PostgreSQL 7.4beta4 Documentation
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# CREATE SEQUENCE

## Name

CREATE SEQUENCE -- define a new sequence generator

## Synopsis

    CREATE [ TEMPORARY | TEMP ] SEQUENCE name [ INCREMENT [ BY ] increment ]
        [ MINVALUE minvalue | NO MINVALUE ] [ MAXVALUE maxvalue | NO MAXVALUE ]
        [ START [ WITH ] start ] [ CACHE cache ] [ [ NO ] CYCLE ]

## Description

`CREATE SEQUENCE` creates a new sequence number generator. This involves creating and initializing a new special single-row table with the name name. The generator will be owned by the user issuing the command.

If a schema name is given then the sequence is created in the specified schema. Otherwise it is created in the current schema. Temporary sequences exist in a special schema, so a schema name may not be given when creating a temporary sequence. The sequence name must be distinct from the name of any other sequence, table, index, or view in the same schema.

After a sequence is created, you use the functions `nextval`, `currval`, and `setval` to operate on the sequence. These functions are documented in Section 9.11.

Although you cannot update a sequence directly, you can use a query like

    SELECT * FROM name;

to examine the parameters and current state of a sequence. In particular, the last_value field of the sequence shows the last value allocated by any session. (Of course, this value may be obsolete by the time it's printed, if other sessions are actively doing `nextval` calls.)

## Parameters

TEMPORARY or TEMP

  If specified, the sequence object is created only for this session, and is automatically dropped on session exit. Existing permanent sequences with the same name are not visible (in this session) while the temporary sequence exists, unless they are referenced with schema-qualified names.

name

  The name (optionally schema-qualified) of the sequence to be created.

increment

  The optional clause INCREMENT BY increment specified, which value is added to the current sequence value to create a new value. A positive value will make an ascending sequence, a negative one a descending sequence. The default value is 1.

minvalue
NO MINVALUE

  The optional clause MINVALUE minvalue determines the minimum value a sequence can generate. If this clause is not supplied or NO MINVALUE is specified, then defaults will be used. The defaults are 1 and -263-1 for ascending and descending sequences, respectively.

maxvalue
NO MAXVALUE

  The optional clause MAXVALUE maxvalue determines the maximum value for the sequence. If this clause is not supplied or NO MAXVALUE is specified, then default values will be used. The defaults are 263-1 and -1 for ascending and descending sequences, respectively.

start

  The optional clause START WITH start allows the sequence to begin anywhere. The default starting value is minvalue for ascending sequences and maxvalue for descending ones.

cache

  The optional clause CACHE cache specifies how many sequence numbers are to be preallocated and stored in memory for faster access. The minimum value is 1 (only one value can be generated at a time, i.e., no cache), and this is also the default.

CYCLE
NO CYCLE

  The CYCLE option allows the sequence to wrap around when the maxvalue or minvalue has been reached by an ascending or descending sequence respectively. If the limit is reached, the next number generated will be the minvalue or maxvalue, respectively.

  If NO CYCLE is specified, any calls to `nextval` after the sequence has reached its maximum value will return an error. If neither CYCLE or NO CYCLE are specified, NO CYCLE is the default.

## Notes

Use `DROP SEQUENCE` to remove a sequence.

Sequences are based on `bigint` arithmetic, so the range cannot exceed the range of an eight-byte integer (-9223372036854775808 to 9223372036854775807). On some older platforms, there may be no compiler support for eight-byte integers, in which case sequences use regular `integer` arithmetic (range -2147483648 to +2147483647).

Unexpected results may be obtained if a cache setting greater than one is used for a sequence object that will be used concurrently by multiple sessions. Each session will allocate and cache successive sequence values during one access to the sequence object and increase the sequence object's last_value accordingly. Then, the next cache-1 uses of `nextval` within that session simply return the preallocated values without touching the sequence object. So, any numbers allocated but not used within a session will be lost when that session ends, resulting in "holes" in the sequence.

Furthermore, although multiple sessions are guaranteed to allocate distinct sequence values, the values may be generated out of sequence when all the sessions are considered. For example, with a cache setting of 10, session A might reserve values 1..10 and return `nextval`=1, then session B might reserve values 11..20 and return `nextval`=11 before session A has generated nextval=2. Thus, with a cache setting of one it is safe to assume that `nextval` values are generated sequentially; with a cache setting greater than one you should only assume that the `nextval` values are all distinct, not that they are generated purely sequentially. Also, last_value will reflect the latest value reserved by any session, whether or not it has yet been returned by `nextval`.

Another consideration is that a `setval` executed on such a sequence will not be noticed by other sessions until they have used up any preallocated values they have cached.

## Examples

Create an ascending sequence called serial, starting at 101:

    CREATE SEQUENCE serial START 101;

Select the next number from this sequence:

    SELECT nextval('serial');

     nextval
    ---------
         114

Use this sequence in an `INSERT` command:

    INSERT INTO distributors VALUES (nextval('serial'), 'nothing');

Update the sequence value after a `COPY FROM`:

    BEGIN;
    COPY distributors FROM 'input_file';
    SELECT setval('serial', max(id)) FROM distributors;
    END;

## Compatibility

`CREATE SEQUENCE` is a PostgreSQL language extension. There is no `CREATE SEQUENCE` statement in the SQL standard.

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