#############################################################################
##
#A  codecstr.gi             GUAVA library                       Reinald Baart
#A                                                         Jasper Cramwinckel
#A                                                            Erik Roijackers
#A                                                                Eric Minkes
#A                                                               David Joyner
##
##  This file contains functions for constructing codes
##
#H  @(#)$Id: codecstr.gi,v 1.6 2003/02/14 02:26:04 gap Exp $
##
Revision.("guava/lib/codecstr_gi") :=
    "@(#)$Id: codecstr.gi,v 1.6 2003/02/14 02:26:04 gap Exp $";

########################################################################
##
#F  AmalgamatedDirectSumCode( <C>, <D>, [, <check> ] )
##
##  Return the amalgamated direct sum code of C en D.
##  
##  This construction is derived from the direct sum construction,
##  but it saves one coordinate over the direct sum.
##  
##  The amalgamated direct sum construction goes as follows:
##
##  Put the generator matrices G and H of C respectively D
##  in standard form as follows:
##     
##     G => [ G' | I ]     and    H => [ I | H' ]
##
##  The generator matrix of the new code then has the following form:
##     
##      [          1 0 ... 0   0 | 0 0 ............ 0 ]
##      [          0 1 ... 0   0 | 0 0 ............ 0 ] 
##      [          .........   . | .................. ] 
##      [   G'     0 0 ... 1   0 | 0 0 ............ 0 ]
##      [                    |---------------|--------]
##      [          0 0 ... 0 | 1 | 0 ... 0 0          ]
##      [--------|-----------|---|                    ]
##      [ 0 0 ............ 0 | 0   1 ... 0 0    H'    ]
##      [ .................. | 0   .........          ]
##      [ 0 0 ............ 0 | 0   0 ... 1 0          ]
##      [ 0 0 ............ 0 | 0   0 ... 0 1          ]
##
##  The codes resulting from [ G' | I ] and [ I | H' ] must
##  be acceptable in the last resp. the first coordinate.
##  Checking whether this is true takes a lot of time, however,
##  and is only performed when the boolean variable check is true.
##

InstallMethod(AmalgamatedDirectSumCode, "method for linear codes, boolean check", 
	true, [IsLinearCode, IsLinearCode, IsBool], 0, 
function(C, D, check) 
	local G, H, Cstandard, Dstandard, NewG, NewH, Nulmat, NewC, i; 

    # check the arguments
    if LeftActingDomain( C ) <> LeftActingDomain( D ) then
        Error( "AmalgamatedDirectSumCode: <C> and <D> must be codes ",
                "over the same field" );
    fi;

	G := ShallowCopy( GeneratorMat( C ) );
	H := ShallowCopy( GeneratorMat( D ) );
	# standard form: G => [ G' | I ]
	PutStandardForm( G, false );
	# standard form: H => [ I | H' ]
	PutStandardForm( H, true );

	# check whether the construction is allowed;
	# this is (at this time) a lot of work
	# maybe it will disappear later
	if check then
		Cstandard := GeneratorMatCode( G, LeftActingDomain( C ) );
		Dstandard := GeneratorMatCode( H, LeftActingDomain( C ) );
		# is the last coordinate of the standardcode C' acceptable ?
		if not IsCoordinateAcceptable( Cstandard, WordLength( Cstandard ) ) then
			Error( "AmalgamatedDirectSumCode: Standard form of <C> is not ",
				   "acceptable in the last coordinate.");
		fi;
		# is the last coordinate of the standardcode D' acceptable ?
		if not IsCoordinateAcceptable( Dstandard, 1 ) then
			Error( "AmalgamatedDirectSumCode: Standard form of <D> is not ",
				   "acceptable in first coordinate.");
		fi;
	fi;

	NewG := G;
	# build upper part of the new generator matrix
	# append n_D - 1 zeroes to all rows of G'
	for i in NewG do
		Append( i, List( [ 1..WordLength( D ) - 1 ], 
				x -> Zero(LeftActingDomain(C) ) ) );
	od;
	# concatenate the last row of G' and the first row of H'
	for i in [ 2 .. WordLength( D ) ] do
		NewG[ Dimension( C ) ][ WordLength( C ) + i - 1 ] :=
		  H[ 1 ][ i ];
	od;
	# throw away the first row of H' (it is already appended)
	NewH := List( [ 2..Length( H ) ], x -> H[ x ] );
	# throw away the first column of H' (it is (1, 0, ..., 0),
	# the one is already present in the new generator matrix)
	NewH := List( [ 1..Length( NewH ) ], x -> List(
				 [ 2 .. WordLength( D ) ], y -> NewH[ x ][ y ] ) );
	# fill the lower left part with zeroes
	Nulmat := List( [ 1 .. Dimension( D ) - 1 ],
					x -> NullVector( WordLength( C ) , LeftActingDomain(C) ) );
	# and put the rest of H' in the lower right corner
	for i in [ 1 .. Length( Nulmat ) ] do
		Append( Nulmat[ i ], NewH[ i ] );
	od;
	# paste the lower and the upper part
	Append( NewG, Nulmat );

	# construct the new code with the new generator matrix
	NewC := GeneratorMatCode( NewG, "amalgamated direct sum code",
								LeftActingDomain( C ) );
	# write history
	NewC!.history := MergeHistories( History( C ), History( D ) );

	# the new covering radius is at most the sum of the
	# two old covering radii, if the old codes are normal
	if HasIsNormalCode( C )
		   and HasIsNormalCode( D )
		   and IsNormalCode( C )
		   and IsNormalCode( D ) then
		if IsBound( C!.boundsCoveringRadius )
			   and IsBound( D!.boundsCoveringRadius ) then
			NewC!.boundsCoveringRadius := [
			  GeneralLowerBoundCoveringRadius( NewC )
			  .. Maximum( C!.boundsCoveringRadius )
				 + Maximum( D!.boundsCoveringRadius ) ];
		fi;
	fi;
	return NewC;
end);

InstallMethod(AmalgamatedDirectSumCode, "two unrestricted codes, boolean check", 
	true, [IsCode, IsCode, IsBool], 0, 
function(C, D, check) 
	local elsC, elsD, i, NewC,
		  newels;

	if LeftActingDomain(C) <> LeftActingDomain(D) then 
		Error("<C> and <D> must be codes over the same field"); 
	elif IsLinearCode(C) and IsLinearCode(D) then 
		# this is much faster, because it only uses 
		# the generator matrices 
		return AmalgamatedDirectSumCode(C, D, check); 
	fi; 

	# check whether the construction is allowed;
	# this is (at this time) a lot of work
	# maybe it will disappear later
	if check then
		# is the last coordinate of C acceptable ?
		if not IsCoordinateAcceptable( C, WordLength( C ) ) then
			Error( "AmalgamatedDirectSumCode: <C> is not ",
				   "acceptable in the last coordinate.");
		fi;
		# is the first coordinate of D acceptable ?
		if not IsCoordinateAcceptable( D, 1 ) then
			Error( "AmalgamatedDirectSumCode: <D> is not ",
				   "acceptable in first coordinate.");
		fi;
	fi;

	# find the elements of the new code
	newels := [];
	for i in AsSSortedList( LeftActingDomain( C ) ) do
		elsC := VectorCodeword( AsSSortedList(
		  CoordinateSubCode( C, WordLength( C ), i ) ) );
		elsD := VectorCodeword( AsSSortedList(
		  CoordinateSubCode( D, 1, i ) ) );
		if Length( elsC ) > 0 and
		   Length( elsD ) > 0 then
			elsD := List( elsD,
			  x -> x{ [ 2 .. WordLength( D ) ] } );
			for i in elsC do
				Append( newels, List( elsD,
				  x -> Concatenation( i, x ) ) );
			od;
		fi;
	od;

	if Length( newels ) = 0 then
		Error( "AmalgamatedDirectSumCode: there are no ",
			   "codewords satisfying the conditions" );
	fi;
	NewC := ElementsCode( newels, "amalgamated direct sum code",
	  LeftActingDomain( C ) );

	# write history
	NewC!.history := MergeHistories( History( C ), History( D ) );

	# the new covering radius is at most the sum of the
	# two old covering radii, if the old codes are normal
	if HasIsNormalCode( C ) 
		   and HasIsNormalCode( D )
		   and IsNormalCode( C )
		   and IsNormalCode( D ) then
		if IsBound( C!.boundsCoveringRadius )
			   and IsBound( D!.boundsCoveringRadius ) then
			NewC!.boundsCoveringRadius := [
			  GeneralLowerBoundCoveringRadius( NewC )
			  .. Maximum( C!.boundsCoveringRadius )
				 + Maximum( C!.boundsCoveringRadius ) ];
		fi;
	fi;
	return NewC;
end);

InstallOtherMethod(AmalgamatedDirectSumCode, "method for two unrestricted codes", 
	true, [IsCode, IsCode], 0, 
function(C, D) 
	return AmalgamatedDirectSumCode(C, D, false); 
end); 


########################################################################
##
#F  BlockwiseDirectSumCode( <C1>, <L1>, <C2>, <L2> )
##
##  Return the blockwise direct sum of C1 and C2 with respect to 
##  the cosets defined by the codewords in L1 and L2.
##
InstallMethod(BlockwiseDirectSumCode, 
	"method for unrestricted codes and lists of codes or of codewords", 
	true, [IsCode, IsList, IsCode, IsList], 0, 
function(C1, L1, C2, L2) 
    
    local k, CosetCodeBlockwiseDirectSumCode,
          SubCodeBlockwiseDirectSumCode, unioncode1, unioncode2, i;

    # check the arguments
    if LeftActingDomain( C1 ) <> LeftActingDomain( C2 ) then
        Error( "BlockwiseDirectSumCode: the fields of <C1> and <C2>",
               "must be the same" );
    fi;
    if Length( L1 ) <> Length( L2 ) then
        Error( "BlockwiseDirectSumCode: <L1> and <L2>",
               "must have equal lengths" );
    fi;
    k := Length( L1 );
    if k = 0 then
        Error( "BlockwiseDirectSumCode: the lists are empty" );
    fi;
    
    CosetCodeBlockwiseDirectSumCode := function( C1, L1, C2, L2 )

        local newels, i, k, subcode1, subcode2, newcode, sum;

        k := Length( L1 );
        # make the elements of the new code
        newels := [];
        for i in [ 1 .. k ] do
            # build subcode 1, using the GUAVA-function CosetCode,
            # which adds the word L1[i] to all codewords of C1
            subcode1 := CosetCode( C1, L1[ i ] );
            subcode2 := CosetCode( C2, L2[ i ] );
            # now build the the direct sum of the two subcodes
            sum := DirectSumCode( subcode1, subcode2 );
            # add the elements of the direct sum-code to
            # the elements we already found
            # in the previous steps
            newels := Union( newels, AsSSortedList( sum ) );
        od;
        # finally build the new code with the computed elements
        newcode := ElementsCode( newels, "blockwise direct sum code",
                           LeftActingDomain( C1 ) );
        # write history
        newcode!.history := MergeHistories( History( C1 ), History( C2 ) );
        return newcode;
    end;

    SubCodeBlockwiseDirectSumCode := function( C1, L1, C2, L2 )

        local unioncode, newels, newcode;

        newels := AsSSortedList( DirectSumCode( L1[ 1 ], L2[ 1 ] ) );
        for i in [ 2 .. Length( L1 ) ] do
            newels := Union( newels, AsSSortedList(
              DirectSumCode( L1[ i ], L2[ i ] ) ) );
        od;
        newcode := ElementsCode( newels, "blockwise direct sum code",
          LeftActingDomain( C1 ) );
        newcode!.history := MergeHistories(
          History( C1 ), History( C2 ) );
        return newcode;
    end;

    if IsCode( L1[ 1 ] ) and IsCode( L2[ 1 ] ) then
        unioncode1 := L1[ 1 ];
        unioncode2 := L2[ 1 ];
        for i in [ 2 .. k ] do

            if not IsCode( L1[ i ] ) or not IsCode( L2[ i ] ) then
                Error( "BlockwiseDirectSumCode: not all elements of ",
                       "the lists are codes" );
            fi;
            unioncode1 := AddedElementsCode( unioncode1,
              AsSSortedList( L1[ i ] ) );
            unioncode2 := AddedElementsCode( unioncode2,
              AsSSortedList( L2[ i ] ) );
            if unioncode1 <> C1 then
                Error( "BlockwiseDirectSumCode: <C1> must be the ",
                       "union of the codes in <L1>" );
            fi;
            if unioncode2 <> C2 then
                Error( "BlockwiseDirectSumCode: <C2> must be the ",
                       "union of the codes in <L2>" );
            fi;
        od;
        return SubCodeBlockwiseDirectSumCode( C1, L1, C2, L2 );
    else
        L1 := Codeword( L1 );
        L2 := Codeword( L2 );
        return CosetCodeBlockwiseDirectSumCode( C1, L1, C2, L2 );
    fi;
end);


########################################################################
##
#F  ExtendedDirectSumCode( <L>, <B>, m )
##
##  The construction as described in the article of Graham and Sloane,
##  section V.
##  ("On the Covering Radius of Codes", R.L. Graham and N.J.A. Sloane,
##    IEEE Information Theory, 1985 pp 385-401)
##

InstallMethod(ExtendedDirectSumCode, "method for linear codes, m", 
	true, [IsLinearCode, IsLinearCode, IsInt], 0, 
function(L, B, m) 
	local m0, GL, GB, NewG, i, j, G, firstzeros, lastzeros, newcode;
    
	# check the arguments
    if WordLength( L ) <> WordLength( B ) then
        Error( "L and B must have the same length" );
    elif m < 1 then
        Error( "m must be a positive integer" );
    fi;

	# if L is a subset of B, then
	# skip the last mth copy of L
	# (it doesn't add anything new to the code )
	if L in B and m > 1 then
		m0 := m - 1;
	else
		m0 := m;
	fi;

	GL := ShallowCopy( GeneratorMat( L ) );
	GB := ShallowCopy( GeneratorMat( B ) );
	# the new generator matrix, fill with zeros first
	NewG := List( [ 1 .. Dimension( L ) * m0 + Dimension( B ) ],
				  x -> NullWord( WordLength( L ) * m ) );
	# first m0 * Dimension(L) rows,
	# form: [ GL 0  ... 0  ]
	#       [ 0  GL ... 0  ]
	#       [ ...........  ]
	#       [ 0  0      GL ] (this row is omitted if L in B)
	for i in [ 1 .. m0 ] do
		# construct rows (i-1)*Dimension(L) till i*Dimension(L)-1
		firstzeros := NullVector( ( i-1 ) * WordLength( L ), 
									LeftActingDomain( L ) );
		lastzeros := NullVector( ( m-i ) * WordLength( L ), 
									LeftActingDomain( L ) );
		for j in [ 1..Dimension( L ) ] do
			NewG[ j + ( i-1 ) * Dimension( L ) ] :=
			  Concatenation( firstzeros, GL[j], lastzeros );
		od;
	od;
	# last row of new generator matrix
	# [ GB GB GB GB ... GB ]
	for i in [ 1..Dimension( B ) ] do
		NewG[ i + m * Dimension( L ) ] :=
		  Concatenation( List( [ 1..m ], x->GB[ i ] ) );
	od;
	newcode := GeneratorMatCode( NewG,
					   Concatenation( String( m ),
							   "-fold extended direct sum code" ),
					   LeftActingDomain( L ) );
	newcode!.history := MergeHistories( History( L ), History( B ) );

	return newcode;
end);

InstallMethod(ExtendedDirectSumCode, "method for unrestricted codes, m", 
	true, [IsCode, IsCode, IsInt], 0, 
function(L, B, m) 
	local SumCode, i, j, el, newcode, lastels;

    if WordLength( L ) <> WordLength( B ) then
		Error( "L and B must have the same length" );
	elif m < 1 then
		Error( "m must be a positive integer" );
	elif IsLinearCode(L) and IsLinearCode( B ) then 
		# this is much faster because it only uses the generator matrices 
		return ExtendedDirectSumCode(L, B, m); 
	fi; 

	SumCode := L;
	for i in [ 2 .. m ] do
		SumCode := DirectSumCode( SumCode, L );
	od;
	lastels := [];
	for i in VectorCodeword( AsSSortedList( B ) ) do
		el := ShallowCopy( i );
		for j in [ 2 .. m ] do
			el := Concatenation( el, i );
		od;
		Append( lastels, el );
	od;
	newcode := AddedElementsCode( SumCode, lastels );
	newcode!.history := MergeHistories( History( L ), History( B ) );
	newcode!.name := Concatenation( String( m ),
	  "-fold extended direct sum code" );

	return newcode;
end);


########################################################################
##
#F  PiecewiseConstantCode( <partition>, <constraints> [, <field> ] )
##

InstallGlobalFunction(PiecewiseConstantCode, 
function ( arg )
    
    local n, partition, constraints, field, i, j, 
          elements, constr, position, newels, addels, 
          ConstantWeightElements, el, sumels;
    
    # check the arguments
    if Length( arg ) < 2 or Length( arg ) > 3 then
        Error( "usage: PiecewiseConstantCode( <partition>, ",
               "<constraints> [, <field> ] )" );
    fi;
    if Length( arg ) = 3 then
        field := arg[ 3 ];
        if not IsField( field ) then
            if not IsInt( field ) then
                Error( "PiecewiseConstantCode: <field> must be a field" );
            else
                field := GF( field );
            fi;
        fi;
    else
        field := GF( 2 );
    fi;
    
    # find out the partition
    partition := arg[ 1 ];
    # allow for an integer as "partition"
    if not IsList( partition ) then
        partition := [ partition ];
    fi;
    for i in partition do
        if not IsInt( i ) then
            Error( "PiecewiseConstantCode: <partition> must be ",
                   "a list of integers" );
        fi;
        if i <= 0 then
            Error( "PiecewiseConstantCode: <partition> must be ",
                   "a list of positive integers" );
        fi;
    od;
    n := Sum( partition );
    
    # check the constraints
    constraints := arg[ 2 ];
    if not IsList( constraints ) then
        constraints := [ constraints ];
    fi;
    for i in [ 1 .. Length( constraints ) ] do
        if not IsList( constraints[ i ] ) then 
            constraints[ i ]:= [ constraints[ i ] ];
        fi;
        if Length( constraints[ i ] ) <> Length( partition ) then
            Error( "PiecewiseConstantCode: the length of constraint ", i,
                   " is not equal to the length of <partition>" );
        fi;
        for j in [ 1 .. Length( constraints[ i ] ) ] do
            if not IsInt( constraints[ i ][ j ] ) then
                Error( "PiecewiseConstantCode: entry ", j,
                       " of constraint ", i,
                       " is not an integer" );
            fi;
            if constraints[ i ][ j ] < 0 
               or constraints[ i ][ j ] > partition[ j ] then
                Error( "PiecewiseConstantCode: entry ", j,
                       " of constraint ", i,
                       " must >= 0 and <= ", partition[ j ] );
            fi;
        od;
    od;
    
    ConstantWeightElements := function( place, weight )
        local els, i, numberofzeros, zerovector;
        if weight = 0 then
            return [ NullVector( n, field ) ];
        fi;
        els := ShallowCopy( VectorCodeword( AsSSortedList( 
                       ConstantWeightSubcode( WholeSpaceCode( 
                               partition[ place ], field ), weight ) ) ) );
        # add zeros to the front
        if place <> 1 then
            numberofzeros := Sum( partition{ [ 1 .. place - 1 ] } );
            zerovector := NullVector( numberofzeros, field );
            for i in [ 1 .. Length( els ) ] do
                els[ i ] := Flat( [ zerovector, els[ i ] ] );
            od;
        fi;
        if place <> Length( partition ) then
            numberofzeros := Sum( partition{ [ place + 1 
                                     .. Length( partition ) ] } );
            zerovector := NullVector( numberofzeros, field );
            for i in [ 1 .. Length( els ) ] do
                els[ i ] := Flat( [ els[ i ], zerovector ] );
            od;
        fi;
        return els;
    end;
    
    # make the new code
    elements := [ ];
    for constr in constraints do
        newels := [ ];
        for i in [ 1 .. Length( partition ) ] do
            addels := ConstantWeightElements( i, constr[ i ] );
            if Length( newels ) > 0 then
                sumels := [ ];
                for el in addels do
                    Append( sumels, List( newels, x -> x + el ) );
                od;
                newels := ShallowCopy( sumels );
            else
                newels := ShallowCopy( addels );
            fi;
        od;
        Append( elements, newels );
    od;
    return ElementsCode( elements, "piecewise constant code", field );
end);


########################################################################
##
#F  GabidulinCode( );
##

##  Use of the Boolean check is an unadvertised feature.  
##  It gives the EnlargedGabidulinCode a back door past the 
##  restriction on m.  Unfortunately, the cleanest way I 
##  could think of to translate it to GAP4 is to have  
##  this as the "official" method and have an Other  
##  method that adds a boolean true to the advertised syntax. 

InstallMethod(GabidulinCode, "method for internal use!", true, 
	[IsInt, IsFFE, IsFFE, IsBool], 0, 
function(m, w1, w2, check) 
    
    local checkmat, nmat, els, i, j, w3,
          fieldels, binels, newels, binnewels, size, one, newcode;
    
    if check <> false and m < 4 then
        Error( "GabidulinCode: <m> must be at least 4" );
    fi;
    
    w3 := w1 + w2;
            
    checkmat := MutableNullMat( 5 * 2^(m-2) - 1, 2 * m - 1, GF( 2 ) );
    
    size := 2^(m-2);
    
    fieldels := SortedGaloisFieldElements( size );
# similar to AsSSortedList( field ) - same in prime field case - but
# returns *all* elements in the form Z(size)^i, rather than 
# simplified to Z(p^d)^j if i divides size-1
    binels := BinaryRepresentation( fieldels, m-2 );
# requires that all elements are in the form Z(size)^i
    one := Z(2)^0;
    
    # make matrix N
    
    for i in [ 1 .. size - 1 ] do
        for j in [ 1 .. m-2 ] do
            checkmat[ i ][ j + 1 ] := binels[ i + 1 ][ j ];
        od;
    od;
    
    # make matrix D
    
    for i in [ 1 .. size ] do
        checkmat[ size - 1 + i ][ 1 ] := one;
        
        for j in [ 1 .. m - 2 ] do
            checkmat[ size - 1 + i ][ j + 1 ] := binels[ i ][ j ];
        od;
        
        newels := ShallowCopy( fieldels );
        for j in [ 2 .. size ] do
            newels[ j ] := w1/fieldels[ j ];
        od;
        binnewels := BinaryRepresentation( newels, m-2 );
        
        for j in [ 1 .. m - 2 ] do
            checkmat[ size - 1 + i ][ j + m - 1 ] := binnewels[ i ][ j ];
        od;
    od;
    
    # make matrix Q
    
    for i in [ 1 .. size ] do
        checkmat[ 2 * size - 1 + i ][ 1 ] := one;
        checkmat[ 2 * size - 1 + i ][ 2 * m - 1 ] := one;
        
        for j in [ 1 .. m - 2 ] do
            checkmat[ 2 * size - 1 + i ][ j + 1 ] := binels[ i ][ j ];
        od;
        
        newels := ShallowCopy( fieldels );
        for j in [ 2 .. size ] do
            newels[ j ] := w2/fieldels[ j ];
        od;
        binnewels := BinaryRepresentation( newels, m-2 );
        
        for j in [ 1 .. m - 2 ] do 
            checkmat[ 2 * size - 1 + i ][ j + m - 1 ] := binnewels[ i ][ j ];
        od;
    od;
    
    # make matrix M
    
    for i in [ 1 .. size ] do
        checkmat[ 3 * size - 1 + i ][ 1 ] := one;
        checkmat[ 3 * size - 1 + i ][ 2 * m - 2 ] := one;
        
        for j in [ 1 .. m - 2 ] do
            checkmat[ 3 * size - 1 + i ][ j + 1 ] := binels[ i ][ j ];
        od;
        
        newels := ShallowCopy( fieldels );
        for j in [ 2 .. size ] do
            newels[ j ] := w3/fieldels[ j ];
        od;
        binnewels := BinaryRepresentation( newels, m-2 );
        
        for j in [ 1 .. m - 2 ] do
            checkmat[ 3 * size - 1 + i ][ j + m - 1 ] := binnewels[ i ][ j ];
        od;
    od;
    
    # make matrix G
    
    for i in [ 1 .. size ] do
        checkmat[ 4 * size - 1 + i ][ 1 ] := one;
        checkmat[ 4 * size - 1 + i ][ 2 * m - 2 ] := one;        
        checkmat[ 4 * size - 1 + i ][ 2 * m - 1 ] := one;    
        
        for j in [ 1 .. m - 2 ] do
            checkmat[ 4 * size - 1 + i ][ m - 1 + j ] := binels[ i ][ j ];
        od;
    od;
    
    checkmat := TransposedMat( checkmat );
    
    newcode := CheckMatCode( checkmat, 
                       Concatenation( "Gabidulin code (m=",String(m),")" ),
                       GF(2) );
    
#    newcode.wordLength := 5 * size - 1;
#    newcode.dimension := 2 * m - 1;
    newcode!.lowerBoundMinimumDistance := 3;
    newcode!.upperBoundMinimumDistance := 3;
    SetMinimumDistance(newcode, 3); 
	newcode!.boundsCoveringRadius := [ 2 ];
    SetCoveringRadius(newcode, 2); 

    return( newcode );    
end);

## This is the advertised syntax, see note above. 
InstallOtherMethod(GabidulinCode, "m, w1, w2", true, 
	[IsInt, IsFFE, IsFFE], 0, 
function(m, w1, w2) 
	return GabidulinCode(m, w1, w2, true); 
end); 


########################################################################
##
#F  EnlargedGabidulinCode( );
##

InstallMethod(EnlargedGabidulinCode, "m, w1, w2, e", true, 
	[IsInt, IsFFE, IsFFE, IsFFE], 0, 
function(m, w1, w2, el) 
    
    local checkmat, nmat, els, i, j, k, w3,
          fieldels, binels, newels, binnewels, 
		  size, one, newcode, bmat, binel;
    
    if m < 4 then
        Error( "EnlargedGabidulinCode: <m> must be at least 4" );
    fi;
    
    w3 := w1 + w2;
            
    checkmat := MutableNullMat( 7 * 2^(m-2) - 2, 2 * m, GF( 2 ) );
    
    size := 2^(m-1);
    
    fieldels := SortedGaloisFieldElements( GF( size ) );
    binels := BinaryRepresentation( fieldels, m-1 );
    
    one := Z(2)^0;
    
    # make matrix Z
    
    bmat := TransposedMat( ShallowCopy( CheckMat( 
                    GabidulinCode( m, w1, w2, false ) ) ) );

    for i in [ 1 .. Length( bmat ) - 1 ] do
        k := i;
        if k > 2^(m-2) - 1 then
            k := k + 1;
        fi;
        for j in [ 1 .. Length( bmat[ 1 ] ) ] do
            checkmat[ i ][ j + 1 ] := bmat[ k ][ j ];
        od;
    od;
    
    # make matrix Y
    
    binel := BinaryRepresentation( el, m );
    
    for i in [ 1 .. size ] do
        checkmat[ Length( bmat ) - 1 + i ][ 1 ] := one;
        for j in [ 1 .. m-1 ] do
            checkmat[ Length( bmat ) - 1 + i ][ j + 1 ] := binels[ i ][ j ];
        od;
        for j in [ 1 .. m ] do
            checkmat[ Length( bmat ) - 1 + i ][ m + j ] := binel[ j ];
        od;
    od;
        
    checkmat := TransposedMat( checkmat );
    newcode := CheckMatCode( checkmat, 
                       Concatenation( "enlarged Gabidulin code (m="
                               ,String(m),")" ),
                       GF(2) );

    newcode!.lowerBoundMinimumDistance := 3;
    newcode!.upperBoundMinimumDistance := 3;
    SetMinimumDistance(newcode, 3); 
	newcode!.boundsCoveringRadius := [ 2 ];
    SetCoveringRadius(newcode, 2); 

    return( newcode );    
end);


########################################################################
##
#F  DavydovCode( );
##

InstallMethod(DavydovCode, "redundancy, v, ei, ej", true, 
	[IsInt, IsInt, IsFFE, IsFFE], 0, 
function(r, v, i, j) 
    
    local checkmat, binel2, fieldels, binels, 
          k, l, field1el, field2el, binel1, newcode;
    
    if r < 4 then
        Error( "DavydovCode: <m> must be at least 5" );
    fi;
    
    # 0 < i < 2^v ??
    # 0 < j < 2^(r-v) ??

    checkmat := MutableNullMat( 2^v + 2^(r-v) - 3, r, GF( 2 ) );
    
    field1el := i;
    binel1 := BinaryRepresentation( field1el, v );
    field2el := j;
    binel2 := BinaryRepresentation( field2el, r - v );

    
    # make matrix K
    
    fieldels := SortedGaloisFieldElements( GF( 2^v ) ); # remove 0
    SubtractSet( fieldels, [ fieldels[ 1 ], i ] );
    binels := BinaryRepresentation( fieldels, v );
    
    
    for k in [ 1 .. 2^v - 2 ] do
        for l in [ 1 .. v ] do
            checkmat[ k ][ l ] := binels[ k ][ l ];
        od;
        for l in [ 1 .. r-v ] do
            checkmat[ k ][ v + l ] := binel2[ l ];
        od;
    od;
    
    # make matrix (column) A
    
    for l in [ 1 .. v ] do
        checkmat[ 2^v - 1 ][ l ] := binel1[ l ];
    od;
    for l in [ 1 .. r-v ] do
        checkmat[ 2^v - 1 ][ v + l ] := binel2[ l ];
    od;
    
    # make matrix S
    
    fieldels := SortedGaloisFieldElements( GF( 2^(r-v) ) );
    SubtractSet( fieldels, [ fieldels[ 1 ], j ] );
    binels := BinaryRepresentation( fieldels, r - v );
    
    for k in [ 1 .. 2^(r-v) - 2 ] do
        for l in [ 1 .. v ] do
            checkmat[ 2^v - 1 + k ][ l ] := binel1[ l ];
        od;
        for l in [ 1 .. r-v ] do
            checkmat[ 2^v - 1 + k ][ v + l ] := binels[ k ][ l ];
        od;
    od;
    
    
    checkmat := TransposedMat( checkmat );
    
    newcode := CheckMatCode( checkmat, 
                       Concatenation( "Davydov code (r=",String(r),
                               ", v=", String(v), ")" ),
                       GF(2) );
    
#    newcode.wordLength := 5 * size - 1;
#    newcode.dimension := newcode.wordLength - (2 * m);
    newcode!.lowerBoundMinimumDistance := 4;
    newcode!.upperBoundMinimumDistance := 4;
    SetMinimumDistance(newcode, 4); 
	newcode!.boundsCoveringRadius := [ 2 ];
    SetCoveringRadius(newcode, 2); 

    return( newcode );    
end);


########################################################################
##
#F  TombakCode( );
##

InstallGlobalFunction(TombakCode, 
function ( arg )
    
    local checkmat, one, m, i, beta, gamma, delta, w1, w2, w3, newcode,
          k, size, fieldels, binels, binel, l, sortlist, sortedlist, 
          newels, binnewels, theta, newsize, betabin, gammbin, gammabin, 
		  deltabin, w1bin, w2bin, w3bin;
    
    m := arg[ 1 ];
    if arg[ Length( arg ) ] <> false and m < 5 then
        Error( "TombakCode: <m> must be at least 5" );
    fi;
    
    beta := arg[ 3 ];
    gamma := arg[ 4 ];
    delta := beta + gamma;
    
    betabin := BinaryRepresentation( beta, m-1 );
    gammabin := BinaryRepresentation( gamma, m-1 );
    deltabin := betabin + gammabin;
    
    w1 := arg[ 5 ];
    w2 := arg[ 6 ];
    w3 := w1 + w2;
    
    w1bin := BinaryRepresentation( w1, m-3 );
    w2bin := BinaryRepresentation( w2, m-3 );
    w3bin := w1bin + w2bin;
    
    i := arg[ 2 ];

    checkmat := MutableNullMat( 15 * 2^(m-3) - 3, 2*m, GF( 2 ) );
    
    one := Z(2)^0;
           
    # make matrix C
    
    size := 2^(m-3);
    
    fieldels := SortedGaloisFieldElements( size );
    binels := BinaryRepresentation( fieldels, m-3 );
    
    binel := betabin;
    
    for k in [ 1 .. size - 1 ] do
        for l in [ 1 .. m - 3 ] do
            checkmat[ k ][ 3 + l ] := binels[ k + 1 ][ l ];
        od;
        for l in [ 1 .. m - 1 ] do
            checkmat[ k ][ m + l ] := binel[ l ];
        od;
        checkmat[ k ][ 2 * m ] := one;
    od;
    
    # make matrix V
    
    binel := gammabin;
    
    for k in [ 1 .. 2^(m-3) ] do
        checkmat[ size - 1 + k ][ 2 ] := one;
        for l in [ 1 .. m - 3 ] do
            checkmat[ size - 1 + k ][ 3 + l ] := binels[ k ][ l ];
        od;
        for l in [ 1 .. m - 1 ] do
            checkmat[ size - 1 + k ][ m + l ] := binel[ l ];
        od;
        checkmat[ size - 1 + k ][ 2 * m ] := one;
    od;
    
    # make matrix X
    
    binel := deltabin;
    
    for k in [ 1 .. size ] do
        checkmat[ 2 * size - 1 + k ][ 2 ] := one;
        checkmat[ 2 * size - 1 + k ][ 3 ] := one;
        for l in [ 1 .. m - 3 ] do
            checkmat[ 2 * size - 1 + k ][ 3 + l ] := binels[ k ][ l ];
        od;
        for l in [ 1 .. m - 1 ] do
            checkmat[ 2 * size - 1 + k ][ m + l ] := binel[ l ];
        od;
    od;
    
    # make sub-matrix Theta
    theta := MutableNullMat( 4*size - 1, 2 * (m-3) + 2, GF( 2 ) );
    
    for k in [ 1 .. size - 1 ] do
        for l in [ 1 .. m-3 ] do
            theta[ k ][ l ] := binels[ k + 1 ][ l ];
        od;
        
        newels := ShallowCopy( fieldels );
        for l in [ 2 .. size ] do 
            newels[ l ] := w1/fieldels[ l ];
        od;
        binnewels := BinaryRepresentation( newels, m-3 );
        
        for l in [ 1 .. m-3 ] do
            theta[ k ][ m-3 + l ] := binnewels[ k + 1 ][ l ];
        od;
    od;
    
    for k in [ 1 .. size ] do
        for l in [ 1 .. m-3 ] do
            theta[ size - 1 + k ][ l ] := binels[ k ][ l ];
        od;
        
        newels := ShallowCopy( fieldels );
        for l in [ 2 .. size ] do
            newels[ l ] := w2/fieldels[ l ];
        od;
        binnewels := BinaryRepresentation( newels, m-3 );
        
        for l in [ 1 .. m-3 ] do
            theta[ size - 1 + k ][ m-3 + l ] := binnewels[ k ][ l ];
        od;
        theta[ size - 1 + k ][ 2*(m-3) + 2 ] := one;
    od;
    
    for k in [ 1 .. size ] do
        for l in [ 1 .. m-3 ] do
            theta[ 2 * size - 1 + k ][ l ] := binels[ k ][ l ];
        od;
        
        newels := ShallowCopy( fieldels );
        for l in [ 2 .. size ] do
            newels[ l ] := w3/fieldels[ l ];
        od;
        binnewels := BinaryRepresentation( newels, m-3 );
        
        for l in [ 1 .. m-3 ] do
            theta[ 2 * size - 1 + k ][ m-3 + l ] := binnewels[ k ][ l ];
        od;
        theta[ 2 * size - 1 + k ][ 2*(m-3) + 1 ] := one;
    od;
    
    for k in [ 1 .. size ] do
        for l in [ 1 .. m-3 ] do
            theta[ 3*size - 1 + k ][ m-3 + l ] := binels[ k ][ l ];
        od;
        
        theta[ 3 * size - 1 + k ][ 2*(m-3) + 1 ] := one;
        theta[ 3 * size - 1 + k ][ 2*(m-3) + 2 ] := one;
    od;
    
    # make matrix Phi
    
    for k in [ 1 .. 4*size - 1 ] do
        checkmat[ 3*size - 1 + k ][ 3 ] := one;
        for l in [ 1 .. 2*m - 4 ] do
            checkmat[ 3*size - 1 + k ][ 3 + l ] := theta[ k ][ l ];
        od;
    od;
    
    # make matrix Lambda
    
    binel := betabin;
    
    for k in [ 1 .. 4*size - 1 ] do
        checkmat[ 7 * size - 2 + k ][ 3 ] := one;
        for l in [ 1 .. m - 3 ] do
            checkmat[ 7 * size - 2 + k ][ 3 + l ] := theta[ k ][ l ];
        od;
        for l in [ 1 .. m - 1 ] do 
			#changed index to m + l from m-1+3+l to keep length correct
            checkmat[ 7 * size - 2 + k ][ m + l ] := 
              theta[ k ][ m-3 + l ] + binel[ l ];
        od;
        checkmat[ 7 * size - 2 + k ][ 2*m ] := one;
    od;
    
    # make matrix Y
    
    newsize := 2^(m-1);
    fieldels := SortedGaloisFieldElements( newsize );
    binels := BinaryRepresentation( fieldels, m-1 );
    
    binel := BinaryRepresentation( i, m );
    
    for k in [ 1 .. newsize ] do
        checkmat[ 11*size - 3 + k ][ 1 ] := one;
        for l in [ 1 .. m-1 ] do
            checkmat[ 11*size - 3 + k ][ 1 + l ] := binels[ k ][ l ];
        od;
        for l in [ 1 .. m ] do
            checkmat[ 11*size - 3 + k ][ m + l ] := binel[ l ];
        od;
    od;
   
    checkmat := TransposedMat( checkmat );
    
    newcode := CheckMatCode( checkmat, 
                       Concatenation( "Tombak code (m=",String(m),")" ),
                       GF(2) );
    
#    newcode.wordLength := 5 * size - 1;
#    newcode.dimension := newcode.wordLength - (2 * m);
    newcode!.lowerBoundMinimumDistance := 4;
    newcode!.upperBoundMinimumDistance := 4;
    SetMinimumDistance(newcode, 4); 
	newcode!.boundsCoveringRadius := [ 2 ];
   	SetCoveringRadius(newcode, 2); 

    return( newcode );    
end);


########################################################################
##
#F  EnlargedTombakCode( );
##

# Must be a GlobalFunctton because GAP doesn't support methods with 7 
# arguments. 
InstallGlobalFunction(EnlargedTombakCode, 
function(m, i, beta, gamma, w1, w2, u) 
    
	local checkmat, fieldels, binels, size, one, 
		  newcode, bmat, binel, k, l; 
    
    if m < 6 then
        Error( "EnlargedTombakCode: <m> must be at least 6" );
    fi;
    
    checkmat := MutableNullMat( 23 * 2^(m-4) - 3, 2 * m - 1, GF( 2 ) );
    
    size := 2^(m-1);
    
    fieldels := SortedGaloisFieldElements( GF( size ) );
    binels := BinaryRepresentation( fieldels, m-1 );
    
    one := Z(2)^0;
    
    # make matrix pi
    
    bmat := TransposedMat( ShallowCopy( CheckMat( 
                    TombakCode( m-1, i, beta, gamma, w1, w2, false ) ) ) );

    for k in [ 1 .. Length( bmat ) ] do
        for l in [ 1 .. Length( bmat[ 1 ] ) ] do
            checkmat[ k ][ l + 1 ] := bmat[ k ][ l ];
        od;
    od;
    
    # make matrix J
    
    binel := BinaryRepresentation( u, m-1 );
    
    for k in [ 1 .. size ] do
        checkmat[ Length( bmat ) + k ][ 1 ] := one;
        for l in [ 1 .. m-1 ] do
            checkmat[ Length( bmat ) + k ][ 1 + l ] := binel[ l ];
        od;
        for l in [ 1 .. m-1 ] do
            checkmat[ Length( bmat ) + k ][ m + l ] := binels[ k ][ l ];
        od;
    od;
        
    checkmat := TransposedMat( checkmat );
    
    newcode := CheckMatCode( checkmat, 
                       Concatenation( "enlarged Tombak code (m="
                               ,String(m),")" ),
                       GF(2) );
    
#    newcode.wordLength := 5 * size - 1;
#    newcode.dimension := newcode.wordLength - (2 * m);
    newcode!.lowerBoundMinimumDistance := 4;
    newcode!.upperBoundMinimumDistance := 4;
    SetMinimumDistance(newcode, 4); 
	newcode!.boundsCoveringRadius := [ 2 ];
    SetCoveringRadius(newcode, 2); 

    return( newcode );    
end);
        
