# Administering Bugzilla

## Bugzilla Configuration

Bugzilla is configured by changing various parameters, accessed from the "Edit parameters" link in the page footer. Here are some of the key parameters on that page. You should run down this list and set them appropriately after installing Bugzilla.

1. `maintainer`:

   The maintainer parameter is the email address of the person responsible for maintaining this Bugzilla installation. The address need not be that of a valid Bugzilla account.

2. `urlbase`:

   This parameter defines the fully qualified domain name and web server path to your Bugzilla installation.

   For example, if your Bugzilla query page is `http://www.foo.com/bugzilla/query.cgi`, set your urlbase to `http://www.foo.com/bugzilla/`.

3. `usebuggroups`:

   This dictates whether or not to implement group-based security for Bugzilla. If set, Bugzilla bugs can have an associated 'group', defining which users are allowed to see and edit the bug.

   Set usebuggroups to on only if you may wish to restrict access to particular bugs to certain groups of users. I suggest leaving this parameter off while initially testing your Bugzilla.

   For more information see .

4. `usebuggroupsentry`:

   Bugzilla Products can have a group associated with them, so that certain users can only see bugs in certain products. When this parameter is set to on, this places all newly-created bugs in the group for their product immediately.

5. `shadowdb`:

   You run into an interesting problem when Bugzilla reaches a high level of continuous activity. MySQL supports only table-level write locking. What this means is that if someone needs to make a change to a bug, they will lock the entire table until the operation is complete. Locking for write also blocks reads until the write is complete. Note that more recent versions of mysql support row level locking using different table types. These types are slower than the standard type, and Bugzilla does not yet take advantage of features such as transactions which would justify this speed decrease. The Bugzilla team are, however, happy to hear about any experiences with row level locking and Bugzilla.

   The shadowdb parameter was designed to get around this limitation. While only a single user is allowed to write to a table at a time, reads can continue unimpeded on a read-only shadow copy of the database. Although your database size will double, a shadow database can cause an enormous performance improvement when implemented on extremely high-traffic Bugzilla databases.

   As a guide, on reasonably old hardware, mozilla.org began needing shadowdb when they reached around 40,000 Bugzilla users with several hundred Bugzilla bug changes and comments per day.

   The value of the parameter defines the name of the shadow bug database. Set "shadowdb" to e.g. "bug_shadowdb" if you will be running a *very* large installation of Bugzilla.

   Enabling "shadowdb" can adversely affect the stability of your installation of Bugzilla. You should regularly check that your database is in sync. It is often advisable to force a shadow database sync nightly via cron.

   If you use the shadowdb option, it is only natural that you should turn the queryagainstshadowdb option on as well. Otherwise you are replicating data into a shadow database for no reason!

6. `shutdownhtml`:

   If you need to shut down Bugzilla to perform administration, enter some descriptive text (with embedded HTML codes, if you'd like) into this box. Anyone who tries to use Bugzilla (including admins) will receive a page displaying this text. Users can neither log in nor log out while shutdownhtml is enabled.

   Although regular log-in capability is disabled while 'shutdownhtml' is enabled, safeguards are in place to protect the unfortunate admin who loses connection to Bugzilla. Should this happen to you, go directly to the `editparams.cgi` (by typing the URL in manually, if necessary). Doing this will prompt you to log in, and your name/password will be accepted here (but nowhere else).

7. `passwordmail`:

   Every time a user creates an account, the text of this parameter (with substitutions) is sent to the new user along with their password message.

   Add any text you wish to the "passwordmail" parameter box. For instance, many people choose to use this box to give a quick training blurb about how to use Bugzilla at your site.

8. `movebugs`:

   This option is an undocumented feature to allow moving bugs between separate Bugzilla installations. You will need to understand the source code in order to use this feature. Please consult `movebugs.pl` in your Bugzilla source tree for further documentation, such as it is.

9. `useqacontact`:

   This allows you to define an email address for each component, in addition to that of the default owner, who will be sent carbon copies of incoming bugs.

10. `usestatuswhiteboard`:

    This defines whether you wish to have a free-form, overwritable field associated with each bug. The advantage of the Status Whiteboard is that it can be deleted or modified with ease, and provides an easily-searchable field for indexing some bugs that have some trait in common.

11. `whinedays`:

    Set this to the number of days you want to let bugs go in the NEW or REOPENED state before notifying people they have untouched new bugs. If you do not plan to use this feature, simply do not set up the whining cron job described in the installation instructions, or set this value to "0" (never whine).

12. `commenton*`:

    All these fields allow you to dictate what changes can pass without comment, and which must have a comment from the person who changed them. Often, administrators will allow users to add themselves to the CC list, accept bugs, or change the Status Whiteboard without adding a comment as to their reasons for the change, yet require that most other changes come with an explanation.

    Set the "commenton" options according to your site policy. It is a wise idea to require comments when users resolve, reassign, or reopen bugs at the very least.

    It is generally far better to require a developer comment when resolving bugs than not. Few things are more annoying to bug database users than having a developer mark a bug "fixed" without any comment as to what the fix was (or even that it was truly fixed!)

13. `supportwatchers`:

    Turning on this option allows users to ask to receive copies of bug mail sent to another user. Watching a user with different group permissions is not a way to 'get around' the system; copied emails are still subject to the normal groupset permissions of a bug, and watchers will only be copied on emails from bugs they would normally be allowed to view.

## User Administration

### Creating the Default User

When you first run checksetup.pl after installing Bugzilla, it will prompt you for the administrative username (email address) and password for this "super user". If for some reason you delete the "super user" account, re-running checksetup.pl will again prompt you for this username and password.

If you wish to add more administrative users, you must use the MySQL interface. Run "mysql" from the command line, and use these commands:

- mysql> `use bugs;`
- mysql>

  `update profiles set groupset=0x7fffffffffffffff where login_name = "(user's login name)";`

Yes, that is fifteen

f

's. A whole lot of f-ing going on if you want to create a new administator.

### Managing Other Users

#### Creating new users

Your users can create their own user accounts by clicking the "New Account" link at the bottom of each page (assuming they aren't logged in as someone else already.) However, should you desire to create user accounts ahead of time, here is how you do it.

1. After logging in, click the "Users" link at the footer of the query page, and then click "Add a new user".

2. Fill out the form presented. This page is self-explanatory. When done, click "Submit".

   Adding a user this way will not

   send an email informing them of their username and password. While useful for creating dummy accounts (watchers which shuttle mail to another system, for instance, or email addresses which are a mailing list), in general it is preferable to log out and use the New Account

   button to create users, as it will pre-populate all the required fields and also notify the user of her account name and password.

#### Modifying Users

To see a specific user, search for their login name in the box provided on the "Edit Users" page. To see all users, leave the box blank.

You can search in different ways the listbox to the right of the text entry box. You can match by case-insensitive substring (the default), regular expression, or a reverse regular expression match, which finds every user name which does NOT match the regular expression. (Please see the `man regexp` manual page for details on regular expression syntax.)

Once you have found your user, you can change the following fields:

- Login Name: This is generally the user's full email address. However, if you have are using the emailsuffix Param, this may just be the user's login name. Note that users can now change their login names themselves (to any valid email address.)

- Real Name: The user's real name. Note that Bugzilla does not require this to create an account.

- Password: You can change the user's password here. Users can automatically request a new password, so you shouldn't need to do this often. If you want to disable an account, see Disable Text below.

- Disable Text: If you type anything in this box, including just a space, the user is prevented from logging in, or making any changes to bugs via the web interface. The HTML you type in this box is presented to the user when they attempt to perform these actions, and should explain why the account was disabled.

  Users with disabled accounts will continue to receive mail from Bugzilla; furthermore, they will not be able to log in themselves to change their own preferences and stop it. If you want an account (disabled or active) to stop receiving mail, add the account name (one account per line) to the file `data/nomail`.

  Even users whose accounts have been disabled can still submit bugs via the e-mail gateway, if one exists. The e-mail gateway should not be enabled for secure installations of Bugzilla.

  Don't disable all the administrator accounts!

- <groupname>: If you have created some groups, e.g. "securitysensitive", then checkboxes will appear here to allow you to add users to, or remove them from, these groups.

- canconfirm: This field is only used if you have enabled the "unconfirmed" status. If you enable this for a user, that user can then move bugs from "Unconfirmed" to a "Confirmed" status (e.g.: "New" status).

- creategroups: This option will allow a user to create and destroy groups in Bugzilla.

- editbugs: Unless a user has this bit set, they can only edit those bugs for which they are the assignee or the reporter. Even if this option is unchecked, users can still add comments to bugs.

- editcomponents: This flag allows a user to create new products and components, as well as modify and destroy those that have no bugs associated with them. If a product or component has bugs associated with it, those bugs must be moved to a different product or component before Bugzilla will allow them to be destroyed.

- editkeywords: If you use Bugzilla's keyword functionality, enabling this feature allows a user to create and destroy keywords. As always, the keywords for existing bugs containing the keyword the user wishes to destroy must be changed before Bugzilla will allow it to die.

- editusers: This flag allows a user to do what you're doing right now: edit other users. This will allow those with the right to do so to remove administrator privileges from other users or grant them to themselves. Enable with care.

- tweakparams: This flag allows a user to change Bugzilla's Params (using `editparams.cgi`.)

- <productname>: This allows an administrator to specify the products in which a user can see bugs. The user must still have the "editbugs" privilege to edit bugs in these products.

## Product, Component, Milestone, and Version Administration

### Products

Products

are the broadest category in Bugzilla, and tend to represent real-world shipping products. E.g. if your company makes computer games, you should have one product per game, perhaps a "Common" product for units of technology used in multiple games, and maybe a few special products (Website, Administration...)

Many of Bugzilla's settings are configurable on a per-product basis. The number of "votes" available to users is set per-product, as is the number of votes required to move a bug automatically from the UNCONFIRMED status to the NEW status.

To create a new product:

1. Select "products" from the footer

2. Select the "Add" link in the bottom right

3. Enter the name of the product and a description. The Description field may contain HTML.

Don't worry about the "Closed for bug entry", "Maximum Votes per person", "Maximum votes a person can put on a single bug", "Number of votes a bug in this Product needs to automatically get out of the UNCOMFIRMED state", and "Version" options yet. We'll cover those in a few moments.

### Components

Components are subsections of a Product. E.g. the computer game you are designing may have a "UI" component, an "API" component, a "Sound System" component, and a "Plugins" component, each overseen by a different programmer. It often makes sense to divide Components in Bugzilla according to the natural divisions of responsibility within your Product or company.

Each component has a owner and (if you turned it on in the parameters), a QA Contact. The owner should be the primary person who fixes bugs in that component. The QA Contact should be the person who will ensure these bugs are completely fixed. The Owner, QA Contact, and Reporter will get email when new bugs are created in this Component and when these bugs change. Default Owner and Default QA Contact fields only dictate the default assignments; these can be changed on bug submission, or at any later point in a bug's life.

To create a new Component:

1. Select the "Edit components" link from the "Edit product" page

2. Select the "Add" link in the bottom right.

3. Fill out the "Component" field, a short "Description", the "Initial Owner" and "Initial QA Contact" (if enabled.) The Component and Description fields may contain HTML; the "Initial Owner" field must be a login name already existing in the database.

### Versions

Versions are the revisions of the product, such as "Flinders 3.1", "Flinders 95", and "Flinders 2000". Version is not a multi-select field; the usual practice is to select the most recent version with the bug.

To create and edit Versions:

1. From the "Edit product" screen, select "Edit Versions"

2. You will notice that the product already has the default version "undefined". Click the "Add" link in the bottom right.

3. Enter the name of the Version. This field takes text only. Then click the "Add" button.

### Milestones

Milestones are "targets" that you plan to get a bug fixed by. For example, you have a bug that you plan to fix for your 3.0 release, it would be assigned the milestone of 3.0.

Milestone options will only appear for a Product if you turned on the "usetargetmilestone" Param in the "Edit Parameters" screen.

To create new Milestones, set Default Milestones, and set Milestone URL:

1. Select "Edit milestones" from the "Edit product" page.

2. Select "Add" in the bottom right corner. text

3. Enter the name of the Milestone in the "Milestone" field. You can optionally set the "sortkey", which is a positive or negative number (-255 to 255) that defines where in the list this particular milestone appears. This is because milestones often do not occur in alphanumeric order For example, "Future" might be after "Release 1.2". Select "Add".

4. From the Edit product screen, you can enter the URL of a page which gives information about your milestones and what they mean.

   If you want your milestone document to be restricted so that it can only be viewed by people in a particular Bugzilla group, the best way is to attach the document to a bug in that group, and make the URL the URL of that attachment.

## Voting

Voting allows users to be given a pot of votes which they can allocate to bugs, to indicate that they'd like them fixed. This allows developers to gauge user need for a particular enhancement or bugfix. By allowing bugs with a certain number of votes to automatically move from "UNCONFIRMED" to "NEW", users of the bug system can help high-priority bugs garner attention so they don't sit for a long time awaiting triage.

To modify Voting settings:

1. Navigate to the "Edit product" screen for the Product you wish to modify

2. Maximum Votes per person: Setting this field to "0" disables voting.

3. Maximum Votes a person can put on a single bug": It should probably be some number lower than the "Maximum votes per person". Don't set this field to "0" if "Maximum votes per person" is non-zero; that doesn't make any sense.

4. Number of votes a bug in this product needs to automatically get out of the UNCONFIRMED state: Setting this field to "0" disables the automatic move of bugs from UNCONFIRMED to NEW.

5. Once you have adjusted the values to your preference, click "Update".

## Groups and Group Security

Groups allow the administrator to isolate bugs or products that should only be seen by certain people. There are two types of group - Generic Groups, and Product-Based Groups.

Product-Based Groups are matched with products, and allow you to restrict access to bugs on a per-product basis. They are enabled using the usebuggroups Param. Turning on the usebuggroupsentry Param will mean bugs automatically get added to their product group when filed.

Generic Groups have no special relationship to products; you create them, and put bugs in them as required. One example of the use of Generic Groups is Mozilla's "Security" group, into which security-sensitive bugs are placed until fixed. Only the Mozilla Security Team are members of this group.

To create Generic Groups:

1. Select the "groups" link in the footer.

2. Take a moment to understand the instructions on the "Edit Groups" screen, then select the "Add Group" link.

3. Fill out the "New Name", "New Description", and "New User RegExp" fields. "New User RegExp" allows you to automatically place all users who fulfill the Regular Expression into the new group. When you have finished, click "Add".

To use Product-Based Groups:

1. Turn on "usebuggroups" and "usebuggroupsentry" in the "Edit Parameters" screen.

   XXX is this still true? "usebuggroupsentry" has the capacity to prevent the administrative user from directly altering bugs because of conflicting group permissions. If you plan on using "usebuggroupsentry", you should plan on restricting administrative account usage to administrative duties only. In other words, manage bugs with an unpriveleged user account, and manage users, groups, Products, etc. with the administrative account.

2. In future, when you create a Product, a matching group will be automatically created. If you need to add a Product Group to a Product which was created before you turned on usebuggroups, then simply create a new group, as outlined above, with the same name as the Product.

Bugzilla currently has a limit of 64 groups per installation. If you have more than about 50 products, you should consider running multiple Bugzillas. Ask in the newsgroup for other suggestions for working around this restriction.

Note that group permissions are such that you need to be a member of all the groups a bug is in, for whatever reason, to see that bug.

By default, bugs can also be seen by the Assignee, the Reporter, and by everyone on the CC List, regardless of whether or not the bug would typically be viewable by them. Visibility to the Reporter and CC List can be overridden (on a per-bug basis) by bringing up the bug, finding the section that starts with Users in the roles selected below... and un-checking the box next to either 'Reporter' or 'CC List' (or both).

## Bugzilla Security

Poorly-configured MySQL and Bugzilla installations have given attackers full access to systems in the past. Please take these guidelines seriously, even for Bugzilla machines hidden away behind your firewall. 80% of all computer trespassers are insiders, not anonymous crackers.

These instructions must, of necessity, be somewhat vague since Bugzilla runs on so many different platforms. If you have refinements of these directions, please submit a bug to &bzg-bugs;.

This is not meant to be a comprehensive list of every possible security issue regarding the tools mentioned in this section. There is no subsitute for reading the information written by the authors of any software running on your system.

### TCP/IP Ports

TCP/IP defines 65,000 some ports for trafic. Of those, Bugzilla only needs 1... 2 if you need to use features that require e-mail such as bug moving or the e-mail interface from contrib. You should audit your server and make sure that you aren't listening on any ports you don't need to be. You may also wish to use some kind of firewall software to be sure that trafic can only be recieved on ports you specify.

### MySQL

MySQL ships by default with many settings that should be changed. By defaults it allows anybody to connect from localhost without a password and have full administrative capabilities. It also defaults to not have a root password (this is not the same as the system root). Also, many installations default to running mysqld as the system root.

1. Make sure you are running at least version 3.22.32 of MySQL as earlier versions had notable security holes.

2. Consult the documentation that came with your system for information on making mysqld run as an unprivleged user.

3. You should also be sure to disable the anonymous user account and set a password for the root user. This is accomplished using the following commands:

       bash$ mysql mysql
       mysql> DELETE FROM user WHERE user = '';
       mysql> UPDATE user SET password = password('new_password') WHERE user = 'root';
       mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

   From this point forward you will need to use `mysql -u root -p` and enter new_password when prompted when using the mysql client.

4. If you run MySQL on the same machine as your httpd server, you should consider disabling networking from within MySQL by adding the following to your `/etc/my.cnf`:

       [myslqd]
       # Prevent network access to MySQL.
       skip-networking

5. You may also consider running MySQL, or even all of Bugzilla in a chroot jail; however, instructions for doing that are beyond the scope of this document.

### Daemon Accounts

Many daemons, such as Apache's httpd and MySQL's mysqld default to running as either root or nobody. Running as root introduces obvious security problems, but the problems introduced by running everything as nobody may not be so obvious. Basically, if you're running every daemon as nobody and one of them gets comprimised, they all get comprimised. For this reason it is recommended that you create a user account for each daemon.

You will need to set the `webservergroup` to the group you created for your webserver to run as in `localconfig`. This will allow `./checksetup.pl` to better adjust the file permissions on your Bugzilla install so as to not require making anything world-writable.

### Web Server Access Controls

There are many files that are placed in the Bugzilla directory area that should not be accessable from the web. Because of the way Bugzilla is currently layed out, the list of what should and should not be accessible is rather complicated. A new installation method is currently in the works which should solve this by allowing files that shouldn't be accessible from the web to be placed in directory outside the webroot. See bug 44659 for more information.

- In the main Bugzilla directory, you should:

  - Block:

    - `*.pl`
    - `*localconfig*`
    - `runtests.sh`
    - `processmail`
    - `syncshadowdb`

  - But allow:

    - `localconfig.js`
    - `localconfig.rdf`

- In `data`:

  - Block everything

  - But allow:

    - `duplicates.rdf`

- In `data/webdot`:

  - If you use a remote webdot server:

    - Block everything

    - But allow

      - `*.dot`
      only for the remote webdot server

  - Otherwise, if you use a local GraphViz:

    - Block everything

    - But allow:

      - `*.png`
      - `*.gif`
      - `*.jpg`
      - `*.map`

  - And if you don't use any dot:

    - Block everything

- In `Bugzilla`:

  - Block everything

- In `template`:

  - Block everything

Bugzilla ships with the ability to generate `.htaccess` files instructing Apache which files should and should not be accessible.

You should test to make sure that the files mentioned above are not accessible from the Internet, especially your `localconfig` file which contains your database password. To test, simply point your web browser at the file; for example, to test mozilla.org's installation, we'd try to access . You should get a 403 Forbidden error.

Not following the instructions in this section, including testing, may result in sensitive information being globally accessible.

## Template Customisation

One of the large changes for 2.16 was the templatisation of the entire user-facing UI, using the Template Toolkit. Administrators can now configure the look and feel of Bugzilla without having to edit Perl files or face the nightmare of massive merge conflicts when they upgrade to a newer version in the future.

Templatisation also makes localised versions of Bugzilla possible, for the first time. In the future, a Bugzilla installation may have templates installed for multiple localisations, and select which ones to use based on the user's browser language setting.

### Template Directory Structure

The template directory structure starts with top level directory named `template`, which contains a directory for each installed localization. The next level defines the language used in the templates. Bugzilla comes with English templates, so the directory name is `en`, and we will discuss `template/en` throughout the documentation. Below `template/en` is the `default` directory, which contains all the standard templates shipped with Bugzilla.

A directory `data/templates` also exists; this is where Template Toolkit puts the compiled versions of the templates from either the default or custom directories. Do not directly edit the files in this directory, or all your changes will be lost the next time Template Toolkit recompiles the templates.

### Choosing a Customization Method

If you want to edit Bugzilla's templates, the first decision you must make is how you want to go about doing so. There are two choices, and which you use depends mainly on the scope of your modifications, and the method you plan to use to upgrade Bugzilla.

The first method of making customizations is to directly edit the templates found in `template/en/default`. This is probably the best way to go about it if you are going to be upgrading Bugzilla through CVS, because if you then execute a `cvs update`, any changes you have made will be merged automagically with the updated versions.

If you use this method, and CVS conflicts occur during an update, the conflicted templates (and possibly other parts of your installation) will not work until they are resolved.

The second method is to copy the templates to be modified into a mirrored directory structure under `template/en/custom`. Templates in this directory structure automatically override any identically-named and identically-located templates in the `default` directory.

The `custom` directory does not exist at first and must be created if you want to use it.

The second method of customization should be used if you use the overwriting method of upgrade, because otherwise your changes will be lost. This method may also be better if you are using the CVS method of upgrading and are going to make major changes, because it is guaranteed that the contents of this directory will not be touched during an upgrade, and you can then decide whether to continue using your own templates, or make the effort to merge your changes into the new versions by hand.

Using this method, your installation may break if incompatible changes are made to the template interface. Such changes should be documented in the release notes, provided you are using a stable release of Bugzilla. If you use using unstable code, you will need to deal with this one yourself, although if possible the changes will be mentioned before they occur in the deprecations section of the previous stable release's release notes.

Regardless of which method you choose, it is recommended that you run `./checksetup.pl` after creating or editing any templates in the `template/en/default` directory, and after editing any templates in the `custom` directory.

It is required that you run `./checksetup.pl` after creating a new template in the `custom` directory. Failure to do so will raise an incomprehensible error message.

### How To Edit Templates

If you are making template changes that you intend on submitting back for inclusion in standard Bugzilla, you should read the relevant sections of the Developers' Guide.

The syntax of the Template Toolkit language is beyond the scope of this guide. It's reasonably easy to pick up by looking at the current templates; or, you can read the manual, available on the Template Toolkit home page.

One thing you should take particular care about is the need to properly HTML filter data that has been passed into the template. This means that if the data can possibly contain special HTML characters such as <, and the data was not intended to be HTML, they need to be converted to entity form, ie &lt;. You use the 'html' filter in the Template Toolkit to do this. If you forget, you may open up your installation to cross-site scripting attacks.

Also note that Bugzilla adds a few filters of its own, that are not in standard Template Toolkit. In particular, the 'url_quote' filter can convert characters that are illegal or have special meaning in URLs, such as &, to the encoded form, ie %26. This actually encodes most characters (but not the common ones such as letters and numbers and so on), including the HTML-special characters, so there's never a need to HTML filter afterwards.

Editing templates is a good way of doing a poor man's custom fields. For example, if you don't use the Status Whiteboard, but want to have a free-form text entry box for Build Identifier, then you can just edit the templates to change the field labels. It's still be called status_whiteboard internally, but your users don't need to know that.

### Template Formats

Some CGIs have the ability to use more than one template. For example, `buglist.cgi` can output itself as RDF, or as two formats of HTML (complex and simple). If you would like to retrieve a certain format, you can use the &format=<format> (such as simple or complex) in the URL. (Try this out by appending `&format=simple` to a buglist.cgi URL on your Bugzilla installation.) The mechanism that provides this feature is extensible.

To see if a CGI supports multiple output formats, grep the CGI for ValidateOutputFormat. If it's not present, adding multiple format support isn't too hard; see how it's done in other CGIs.

To make a new format template for a CGI which supports this, open a current template for that CGI and take note of the INTERFACE comment (if present.) This comment defines what variables are passed into this template. If there isn't one, I'm afraid you'll have to read the template and the code to find out what information you get.

Write your template in whatever markup or text style is appropriate.

You now need to decide what content type you want your template served as. Open up the `localconfig` file and find the `$contenttypes` variable. If your content type is not there, add it. Remember the three- or four-letter tag assigned to your content type. This tag will be part of the template filename.

Save the template as `<stubname>-<formatname>.<contenttypetag>.tmpl`. Try out the template by calling the CGI as `<cginame>.cgi?format=<formatname>` .

### Particular Templates

There are a few templates you may be particularly interested in customising for your installation.

`index.html.tmpl`: This is the Bugzilla front page.

`global/header.html.tmpl`: This defines the header that goes on all Bugzilla pages. The header includes the banner, which is what appears to users and is probably what you want to edit instead. However the header also includes the HTML HEAD section, so you could for example add a stylesheet or META tag by editing the header.

`global/banner.html.tmpl`: This contains the banner, the part of the header that appears at the top of all Bugzilla pages. The default banner is reasonably barren, so you'll probably want to customise this to give your installation a distinctive look and feel. It is recommended you preserve the Bugzilla version number in some form so the version you are running can be determined, and users know what docs to read.

`global/footer.html.tmpl`: This defines the footer that goes on all Bugzilla pages. Editing this is another way to quickly get a distinctive look and feel for your Bugzilla installation.

`list/table.html.tmpl`: This template controls the appearance of the bug lists created by Bugzilla. Editing this template allows per-column control of the width and title of a column, the maximum display length of each entry, and the wrap behaviour of long entries. For long bug lists, Bugzilla inserts a 'break' every 100 bugs by default; this behaviour is also controlled by this template, and that value can be modified here.

`bug/create/user-message.html.tmpl`: This is a message that appears near the top of the bug reporting page. By modifying this, you can tell your users how they should report bugs.

`bug/process/midair.html.tmpl`: This is the page used if two people submit simultaneous changes to the same bug. The second person to submit their changes will get this page to tell them what the first person did, and ask if they wish to overwrite those changes or go back and revisit the bug. The default title and header on this page read "Mid-air collision detected!" If you work in the aviation industry, or other environment where this might be found offensive (yes, we have true stories of this happening) you'll want to change this to something more appropriate for your environment.

`bug/create/create.html.tmpl` and `bug/create/comment.txt.tmpl`: You may not wish to go to the effort of creating custom fields in Bugzilla, yet you want to make sure that each bug report contains a number of pieces of important information for which there is not a special field. The bug entry system has been designed in an extensible fashion to enable you to add arbitrary HTML widgets, such as drop-down lists or textboxes, to the bug entry page and have their values appear formatted in the initial comment.

An example of this is the mozilla.org guided bug submission form. The code for this comes with the Bugzilla distribution as an example for you to copy. It can be found in the files `create-guided.html.tmpl` and `comment-guided.html.tmpl`.

So to use this feature, create a custom template for `enter_bug.cgi`. The default template, on which you could base it, is `custom/bug/create/create.html.tmpl`. Call it `create-<formatname>.html.tmpl`, and in it, add widgets for each piece of information you'd like collected - such as a build number, or set of steps to reproduce.

Then, create a template like `custom/bug/create/comment.txt.tmpl`, and call it `comment-<formatname>.txt.tmpl`. This template should reference the form fields you have created using the syntax `[% form.<fieldname> %]`. When a bug report is submitted, the initial comment attached to the bug report will be formatted according to the layout of this template.

For example, if your enter_bug template had a field

    <input type="text" name="buildid" size="30">

and then your comment.txt.tmpl had

    BuildID: [% form.buildid %]

then

    BuildID: 20020303

would appear in the initial checkin comment.

## Upgrading to New Releases

Upgrading Bugzilla is something we all want to do from time to time, be it to get new features or pick up the latest security fix. How easy it is to update depends on a few factors.

- If the new version is a revision or a new point release

- How many, if any, local changes have been made

There are also three different methods to upgrade your installation.

1. Using CVS ()

2. Downloading a new tarball ()

3. Applying the relevant patches ()

Which options are available to you may depend on how large a jump you are making and/or your network configuration.

Revisions are normally released to fix security vulnerabilities and are distinguished by an increase in the third number. For example, when 2.16.6 was released, it was a revision to 2.16.5.

Point releases are normally released when the Bugzilla team feels that there has been a significant amount of progress made between the last point release and the current time. These are often proceeded by a stabilization period and release candidates, however the use of development versions or release candidates is beyond the scope of this document. Point releases can be distinguished by an increase in the second number, or minor version. For example, 2.18.0 is a newer point release than 2.16.5.

The examples in this section are written as if you were updating to version 2.16.6. The procedures are the same regardless if you are updating to a new point release or a new revision. However, the chance of running into trouble increases when upgrading to a new point release, escpecially if you've made local changes.

These examples also assume that your Bugzilla installation is at `/var/www/html/bugzilla`. If that is not the case, simply substitute the proper paths where appropriate.

### Upgrading using CVS

Every release of Bugzilla, whether it is a revision or a point release, is tagged in CVS. Also, every tarball we have distributed since version 2.12 has been primed for using CVS. This does, however, require that you are able to access cvs-mirror.mozilla.org on port 2401.

If you can do this, updating using CVS is probably the most painless method, especially if you have a lot of local changes.

    bash$ cd /var/www/html/bugzilla
    bash$ cvs login
    Logging in to :pserver:anonymous@cvs-mirror.mozilla.org:2401/cvsroot
    CVS password: anonymous
    bash$ cvs -q update -r BUGZILLA-2_16_6 -dP
    P checksetup.pl
    P collectstats.pl
    P globals.pl
    P docs/rel_notes.txt
    P template/en/default/list/quips.html.tmpl

If a line in the output from `cvs update` begins with a `C` that represents a file with local changes that CVS was unable to properly merge. You need to resolve these conflicts manually before Bugzilla (or at least the portion using that file) will be usable.

You also need to run `./checksetup.pl` before your Bugzilla upgrade will be complete.

### Upgrading using the tarball

If you are unable or unwilling to use CVS, another option that's always available is to download the latest tarball. This is the most difficult option to use, especially if you have local changes.

    bash$ cd /var/www/html
    bash$ wget ftp://ftp.mozilla.org/pub/mozilla.org/webtools/bugzilla-2.16.6.tar.gz
    Output omitted
    bash$ tar xzvf bugzilla-2.16.6.tar.gz
    bugzilla-2.16.6/
    bugzilla-2.16.6/.cvsignore
    bugzilla-2.16.6/1x1.gif
    Output truncated
    bash$ cd bugzilla-2.16.6
    bash$ cp ../bugzilla/localconfig* .
    bash$ cp -r ../bugzilla/data .
    bash$ cd ..
    bash$ mv bugzilla bugzilla.old
    bash$ mv bugzilla-2.16.6 bugzilla
    bash$ cd bugzilla
    bash$ ./checksetup.pl
    Output omitted

The `cp` commands both end with periods which is a very important detail, it tells the shell that the destination directory is the current working directory. Also, the period at the beginning of the `./checksetup.pl` is important and can not be omitted.

You will now have to reapply any changes you have made to your local installation manually.

### Upgrading using patches

The Bugzilla team will normally make a patch file available for revisions to go from the most recent revision to the new one. You could also read the release notes and grab the patches attached to the mentioned bug, but it is safer to use the released patch file as sometimes patches get changed before they get checked in (for minor spelling fixes and the like). It is also theorectically possible to scour the fixed bug list and pick and choose which patches to apply from a point release, but this is not recommended either as what you'll end up with is a hodge podge Bugzilla that isn't really any version. This would also make it more difficult to upgrade in the future.

    bash$ cd /var/www/html/bugzilla
    bash$ wget ftp://ftp.mozilla.org/pub/mozilla.org/webtools/bugzilla-2.16.5-to-2.16.6.diff.gz
    Output omitted
    bash$ gunzip bugzilla-2.16.5-to-2.16.6.diff.gz
    bash$ patch -p1 < bugzilla-2.16.5-to-2.16.6.diff
    patching file checksetup.pl
    patching file collectstats.pl
    patching file globals.pl

If you do this, beware that this doesn't change the entires in your `CVS` directory so it may make updates using CVS () more difficult in the future.

&integration;