
  see real
float8
  see double precision
floating point, Floating-Point Types
floating-point
  display, Locale and Formatting
foreign key, Foreign Keys, Foreign Keys
formatting, Data Type Formatting Functions
FreeBSD
  IPC configuration, Shared Memory and Semaphores
  shared library, Compiling and Linking Dynamically-Loaded Functions
  start script, Starting the Database Server
FROM
  missing, Previous PostgreSQL Versions
fsync, Settings, Benefits of WAL
function, Functions and Operators
  in the FROM clause, Table Functions
  internal, Internal Functions
  invocation, Function Calls
  polymorphic, Polymorphic Types
  type resolution in an invocation, Functions
  user-defined, User-Defined Functions
    in C, Query Language (SQL) Functions
    in SQL, Query Language (SQL) Functions

## G

genetic query optimization, Genetic Query Optimizer
GEQO
  see genetic query optimization
get_bit, Binary String Functions and Operators
get_byte, Binary String Functions and Operators
global data
  in PL/Python, PL/Python Functions
  in PL/Tcl, Global Data in PL/Tcl
GRANT, Privileges, GRANT
group, Groups
GROUP BY, Aggregate Functions, The GROUP BY and HAVING Clauses
grouping, The GROUP BY and HAVING Clauses

## H

hash
  see index
has_database_privilege, Miscellaneous Functions
has_function_privilege, Miscellaneous Functions
has_language_privilege, Miscellaneous Functions
has_schema_privilege, Miscellaneous Functions
has_table_privilege, Miscellaneous Functions
HAVING, Aggregate Functions, The GROUP BY and HAVING Clauses
hierarchical database, Concepts
history
  of PostgreSQL, A Brief History of PostgreSQL
host name, Database Connection Control Functions
HP-UX
  IPC configuration, Shared Memory and Semaphores
  shared library, Compiling and Linking Dynamically-Loaded Functions

## I

ident, Ident-based authentication
identifier
  length, Identifiers and Key Words
  syntax of, Identifiers and Key Words
IN, Subquery Expressions, Row and Array Comparisons
index, Indexes
  B-tree, Index Types
  examining usage, Examining Index Usage
  on expressions, Indexes on Expressions
  for user-defined data type, Interfacing Extensions To Indexes
  hash, Index Types
  locks, Locking and Indexes
  multicolumn, Multicolumn Indexes
  partial, Partial Indexes
  R-tree, Index Types
  unique, Unique Indexes
index scan, Planner Method Configuration
inet (data type), inet
information schema, The Information Schema
inheritance, Inheritance, Previous PostgreSQL Versions
initdb, Creating a Database Cluster, initdb
initlocation, Alternative Locations, initlocation
input function, User-Defined Types
  of a data type, User-Defined Types
INSERT, Populating a Table With Rows, Inserting Data, INSERT
inserting, Inserting Data
installation, Installation Instructions
  on Windows, Requirements, Installation on Windows
instr, Porting Examples
int2
  see smallint
int4
  see integer
int8
  see bigint
integer, Numeric Constants, Integer Types
internal, Pseudo-Types
INTERSECT, Combining Queries
interval, Date/Time Types, Intervals
ipcclean, ipcclean
IRIX
  shared library, Compiling and Linking Dynamically-Loaded Functions
IS NULL, Platform and Client Compatibility

## J

Java, JDBC Interface
JDBC, JDBC Interface
JNDI, Data Sources and JNDI
join, Joins Between Tables, Joined Tables
  controlling the order, Controlling the Planner with Explicit JOIN Clauses
  cross, Joined Tables
  left, Joined Tables
  natural, Joined Tables
  outer, Joins Between Tables, Joined Tables
  right, Joined Tables
  self, Joins Between Tables

## K

Kerberos, Kerberos authentication
key word
  list of, SQL Key Words
  syntax of, Identifiers and Key Words

## L

label
  see alias
language_handler, Pseudo-Types
large object
  backup, Caveats
large object
  in pgctl, Overview
large object, Large Objects
  in JDBC, Storing Binary Data
ldconfig, Shared Libraries
left join, Joined Tables
length
  of a binary string
    see binary strings, length
  of a character string
    see character strings, length
libperl, Requirements
libpgtcl, pgtcl - Tcl Binding Library
libpq, libpq - C Library
libpq-fe.h, libpq - C Library, Connection Status Functions
libpq-int.h, Connection Status Functions, Building libpq Programs
libpython, Requirements
LIKE, LIKE
LIMIT, LIMIT and OFFSET
line segment, Line Segments
Linux
  IPC configuration, Shared Memory and Semaphores
  shared library, Compiling and Linking Dynamically-Loaded Functions
  start script, Starting the Database Server
LISTEN, LISTEN
LOAD, LOAD
locale, Creating a Database Cluster, Locale Support
lock, Explicit Locking, Table-Level Locks, LOCK
  monitoring, Viewing Locks
loop
  in PL/pgSQL, Simple Loops
lo_close, Closing a Large Object Descriptor
lo_creat, Creating a Large Object
lo_export, Exporting a Large Object, Server-Side Functions
lo_import, Importing a Large Object, Server-Side Functions
lo_lseek, Seeking on a Large Object
lo_open, Opening an Existing Large Object
lo_read, Reading Data from a Large Object
lo_tell, Obtaining the Seek Position of a Large Object
lo_unlink, Removing a Large Object
lo_write, Writing Data to a Large Object
lseg, Line Segments

## M

MAC address
  see macaddr
macaddr (data type), macaddr
MacOS X
  IPC configuration, Shared Memory and Semaphores
  shared library, Compiling and Linking Dynamically-Loaded Functions
maintenance, Routine Database Maintenance Tasks
make, Requirements
MANPATH, Environment Variables
max, Aggregate Functions
MD5, Password authentication
memory context
  in SPI, Memory Management
min, Aggregate Functions
monitoring
  database activity, Monitoring Database Activity
MOVE, MOVE
MVCC, Introduction

## N

name
  qualified, Creating a Schema
  syntax of, Identifiers and Key Words
  unqualified, The Schema Search Path
natural join, Joined Tables
negation, Logical Operators
NetBSD
  IPC configuration, Shared Memory and Semaphores
  shared library, Compiling and Linking Dynamically-Loaded Functions
  start script, Starting the Database Server
network
  data types, Network Address Types
nextval, Sequence-Manipulation Functions
nonblocking connection, Database Connection Control Functions, Asynchronous Command Processing
nonrepeatable read, Transaction Isolation
NOT (operator), Logical Operators
NOT IN, Subquery Expressions, Row and Array Comparisons
not-null constraint, Not-Null Constraints
notice processing
  in libpq, Notice Processing
notice processor, Notice Processing
notice receiver, Notice Processing
NOTIFY, NOTIFY
  in libpq, Asynchronous Notification
  in pgtcl, Description
null value
  with check constraints, Check Constraints
  comparing, Comparison Operators
  default value, Default Values
  in DISTINCT, DISTINCT
  in libpq, Retrieving Query Result Information
  in PL/Perl, PL/Perl Functions and Arguments
  in PL/Python, PL/Python Functions
  with unique constraints, Unique Constraints
nullif, NULLIF
number
  constant, Numeric Constants
numeric, Numeric Constants
numeric (data type), Arbitrary Precision Numbers

## O

object identifier
  data type, Object Identifier Types
object-oriented database, Concepts
obj_description, Miscellaneous Functions
OFFSET, LIMIT and OFFSET
oid, Object Identifier Types
  column, System Columns
  in libpq, Retrieving Result Information for Other Commands
ONLY, The FROM Clause
opaque, Pseudo-Types
OpenBSD
  IPC configuration, Shared Memory and Semaphores
  shared library, Compiling and Linking Dynamically-Loaded Functions
  start script, Starting the Database Server
OpenSSL, Installation Procedure
  see also SSL
operator, Functions and Operators
  invocation, Operator Invocations
  logical, Logical Operators
  precedence, Lexical Precedence
  syntax, Operators
  type resolution in an invocation, Operators
  user-defined, User-Defined Operators
operator class, Operator Classes, Index Methods and Operator Classes
OR (operator), Logical Operators
Oracle
  porting from PL/SQL to PL/pgSQL, Porting from Oracle PL/SQL
ORDER BY, Querying a Table, Sorting Rows
  and locales, Benefits
ordering operator, System Dependencies on Operator Classes
outer join, Joined Tables
output function
  of a data type, User-Defined Types
output function, User-Defined Types
overlay, String Functions and Operators
overloading
  functions, Function Overloading
  operators, User-Defined Operators
owner, Privileges

## P

palloc, Writing Code
PAM, Installation Procedure, PAM Authentication
parameter
  syntax, Positional Parameters
parenthesis, Value Expressions
password, User Attributes
  authentication, Password authentication
  of the superuser, Creating a Database Cluster
password file, The Password File
PATH, Environment Variables
  for schemas, Statement Behavior
path (data type), Paths
pattern matching, Pattern Matching
Perl, PL/Perl - Perl Procedural Language
permission
  see privilege
pfree, Writing Code
PGCLIENTENCODING, Environment Variables
PGconn, Database Connection Control Functions
PGCONNECT_TIMEOUT, Environment Variables
PGDATA, Creating a Database Cluster
PGDATABASE, Environment Variables
PGDATESTYLE, Environment Variables
PGGEQO, Environment Variables
PGHOST, Environment Variables
PGHOSTADDR, Environment Variables
PGOPTIONS, Environment Variables
PGPASSWORD, Environment Variables
PGPORT, Environment Variables
PGREALM, Environment Variables
PGREQUIRESSL, Environment Variables
PGresult, Main Functions
PGSERVICE, Environment Variables
PGSSLMODE, Environment Variables
pgtcl, pgtcl - Tcl Binding Library
pgtclsh, pgtclsh
pgtksh, pgtksh
PGTZ, Environment Variables
PGUSER, Environment Variables
pg_aggregate, pg_aggregate
pg_am, pg_am
pg_amop, pg_amop
pg_amproc, pg_amproc
pg_attrdef, pg_attrdef
pg_attribute, pg_attribute
pg_cast, pg_cast
pg_class, pg_class
pg_config, pg_config
  with libpq, Building libpq Programs
  with user-defined C functions, Writing Code
pg_conndefaults, pg_conndefaults
pg_connect, pg_connect
pg_constraint, pg_constraint
pg_controldata, pg_controldata
pg_conversion, pg_conversion
pg_conversion_is_visible, Miscellaneous Functions
pg_ctl, Starting the Database Server, pg_ctl
pg_database, Template Databases, pg_database
pg_depend, pg_depend
pg_description, pg_description
pg_disconnect, pg_disconnect
pg_dump, pg_dump
pg_dumpall, pg_dumpall
  use during upgrade, If You Are Upgrading
pg_exec, pg_exec
pg_execute, pg_execute
pg_function_is_visible, Miscellaneous Functions
pg_get_constraintdef, Miscellaneous Functions
pg_get_expr, Miscellaneous Functions
pg_get_indexdef, Miscellaneous Functions
pg_get_ruledef, Miscellaneous Functions
pg_get_triggerdef, Miscellaneous Functions
pg_get_userbyid, Miscellaneous Functions
pg_get_viewdef, Miscellaneous Functions
pg_group, pg_group
pg_hba.conf, The pg_hba.conf file
pg_ident.conf, Ident Maps
pg_index, pg_index
pg_indexes, pg_indexes
pg_inherits, pg_inherits
pg_language, pg_language
pg_largeobject, pg_largeobject
pg_listen, pg_listen
pg_listener, pg_listener
pg_locks, pg_locks
pg_lo_close, pg_lo_close
pg_lo_creat, pg_lo_creat
pg_lo_export, pg_lo_export
pg_lo_import, pg_lo_import
pg_lo_lseek, pg_lo_lseek
pg_lo_open, pg_lo_open
pg_lo_read, pg_lo_read
pg_lo_tell, pg_lo_tell
pg_lo_unlink, pg_lo_unlink
pg_lo_write, pg_lo_write
pg_namespace, pg_namespace
pg_on_connection_loss, pg_on_connection_loss
pg_opclass, pg_opclass
pg_opclass_is_visible, Miscellaneous Functions
pg_operator, pg_operator
pg_operator_is_visible, Miscellaneous Functions
pg_proc, pg_proc
pg_restore, pg_restore
pg_result, pg_result
pg_rewrite, pg_rewrite
pg_rules, pg_rules
pg_select, pg_select
pg_settings, pg_settings
pg_shadow, pg_shadow
pg_statistic, Statistics Used by the Planner, pg_statistic
pg_stats, Statistics Used by the Planner, pg_stats
pg_tables, pg_tables
pg_table_is_visible, Miscellaneous Functions
pg_trigger, pg_trigger
pg_type, pg_type
pg_type_is_visible, Miscellaneous Functions
pg_user, pg_user
pg_views, pg_views
phantom read, Transaction Isolation
PIC, Compiling and Linking Dynamically-Loaded Functions
PID
  determining PID of server process
    in libpq, Connection Status Functions
PL/Perl, PL/Perl - Perl Procedural Language
PL/PerlU, Trusted and Untrusted PL/Perl
PL/pgSQL, PL/pgSQL - SQL Procedural Language
PL/Python, PL/Python - Python Procedural Language
PL/SQL (Oracle)
  porting to PL/pgSQL, Porting from Oracle PL/SQL
PL/Tcl, PL/Tcl - Tcl Procedural Language
point, Points
polygon, Polygons
polymorphic function, Polymorphic Types
polymorphic type, Polymorphic Types
port, Connection Settings, Database Connection Control Functions
POSTGRES, The Berkeley POSTGRES Project
postgres (the program), postgres
postgres user, The PostgreSQL User Account
Postgres95, Postgres95
postgresql.conf, Run-time Configuration
postmaster, Architectural Fundamentals, Starting the Database Server, postmaster
PQbackendPID, Connection Status Functions
PQbinaryTuples, Retrieving Query Result Information
  with COPY, Functions Associated with the COPY Command
PQclear, Main Functions
PQcmdStatus, Retrieving Result Information for Other Commands
PQcmdTuples, Retrieving Result Information for Other Commands
PQconndefaults, Database Connection Control Functions
PQconnectdb, Database Connection Control Functions
PQconnectPoll, Database Connection Control Functions
PQconnectStart, Database Connection Control Functions
PQconsumeInput, Asynchronous Command Processing
PQdb, Connection Status Functions
PQendcopy, Obsolete Functions for COPY
PQerrorMessage, Connection Status Functions
PQescapeBytea, Escaping Binary Strings for Inclusion in SQL Commands
PQescapeString, Escaping Strings for Inclusion in SQL Commands
PQexec, Main Functions
PQexecParams, Main Functions
PQexecPrepared, Main Functions
PQfformat, Retrieving Query Result Information
  with COPY, Functions Associated with the COPY Command
PQfinish, Database Connection Control Functions
PQflush, Asynchronous Command Processing
PQfmod, Retrieving Query Result Information
PQfn, The Fast-Path Interface
PQfname, Retrieving Query Result Information
PQfnumber, Retrieving Query Result Information
PQfreemem, Escaping Binary Strings for Inclusion in SQL Commands
PQfsize, Retrieving Query Result Information
PQftable, Retrieving Query Result Information
PQftablecol, Retrieving Query Result Information
PQftype, Retrieving Query Result Information
PQgetCopyData, Functions for Receiving COPY Data
PQgetisnull, Retrieving Query Result Information
PQgetlength, Retrieving Query Result Information
PQgetline, Obsolete Functions for COPY
PQgetlineAsync, Obsolete Functions for COPY
PQgetResult, Asynchronous Command Processing
PQgetssl, Connection Status Functions
PQgetvalue, Retrieving Query Result Information
PQhost, Connection Status Functions
PQisBusy, Asynchronous Command Processing
PQisnonblocking, Asynchronous Command Processing
PQmakeEmptyPGresult, Main Functions
PQnfields, Retrieving Query Result Information
  with COPY, Functions Associated with the COPY Command
PQnotifies, Asynchronous Notification
PQntuples, Retrieving Query Result Information
PQoidStatus, Retrieving Result Information for Other Commands
PQoidValue, Retrieving Result Information for Other Commands
PQoptions, Connection Status Functions
PQparameterStatus, Connection Status Functions
PQpass, Connection Status Functions
PQport, Connection Status Functions
PQprint, Retrieving Query Result Information
PQprotocolVersion, Connection Status Functions
PQputCopyData, Functions for Sending COPY Data
PQputCopyEnd, Functions for Sending COPY Data
PQputline, Obsolete Functions for COPY
PQputnbytes, Obsolete Functions for COPY
PQrequestCancel, Asynchronous Command Processing
PQreset, Database Connection Control Functions
PQresetPoll, Database Connection Control Functions
PQresetStart, Database Connection Control Functions
PQresStatus, Main Functions
PQresultErrorField, Main Functions
PQresultErrorMessage, Main Functions
PQresultStatus, Main Functions
PQsendQuery, Asynchronous Command Processing
PQsendQueryParams, Asynchronous Command Processing
PQsendQueryPrepared, Asynchronous Command Processing
PQsetdb, Database Connection Control Functions
PQsetdbLogin, Database Connection Control Functions
PQsetErrorVerbosity, Control Functions
PQsetnonblocking, Asynchronous Command Processing
PQsetNoticeProcessor, Notice Processing
PQsetNoticeReceiver, Notice Processing
PQsocket, Connection Status Functions
PQstatus, Connection Status Functions
PQtrace, Control Functions
PQtransactionStatus, Connection Status Functions
PQtty, Connection Status Functions
PQunescapeBytea, Escaping Binary Strings for Inclusion in SQL Commands
PQuntrace, Control Functions
PQuser, Connection Status Functions
preload_libraries, Kernel Resource Usage
PREPARE, PREPARE
PreparedStatement, Issuing a Query and Processing the Result
preparing a query
  in PL/Tcl, Database Access from PL/Tcl
  in PL/pgSQL, Overview
  in PL/Python, Database Access
primary key, Primary Keys
privilege, Privileges, Privileges
  querying, Miscellaneous Functions
  with rules, Rules and Privileges
  for schemas, Schemas and Privileges
  with views, Rules and Privileges
procedural language, Procedural Languages
  handler for, Writing A Procedural Language Handler
ps
  to monitor activity, Standard Unix Tools
psql, Accessing a Database, psql
Python, PL/Python - Python Procedural Language

## Q

qualified name, Creating a Schema
query, Querying a Table, Queries
query plan, Using EXPLAIN
query tree, The Query Tree
quotation marks
  and identifiers, Identifiers and Key Words
  escaping, String Constants
quote_ident, String Functions and Operators
  use in PL/pgSQL, Executing Dynamic Commands
quote_literal, String Functions and Operators
  use in PL/pgSQL, Executing Dynamic Commands

## R

R-tree
  see index
range table, The Query Tree
read-only transaction, Statement Behavior
readline, Requirements
real, Floating-Point Types
record, Pseudo-Types
rectangle, Boxes
referential integrity, Foreign Keys, Foreign Keys
regclass, Object Identifier Types
regoper, Object Identifier Types
regoperator, Object Identifier Types
regproc, Object Identifier Types
regprocedure, Object Identifier Types
regression test, Installation Procedure
regression tests, Regression Tests
regtype, Object Identifier Types
regular expression, SIMILAR TO and SQL99 Regular Expressions, POSIX Regular Expressions
  see also pattern matching
regular expressions, Previous PostgreSQL Versions
reindex, Routine Reindexing, REINDEX
relation, Concepts
relational database, Concepts
RESET, RESET
RESTRICT
  with DROP, Dependency Tracking
  foreign key action, Foreign Keys
ResultSet, Issuing a Query and Processing the Result
REVOKE, Privileges, REVOKE
right join, Joined Tables
ROLLBACK, ROLLBACK
row, Concepts, Table Basics
rule, The Rule System
  and views, Views and the Rule System
  for DELETE, Rules on INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE
  for INSERT, Rules on INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE
  for SELECT, How SELECT Rules Work
  compared with triggers, Rules versus Triggers
  for UPDATE, Rules on INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE

## S

savepoint, Future Benefits
scalar
  see expression
schema, Schemas, Overview
  creating, Creating a Schema
  current, The Schema Search Path, Miscellaneous Functions
  public, The Public Schema
  removing, Creating a Schema
SCO OpenServer
  IPC configuration, Shared Memory and Semaphores
search path, The Schema Search Path
  current, Miscellaneous Functions
search_path, The Schema Search Path, Statement Behavior
SELECT, Querying a Table, Queries, SELECT
  select list, Select Lists
SELECT INTO, SELECT INTO
  in PL/pgSQL, SELECT INTO
semaphores, Shared Memory and Semaphores
sequence, Sequence-Manipulation Functions
  and serial type, Serial Types
sequential scan, Planner Method Configuration
serial, Serial Types
serial4, Serial Types
serial8, Serial Types
server log, Error Reporting and Logging
  log file maintenance, Log File Maintenance
SET, Miscellaneous Functions, SET
SET CONSTRAINTS, SET CONSTRAINTS
set difference, Combining Queries
set intersection, Combining Queries
set operation, Combining Queries
SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION, SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION
SET TRANSACTION, SET TRANSACTION
set union, Combining Queries
SETOF, Query Language (SQL) Functions
setval, Sequence-Manipulation Functions
set_bit, Binary String Functions and Operators
set_byte, Binary String Functions and Operators
shared library, Shared Libraries, Compiling and Linking Dynamically-Loaded Functions
shared memory, Shared Memory and Semaphores
SHMMAX, Shared Memory and Semaphores
SHOW, Miscellaneous Functions, SHOW
shutdown, Shutting Down the Server
SIGHUP, Run-time Configuration, The pg_hba.conf file, Ident Maps
SIGINT, Shutting Down the Server
significant digits, Locale and Formatting
SIGQUIT, Shutting Down the Server
SIGTERM, Shutting Down the Server
SIMILAR TO, SIMILAR TO and SQL99 Regular Expressions
sliced bread
  see TOAST
smallint, Integer Types
Solaris
  IPC configuration, Shared Memory and Semaphores
  shared library, Compiling and Linking Dynamically-Loaded Functions
  start script, Starting the Database Server
SOME, Subquery Expressions, Row and Array Comparisons
sorting, Sorting Rows
SPI, Server Programming Interface
SPI_connect, SPI_connect
SPI_copytuple, SPI_copytuple
SPI_copytupledesc, SPI_copytupledesc
SPI_copytupleintoslot, SPI_copytupleintoslot
SPI_cursor_close, SPI_cursor_close
SPI_cursor_fetch, SPI_cursor_fetch
SPI_cursor_find, SPI_cursor_find
SPI_cursor_move, SPI_cursor_move
SPI_cursor_open, SPI_cursor_open
SPI_exec, SPI_exec
SPI_execp, SPI_execp
SPI_finish, SPI_finish
SPI_fname, SPI_fname
SPI_fnumber, SPI_fnumber
SPI_freeplan, SPI_freeplan
SPI_freetuple, SPI_freetuple
SPI_freetuptable, SPI_freetuptable
SPI_getbinval, SPI_getbinval
SPI_getrelname, SPI_getrelname
SPI_gettype, SPI_gettype
SPI_gettypeid, SPI_gettypeid
SPI_getvalue, SPI_getvalue
spi_lastoid, Database Access from PL/Tcl
SPI_modifytuple, SPI_modifytuple
SPI_palloc, SPI_palloc
SPI_pfree, SPI_pfree
SPI_prepare, SPI_prepare
SPI_repalloc, SPI_repalloc
SPI_saveplan, SPI_saveplan
ssh, Secure TCP/IP Connections with SSH Tunnels
SSL, Security and Authentication, Secure TCP/IP Connections with SSL
  with libpq, Database Connection Control Functions, Connection Status Functions
standard deviation, Aggregate Functions
START TRANSACTION, START TRANSACTION
Statement, Issuing a Query and Processing the Result
statistics, The Statistics Collector
  of the planner, Statistics Used by the Planner, Updating planner statistics
string
  see character string
subquery, Aggregate Functions, Scalar Subqueries, Subqueries, Subquery Expressions
subscript, Subscripts
substring, String Functions and Operators, Binary String Functions and Operators, SIMILAR TO and SQL99 Regular Expressions
sum, Aggregate Functions
superuser, Accessing a Database, User Attributes
syntax
  SQL, SQL Syntax
syslog, Syslog
system catalog
  schema, The System Catalog Schema

## T

table, Concepts, Table Basics
  creating, Table Basics
  modifying, Modifying Tables
  removing, Table Basics
  renaming, Renaming a Table
table expression, Table Expressions
table function, Table Functions
tableoid, System Columns
target list, The Query Tree
Tcl, pgtcl - Tcl Binding Library, PL/Tcl - Tcl Procedural Language
TCP/IP, Starting the Database Server, Connection Settings
template0, Template Databases
template1, Creating a Database, Template Databases
test, Regression Tests
text, Character Types
threads
  with JDBC, Using the Driver in a Multithreaded or a Servlet Environment
  with libpq, Behavior in Threaded Programs
tid, Object Identifier Types
time, Date/Time Types, Times
  constants, Special Values
  current, Current Date/Time
  output format, Date/Time Output
    see also formatting
time span, Date/Time Types
time with time zone, Date/Time Types, Times
time without time zone, Date/Time Types, Times
time zone, Time Zones, Locale and Formatting
  abbreviations, Date/Time Key Words
  Australian, Locale and Formatting
  conversion, AT TIME ZONE
timeout
  client authentication, Security and Authentication
  deadlock, Lock Management
timestamp, Date/Time Types, Time Stamps
timestamp with time zone, Date/Time Types, Time Stamps
timestamp without time zone, Date/Time Types, Time Stamps
TOAST, History
  and user-defined types, User-Defined Types
token, Lexical Structure
to_char, Data Type Formatting Functions
transaction, Transactions
transaction ID
  wraparound, Preventing transaction ID wraparound failures
transaction isolation, Transaction Isolation
transaction isolation level, Transaction Isolation, Statement Behavior
  read committed, Read Committed Isolation Level
  serializable, Serializable Isolation Level
transaction log
  see WAL
trigger, Pseudo-Types, Triggers
  arguments for trigger functions, Overview of Trigger Behavior
  in PL/Perl, Missing Features
  in C, Writing Trigger Functions in C
  in PL/pgSQL, Trigger Procedures
  in PL/Python, Trigger Functions
  in PL/Tcl, Trigger Procedures in PL/Tcl
  compared with rules, Rules versus Triggers
Tru64 UNIX
  shared library, Compiling and Linking Dynamically-Loaded Functions
true, Boolean Type
TRUNCATE, TRUNCATE
trusted
  PL/Perl, Trusted and Untrusted PL/Perl
type
  see data type
  polymorphic, Polymorphic Types
type cast, Numeric Constants, Type Casts

## U

UNION, Combining Queries
  determination of result type, UNION, CASE, and ARRAY Constructs
unique constraint, Unique Constraints
Unix domain socket, Database Connection Control Functions
UnixWare
  IPC configuration, Shared Memory and Semaphores
  shared library, Compiling and Linking Dynamically-Loaded Functions
UNLISTEN, UNLISTEN
unqualified name, The Schema Search Path
UPDATE, Updates, Updating Data, UPDATE
updating, Updating Data
upgrading, If You Are Upgrading, Migration Between Releases
user, Database Users
  current, Miscellaneous Functions

## V

vacuum, Routine Vacuuming, VACUUM
vacuumdb, vacuumdb
value expression, Value Expressions
varchar, Character Types
variance, Aggregate Functions
version, Accessing a Database, Miscellaneous Functions
  compatibility, Migration Between Releases
view, Views
  implementation through rules, Views and the Rule System
  updating, Cooperation with Views
void, Pseudo-Types

## W

WAL, Write-Ahead Logging (WAL)
WHERE, The WHERE Clause

## X

xid, Object Identifier Types
xmax, System Columns
xmin, System Columns

## Y

yacc, Requirements

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