Chapter 1. Introduction to GHC
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## Chapter 1. Introduction to GHC

This is a guide to using the Glasgow Haskell Compiler (GHC): an interactive and batch compilation system for the Haskell 98 language.

GHC has two main components: an interactive Haskell interpreter (also known as GHCi), described in Chapter 3, Using GHCi, and a batch compiler, described throughout Chapter 4, Using GHC. In fact, GHC consists of a single program which is just run with different options to provide either the interactive or the batch system.

The batch compiler can be used alongside GHCi: compiled modules can be loaded into an interactive session and used in the same way as interpreted code, and in fact when using GHCi most of the library code will be pre-compiled. This means you get the best of both worlds: fast pre-compiled library code, and fast compile turnaround for the parts of your program being actively developed.

GHC supports numerous language extensions, including concurrency, a foreign function interface, exceptions, type system extensions such as multi-parameter type classes, local universal and existential quantification, functional dependencies, scoped type variables and explicit unboxed types. These are all described in Chapter 7, GHC Language Features.

GHC has a comprehensive optimiser, so when you want to Really Go For It (and you've got time to spare) GHC can produce pretty fast code. Alternatively, the default option is to compile as fast as possible while not making too much effort to optimise the generated code (although GHC probably isn't what you'd describe as a fast compiler :-).

GHC's profiling system supports “cost centre stacks”: a way of seeing the profile of a Haskell program in a call-graph like structure. See Chapter 5, Profiling for more details.

GHC comes with a large collection of libraries, with everything from parser combinators to networking. The libraries are described in separate documentation.

## 1.1. Meta-information: Web sites, mailing lists, etc.

On the World-Wide Web, there are several URLs of likely interest:

- Haskell home page

- GHC home page

- comp.lang.functional FAQ

We run the following mailing lists about Glasgow Haskell. We encourage you to join, as you feel is appropriate.

glasgow-haskell-users:

  This list is for GHC users to chat among themselves. If you have a specific question about GHC, please check the FAQ first.

  list email address:

    `<glasgow-haskell-users@haskell.org>`

  subscribe at:

    `http://www.haskell.org/mailman/listinfo/glasgow-haskell-users`.

  admin email address:

    `<glasgow-haskell-users-admin@haskell.org>`

  list archives:

    `http://www.haskell.org/pipermail/glasgow-haskell-users/`

glasgow-haskell-bugs:

  Send bug reports for GHC to this address! The sad and lonely people who subscribe to this list will muse upon what's wrong and what you might do about it.

  list email address:

    `<glasgow-haskell-bugs@haskell.org>`

  subscribe at:

    `http://www.haskell.org/mailman/listinfo/glasgow-haskell-bugs`.

  admin email address:

    `<glasgow-haskell-bugs-admin@haskell.org>`

  list archives:

    `http://www.haskell.org/pipermail/glasgow-haskell-bugs/`

cvs-ghc:

  The hardcore GHC developers hang out here. This list also gets commit message from the CVS repository. There are several other similar lists for other parts of the CVS repository (eg. `cvs-hslibs`, `cvs-happy`, `cvs-hdirect` etc.)

  list email address:

    `<cvs-ghc@haskell.org>`

  subscribe at:

    `http://www.haskell.org/mailman/listinfo/cvs-ghc`.

  admin email address:

    `<cvs-ghc-admin@haskell.org>`

  list archives:

    `http://www.haskell.org/pipermail/cvs-ghc/`

There are several other haskell and GHC-related mailing lists served by `www.haskell.org`. Go to `http://www.haskell.org/mailman/listinfo/` for the full list.

Some Haskell-related discussion also takes place in the Usenet newsgroup `comp.lang.functional`.

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