### Apache HTTP Server Version 2.0

# Manual Page: htpasswd

    NAME
         htpasswd - Create and update user authentication files

    SYNOPSIS
         htpasswd [ -c ] [ -m ] passwdfile username
         htpasswd -b [ -c ] [ -m | -d | -p | -s ] passwdfile username
         password
         htpasswd -n [ -m | -d | -s | -p ] username
         htpasswd -nb [ -m | -d | -s | -p ] username password

    DESCRIPTION
         htpasswd is used to create and update the flat-files used to
         store  usernames  and  password  for basic authentication of
         HTTP users.  If htpasswd cannot access a file, such  as  not
         being  able to write to the output file or not being able to
         read the file in order to update it,  it  returns  an  error
         status and makes no changes.

         Resources available from the httpd Apache web server can  be
         restricted  to just the users listed in the files created by
         htpasswd. This program can only manage usernames  and  pass-
         words  stored  in  a  flat-file.  It can encrypt and display
         password information for use in other types of data  stores,
         though.  To use a DBM database see dbmmanage.

         htpasswd encrypts passwords using either a  version  of  MD5
         modified for Apache, or the system's crypt() routine.  Files
         managed by htpasswd may contain  both  types  of  passwords;
         some  user  records  may  have MD5-encrypted passwords while
         others in the same file may have  passwords  encrypted  with
         crypt().

         This manual page only lists the command line arguments.  For
         details  of  the  directives  necessary  to  configure  user
         authentication in httpd see the Apache manual, which is part
         of   the   Apache   distribution   or   can   be   found  at
         <URL:http://www.apache.org/>.

    OPTIONS
         -b   Use batch mode; i.e., get the password from the command
              line  rather  than prompting for it. This option should
              be used  with  extreme  care,  since  the  password  is
              clearly visible on the command line.

         -c   Create the passwdfile. If passwdfile already exists, it
              is rewritten and truncated.  This option cannot be com-
              bined with the -n option.

         -n   Display the results  on  standard  output  rather  than
              updating  a  file.  This is useful for generating pass-
              word records acceptable  to  Apache  for  inclusion  in
              non-text  data  stores.  This option changes the syntax
              of the command  line,  since  the  passwdfile  argument
              (usually  the first one) is omitted.  It cannot be com-
              bined with the -c option.

         -m   Use MD5 encryption for passwords. On Windows  and  TPF,
              this is the default.

         -d   Use crypt() encryption for passwords.  The  default  on
              all platforms but Windows and TPF. Though possibly sup-
              ported by htpasswd on all platforms,  it  is  not  sup-
              ported by the httpd server on Windows and TPF.

         -s   Use SHA encryption for passwords. Facilitates migration
              from/to  Netscape  servers  using  the  LDAP  Directory
              Interchange Format (ldif).

         -p   Use plaintext passwords. Though htpasswd  will  support
              creation  on  all platforms, the httpd daemon will only
              accept plain text passwords on Windows and TPF.

         passwdfile
              Name of the file to contain the user name and password.
              If  -c  is  given,  this file is created if it does not
              already exist, or rewritten and truncated  if  it  does
              exist.

         username
              The username to create  or  update  in  passwdfile.  If
              username  does  not  exist  in  this  file, an entry is
              added. If it does exist, the password is changed.

         password
              The plaintext password to be encrypted  and  stored  in
              the file.  Only used with the -b flag.

    EXIT STATUS
         htpasswd returns a zero status ("true") if the username  and
         password  have  been  successfully  added  or updated in the
         passwdfile.  htpasswd returns 1 if it encounters some  prob-
         lem  accessing  files,  2 if there was a syntax problem with
         the command line, 3 if the  password  was  entered  interac-
         tively  and  the  verification  entry didn't match, 4 if its
         operation was interrupted, 5 if a value is too  long  (user-
         name,  filename,  password, or final computed record), and 6
         if the username contains illegal characters  (see  the  RES-
         TRICTIONS section).

    EXAMPLES
         htpasswd /usr/local/etc/apache/.htpasswd-users jsmith

              Adds or modifies the password for user jsmith. The user
              is prompted for the password.  If executed on a Windows
              system, the password will be encrypted using the  modi-
              fied  Apache  MD5  algorithm;  otherwise,  the system's
              crypt() routine will be used.  If  the  file  does  not
              exist, htpasswd will do nothing except return an error.

         htpasswd -c /home/doe/public_html/.htpasswd jane

              Creates a new file and stores a record in it  for  user
              jane.   The  user is prompted for the password.  If the
              file exists and cannot be read, or cannot  be  written,
              it  is  not altered and htpasswd will display a message
              and return an error status.

         htpasswd -mb /usr/web/.htpasswd-all jones Pwd4Steve

              Encrypts the password from the command line (Pwd4Steve)
              using the MD5 algorithm, and stores it in the specified
              file.

    SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS
         Web password files such as those managed by htpasswd  should
         not  be  within  the Web server's URI space -- that is, they
         should not be fetchable with a browser.

         The use of the -b option is discouraged, since  when  it  is
         used the unencrypted password appears on the command line.

    RESTRICTIONS
         On the Windows and MPE platforms, passwords  encrypted  with
         htpasswd  are  limited  to  no  more  than 255 characters in
         length.  Longer passwords will be truncated to  255  charac-
         ters.

         The MD5 algorithm used by htpasswd is specific to the Apache
         software;  passwords  encrypted  using it will not be usable
         with other Web servers.

         Usernames are limited to 255 bytes and may not  include  the
         character ':'.

    SEE ALSO
         httpd(8) and the scripts in support/SHA1 which come with the
         distribution.

### Apache HTTP Server Version 2.0