# &app; Manual V&manrevision;

2003
Sun Microsystems
2000
Gregory Leblanc
GNOME Documentation Project
&legal; Sun GNOME Documentation Team Sun Microsystems

     gdocteam@sun.com

Gregory Leblanc GNOME Documentation Project

     gleblanc@cu-portland.edu

&app; Manual V&manrevision;
&date;

Sun GNOME Documentation Team gdocteam@sun.com

GNOME Documentation Project

GNOME Calculator Manual V2.2
August 2002

Sun GNOME Documentation Team gdocteam@sun.com

GNOME Documentation Project

GNOME Calculator Manual V2.1
June 2002

Sun GNOME Documentation Team gdocteam@sun.com

GNOME Documentation Project

GNOME Calculator Manual V2.0
March 2002

Sun GNOME Documentation Team gdocteam@sun.com

GNOME Documentation Project

GNOME Calculator Manual
2000

Gregory Leblanc gleblanc@cu-portland.edu

GNOME Documentation Project

This manual describes version &appversion; of &app;.

## Feedback

To report a bug or make a suggestion regarding the &app; application or this manual, follow the directions in the GNOME Feedback Page.

## Introduction

GNOME Calculator is a simple mathematical and scientific calculator that includes arithmetic, trigonometric, and logarithmic functions.

## Getting Started

You can start &app; in the following ways:

Applications menu

  Choose Accessories Calculator .

Command line

  Type `gnome-calculator`, then press Return.

When you start &app;, the &app; window is displayed.

### &app; Window

Shows Calculator window.

## Usage

### To Use Basic Calculator Functions

To perform a basic calculation, use one of the following methods:

- Click on the calculator buttons to enter numbers and mathematical functions.

- Give focus to the &app;, then use the numeric keypad to specify the mathematical calculation you want to perform.

The numbers that you enter and the results of calculations are displayed in the display field. If you enter an incorrect number, click C/CE to delete the number, then reenter the correct number.

To copy the result of a calculation, choose Edit Copy . You can paste the value into another application.

To clear the result of a calculation, perform one of the following actions:

- Click AC to clear the result of a calculation from the memory buffer and from the display field.

- Click C/CE to clear the result of a calculation from the display field.

&app; automatically displays large integer numbers and small decimal numbers as exponential numbers. For example, if you use &app; to multiply 1200000 by 100000, the calculator displays the result as 1.2e+11. This result signifies 1.2 multiplied by 10 to the power of 11. If you enter the number 0.00001, the calculator displays the number as 1e-05, which signifies 1 multiplied by 10 to the power of -5. For information about how to enter a number in exponential format, see .

### To Perform Arithmetic Calculations

To perform arithmetic calculations, use the buttons described in the following table.

Function | Button | Example | Result
--- | --- | --- | ---
Change the sign | +/- | 8, +/- | -8
Reciprocal | 1/x | 4, 1/x | 0.25
Square | x^2 | 3, x^2 | 9
Square root | SQRT | 9, SQRT | 3
Power | x^y | 2, x^y, 4, = | 16
Factorial | x! | 4, x! | 24

### To Calculate Trigonometric Values

To calculate trigonometric values, use the buttons described in the following table.

Function | Button | Example | Result
--- | --- | --- | ---
Sine | sin | 90, sin | 1
Inverse sine | INV and sin | 1, INV, sin | 90
Cosine | cos | 60, cos | 0.5
Inverse cosine | INV and cos | 0.5, INV, cos | 60
Tangent | tan | 45, tan | 1
Inverse tangent | INV and tan | 1, INV, tan | 45

By default, the unit of measurement for angles is DEG (degrees). To change the unit of measurement, click on the DEG button. When you click on DEG, the button and the measurement unit changes to RAD (radians). Click on RAD to change the button and the measurement unit to GRAD (gradients). Click on GRAD to change the measurement unit back to DEG again.

### To Calculate Logarithms

To calculate logarithms, use the buttons described in the following table.

Function | Button | Example | Result
--- | --- | --- | ---
Common logarithm | log | 10, log | 1
Common antilogarithm | INV and log | 1, INV, log | 10
Natural logarithm | ln | 10, ln | 2.302585093
Natural antilogarithm | INV and ln | 2.302585093, INV, ln | 10

### To Enter Exponential Numbers

The EE button represents 10 to the power of the next number that you enter. When you click on EE, the calculator displays e+ in the display field to represent 10 to the power of the next number that you enter. For example, if you enter 5, EE, 2, =, the calculator displays 500.

To enter a number in exponential format, follow the guidelines in the following table.

Number | Enter | Number Displayed
--- | --- | ---
1200000000 | 12, EE, 8, = | 1200000000
-1200000000 | 12, +/-, EE, 8, = | -1200000000
0.00000012 | 12, EE, 8, +/-, = | 1.2e-07
-0.00000012 | 12, +/-, EE, 8, +/-, = | -1.2e-07

### To Use Pi and e Values

&app; provides the following buttons to enable you to include universal constant values in calculations:

- Click on PI to enter the value of Pi.

- Click on e to enter the value of e.

### To Use the Calculator Memory

You can store values in the GNOME Calculator memory. The following table describes the memory functions that are available.

Function | Button
--- | ---
Store the value in the display field in memory. | STO
Display the value in memory in the display field. | RCL
Add the value in the display field to the value in memory. | SUM
Exchange the values in the display field and memory. | EXC

When the memory contains a non-zero value, the calculator displays an m on the left side of the display field. To clear the memory, click AC.

## Technical Information

### Order of Operations

&app; performs calculations in the following order:

1. Calculations enclosed in parentheses.

2. Functions that take a single value, for example +/-, log, x!, or SQRT.

3. x^y

4. *, /

5. +, -

The following examples illustrate the order in which the calculator performs calculations:

- (10 + 20 ) * 6 = 180

- 10 + 20 * 6 = 130

- 2 x^y 3 + 2 = 10

- 2 x^y (3 + 2 ) = 32

### Internal Precision

&app; uses double floating point precision.

### Error Conditions

If you perform an invalid calculation, the calculator displays an e symbol in the display field to indicate an error. For example, if you try to calculate the log of a negative number, the calculator displays the e symbol. To clear the error, click C/CE or AC.