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2.2.6.1 String Methods

These are the string methods which both 8-bit strings and Unicode objects support:

`capitalize`()
  Return a copy of the string with only its first character capitalized.

`center`(width)
  Return centered in a string of length width. Padding is done using spaces.

`count`(sub[, start[, end]])
  Return the number of occurrences of substring sub in string S`[start:end]`. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.

`decode`([encoding[, errors]])
  Decodes the string using the codec registered for encoding. encoding defaults to the default string encoding. errors may be given to set a different error handling scheme. The default is `'strict'`, meaning that encoding errors raise `ValueError`. Other possible values are `'ignore'` and `replace'`. New in version 2.2.

`encode`([encoding[,errors]])
  Return an encoded version of the string. Default encoding is the current default string encoding. errors may be given to set a different error handling scheme. The default for errors is `'strict'`, meaning that encoding errors raise a `ValueError`. Other possible values are `'ignore'` and `'replace'`. New in version 2.0.

`endswith`(suffix[, start[, end]])
  Return true if the string ends with the specified suffix, otherwise return false. With optional start, test beginning at that position. With optional end, stop comparing at that position.

`expandtabs`([tabsize])
  Return a copy of the string where all tab characters are expanded using spaces. If tabsize is not given, a tab size of `8` characters is assumed.

`find`(sub[, start[, end]])
  Return the lowest index in the string where substring sub is found, such that sub is contained in the range [start, end). Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation. Return `-1` if sub is not found.

`index`(sub[, start[, end]])
  Like `find()`, but raise `ValueError` when the substring is not found.

`isalnum`()
  Return true if all characters in the string are alphanumeric and there is at least one character, false otherwise.

`isalpha`()
  Return true if all characters in the string are alphabetic and there is at least one character, false otherwise.

`isdigit`()
  Return true if there are only digit characters, false otherwise.

`islower`()
  Return true if all cased characters in the string are lowercase and there is at least one cased character, false otherwise.

`isspace`()
  Return true if there are only whitespace characters in the string and the string is not empty, false otherwise.

`istitle`()
  Return true if the string is a titlecased string: uppercase characters may only follow uncased characters and lowercase characters only cased ones. Return false otherwise.

`isupper`()
  Return true if all cased characters in the string are uppercase and there is at least one cased character, false otherwise.

`join`(seq)
  Return a string which is the concatenation of the strings in the sequence seq. The separator between elements is the string providing this method.

`ljust`(width)
  Return the string left justified in a string of length width. Padding is done using spaces. The original string is returned if width is less than `len(s)`.

`lower`()
  Return a copy of the string converted to lowercase.

`lstrip`()
  Return a copy of the string with leading whitespace removed.

`replace`(old, new[, maxsplit])
  Return a copy of the string with all occurrences of substring old replaced by new. If the optional argument maxsplit is given, only the first maxsplit occurrences are replaced.

`rfind`(sub [,start [,end]])
  Return the highest index in the string where substring sub is found, such that sub is contained within s[start,end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation. Return `-1` on failure.

`rindex`(sub[, start[, end]])
  Like `rfind()` but raises `ValueError` when the substring sub is not found.

`rjust`(width)
  Return the string right justified in a string of length width. Padding is done using spaces. The original string is returned if width is less than `len(s)`.

`rstrip`()
  Return a copy of the string with trailing whitespace removed.

`split`([sep [,maxsplit]])
  Return a list of the words in the string, using sep as the delimiter string. If maxsplit is given, at most maxsplit splits are done. If sep is not specified or `None`, any whitespace string is a separator.

`splitlines`([keepends])
  Return a list of the lines in the string, breaking at line boundaries. Line breaks are not included in the resulting list unless keepends is given and true.

`startswith`(prefix[, start[, end]])
  Return true if string starts with the prefix, otherwise return false. With optional start, test string beginning at that position. With optional end, stop comparing string at that position.

`strip`()
  Return a copy of the string with leading and trailing whitespace removed.

`swapcase`()
  Return a copy of the string with uppercase characters converted to lowercase and vice versa.

`title`()
  Return a titlecased version of the string: words start with uppercase characters, all remaining cased characters are lowercase.

`translate`(table[, deletechars])
  Return a copy of the string where all characters occurring in the optional argument deletechars are removed, and the remaining characters have been mapped through the given translation table, which must be a string of length 256.

`upper`()
  Return a copy of the string converted to uppercase.