# Hypertext Help with LaTeX
Non-English characters and ligatures

These commands may be used only in paragraph or LR mode.

- `\ae` small ae ligature (diphthong), æ
- `\AE` capital ae ligature, Æ
- `\oe` small oe ligature
- `\OE` capital OE ligature
- `\aa` small a, ring, å
- `\AA` capital A, ring, Å
- `\o` small o, slash, ø
- `\O` capital O, slash, Ø
- `\ss` German sz ligature, ß

## Non-English punctuation

An inverted "question mark" is made by `?``. It will also be generated by a `>` in text mode.

An inverted "exclamation point" is made by `!``. It will also be generated by a `<` in text mode.

Related topics:

- Accents,
- Greek letters
- Miscellaneous symbols

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