g.region(1)

NAME
g.region - Program to manage the boundary definitions for the geographic region.

KEYWORDS
general

SYNOPSIS
g.region
g.region help
g.region [-dplecmau3gb] [region=name] [rast=name[,name,...]] [rast3d=name] [vect=name] [3dview=name] [n=value] [s=value] [e=value] [w=value] [t=value] [b=value] [res=value] [res3=value] [nsres=value] [ewres=value] [tbres=value] [zoom=name] [align=name] [save=name] [--overwrite]

  Flags:

-d  Set from default region

-p  Print the current region

-l  Print the current region in lat/long on current ellipsoid/datum

-e  Print the current region extent

-c  Print the current region map center coordinates

-m  Print region resolution in meters (geodesic)

-a  Align region to resolution (default = align to bounds, works only for 2D resolution )

-u  Do not update the current region

-3  Print also 3D settings

-g  Print the current region (shell script style)

-b  Print the maximum bounding box in lat/long on WGS84 (-g mode only)

--overwrite

  Parameters:

region=name
    Set current region from named region

rast=name[,name,...]
    Set region to match this raster map

rast3d=name
    Set region to match this 3D raster map (both 2D and 3D values)

vect=name
    Set region to match this vector map

3dview=name
    Set region to match this 3dview file

n=value
    Value for the northern edge (format dd:mm:ss{N|S})

s=value
    Value for the southern edge (format dd:mm:ss{N|S})

e=value
    Value for the eastern edge (format ddd:mm:ss{E|W})

w=value
    Value for the western edge (format ddd:mm:ss{E|W})

t=value
    Value for the top edge

b=value
    Value for the bottom edge

res=value
    Grid resolution 2D (both north-south and east-west)

res3=value
    3D grid resolution (north-south, east-west and top-bottom)

nsres=value
    North-south grid resolution 2D (format dd:mm:ss)

ewres=value
    East-west grid resolution 2D (format dd:mm:ss)

tbres=value
    Top-bottom grid resolution 3D

zoom=name
    Raster map to zoom into

align=name
    Raster map to align to

save=name
    Save the current region to region definition file

DESCRIPTION
The g.region program allows the user to manage the settings of the current geographic region. These regional boundaries can be set by the user directly and/or set from a region definition file (stored under the windows directory in the user's current mapset). The user can create, modify, and store as many geographic region definitions as desired for any given mapset. However, only one of these geographic region definitions will be current at any given moment, for a specified mapset; i.e., GRASS programs that respect the geographic region settings will use the current geographic region settings.

DEFINITIONS

Region:
    In GRASS, a region refers to a geographic area with some defined boundaries, based on a specific map coordinate system and map projection. Each region also has associated with it the specific east-west and north-south resolutions of its smallest units (rectangular units called "cells").

The region's boundaries are given as the northernmost, southernmost, easternmost, and westernmost points that define its extent. The north and south boundaries are commonly called northings, while the east and west boundaries are called eastings.

The region's cell resolution defines the size of the smallest piece of data recognized (imported, analyzed, displayed, stored, etc.) by GRASS programs affected by the current region settings. The north-south and east-west cell resolutions need not be the same, thus allowing non-square data cells to exist.

Default Region:
    Each GRASS LOCATION_NAME has a fixed geographic region, called the default geographic region (stored in the region file DEFAULT_WIND under the special mapset PERMANENT), that defines the extent of the data base. While this provides a starting point for defining new geographic regions, user-defined geographic regions need not fall within this geographic region.

Current Region:
    Each mapset has a current geographic region. This region defines the geographic area in which all GRASS displays and analyses will be done. Data will be resampled, if necessary, to meet the cell resolutions of the current geographic region setting.

Region Data Base:
    Each GRASS MAPSET may contain any number of pre-defined, and named, geographic regions. These region definitions are stored in the user's current mapset location under the windows directory (also referred to as the user's data base of region definitions). Any of these pre-defined geographic regions may be selected, by name, to become the current geographic region. Users may also access saved region definitions stored under other mapsets in the current location, if these mapsets are included in the user's mapset search path.

REGION EDIT PROMPT
Most of the options will require the user to edit a geographic region, be it the current geographic region or one stored in the user's data base of region definitions (the windows directory). A standard prompt is used to perform this edit. An example is shown below:
---------------------------------------------------------------
| IDENTIFY REGION |
| |
| =========== DEFAULT REGION ========== |
| | Default North: 3402025.00 | |
| | | |
| | ===YOUR REGION=== | |
| | | NORTH EDGE | | |
| | | 3402025.00_ | | |
| | | | | |
| Def West: |WEST EDGE | |EAST EDGE | Def.East: |
| 233975.00 |233975.00_| |236025.00_| 236025.00 |
| | | SOUTH EDGE | | |
| | | 3399975.00_ | | |
| | ================= | |
| | | |
| | Default South: 3399975.00 | |
| ======================================= |
| |
| Default GRID RESOLUTION Region |
| 50.00 --- East-West --- 50.00__ |
| 50.00 -- North-South -- 50.00__ |
| |
| |
| AFTER COMPLETING ALL ANSWERS, HIT <ESC> TO CONTINUE |
---------------------------------------------------------------
The fields NORTH EDGE, SOUTH EDGE, WEST EDGE and EAST EDGE, are the boundaries of the geographic region that the user can change. The fields Default North, Default South, Def West and Def East are the boundaries of the default geographic region that are displayed for reference and cannot be changed. The two GRID RESOLUTION Region fields (east-west, and north-south) are the geographic region's cell resolutions that the user can change. The two GRID RESOLUTION Default fields list the resolutions of the default geographic region; these are displayed for reference and cannot be changed here by the user.

REGION MANAGEMENT MENU OPTIONS

1   Modify the current geographic region directly Allows the user to edit the current region.

2   Set current geographic region from default region Copies the default region to the current geographic region, and then lets the user edit the current geographic region.

3   Set current geographic region from a data base geographic region Allows the user to select a geographic region by name from the data base of geographic regions to become the current geographic region, and then lets the user edit the current geographic region.

Note: geographic region definition files may be selected from other mapsets as well, if accessible and in the user's mapset search path.

4   Set current geographic region from a raster (cell) map layer Allows the user to select a raster map layer, copies the cell header for this map layer to the current geographic region, and then lets the user edit the current geographic region. This option is useful when subsequent GRASS operations will be used to produce a raster map layer from one input raster map layer and it is necessary that the result coincide with the input raster map layer.

5   Save the current geographic region (window) in the data base Allows the user to save the current geographic region settings in the user's data base of such settings. These files are stored in the windows directory under the user's current mapset. This option is useful when the current geographic region is set directly using option 2, or even by another GRASS program (e.g., d.m). This option installs an otherwise temporary geographic region setting into the geographic region definition data base for recall when needed.

6   Create a new data base geographic region setting Creates a new geographic region definition in the user's data base of such settings in the windows directory under the current mapset, using the geographic region edit prompt described above. After the geographic region definition is created, the user is asked if this geographic region setting should also be used as the current geographic region.

7   Modify a data base geographic region setting Modifies a geographic region setting (in the data base of such settings in the windows directory of the current mapset), using the geographic region edit prompt. After the changes have been made, the user is asked if this geographic region setting should also be used as the current geographic region.

NON-INTERACTIVE PROGRAM USE
Alternately, the user can modify the settings of the current geographic region by specifying all needed parameters on the command line. The user enters the command g.region parms, where parms are the following parameters and/or flags:

EXAMPLES

    g.region n=7360100 e=699000
    will reset the northing and easting for the current region, but leave the south edge, west edge, and the region cell resolutions unchanged.

g.region n=51:36:05N e=10:10:05E s=51:29:55N w=9:59:55E res=0:00:01
will reset the northing, easting, southing, westing and resolution for the current region, here in DMS latitude-longitude style (but also decimal degrees can be used).

g.region -dp s=698000
will set the current region from the default region for the GRASS data base location, reset the south edge to 698000, and then print the result.

g.region n=n+1000 w=w-500
The n=value may also be specified as a function of its current value: n=n+value increases the current northing, while n=n-value decreases it. This is also true for s=value, e=value, and w=value. In this example the current region's northern boundary is extended by 1000 units and the current region's western boundary is decreased by 500 units.

g.region n=s+1000 e=w+1000
This form allows the user to set the region boundary values relative to one another. Here, the northern boundary coordinate is set equal to 1000 units larger than the southern boundary's coordinate value, and the eastern boundary's coordinate value is set equal to 1000 units larger than the western boundary's coordinate value. The corresponding forms s=n-value and

w=e-value may be used to set the values of the region's southern and western boundaries, relative to the northern and eastern boundary values.
g.region rast=soils
This form will make the current region settings exactly the same as those given in the cell header file for the raster map layer soils.

g.region -up rast=soils
The -u option suppresses the re-setting of the current region definition. This can be useful when it is desired to only extract region information. In this case, the cell header file for the soils map layer is printed without changing the current region settings.

g.region -p rast=soils
This will zoom into the smallest region which encompasses all non-zero soils data values, and save the new region settings in a file to be called soils and stored under the windows directory in the user's current mapset. The current region settings are not changed.

g.region b=0 t=3000 tbres=200 res3=100
g.region -p3
This will define the 3D region for voxel computations. In this example a volume with bottom (0m) to top (3000m) at horizontal resolution (100m) and vertical resolution (200m) is defined.

g.region -p
This will print the current region in the format:
projection: 1 (UTM)
zone: 13
datum: nad27
ellipsoid: clark66
north: 4928000
south: 4914000
west: 590000
east: 609000
nsres: 20
ewres: 20
rows: 700
cols: 950

g.region -p3
This will print the current region and the 3D region (used for voxels) in the format:
projection: 1 (UTM)
zone: 13
datum: nad27
ellipsoid: clark66
north: 4928000
south: 4914000
west: 590000
east: 609000
top: 1.00000000
bottom: 0.00000000
nsres: 20
nsres3: 20
ewres: 20
ewres3: 20
tbres: 1
rows: 700
rows3: 700
cols: 950
cols3: 950
depths: 1

g.region -g
The -g option prints the region in the following script style (key=value) format:
n=4928000
s=4914000
w=590000
e=609000
nsres=20
ewres=20
rows=700
cols=950

g.region -bg
The -bg option prints the region in the following script style (key=value) format plus the boundary box in latitude-longitude/WGS84:
n=4928000
s=4914000
w=590000
e=609000
nsres=20
ewres=20
rows=700
cols=950
LL_W=-103.87080682
LL_E=-103.62942884
LL_N=44.50164277
LL_S=44.37302019

g.region -l
The -l option prints the region in the following format:
long: -103.86789484 lat: 44.50165890 (north/west corner)
long: -103.62895703 lat: 44.49904013 (north/east corner)
long: -103.63190061 lat: 44.37303558 (south/east corner)
long: -103.87032572 lat: 44.37564292 (south/west corner)
rows: 700
cols: 950
Center longitude: 103:44:59.170374W [-103.74977]
Center latitude: 44:26:14.439781N [44.43734]

g.region -pm
This will print the current region in the format (latitude-longitude location):
projection: 3 (Latitude-Longitude)
zone: 0
ellipsoid: wgs84
north: 90N
south: 40N
west: 20W
east: 20E
nsres: 928.73944902
ewres: 352.74269109
rows: 6000
cols: 4800
Note that the resolution is here reported in meters, not decimal degrees.

The -p (or -g) option is recognized last. This means that all changes are applied to the region settings before printing occurs.

NOTE
After all updates have been applied, the current region's southern and western boundaries are (silently) adjusted so that the north/south distance is a multiple of the north/south resolution and that the east/west distance is a multiple of the east/west resolution.

With the -a flag all four boundaries are adjusted to be even multiples of the resolution.

The -m flag will report the region resolution in meters. The resolution is calculated by averaging the resolution at the region boundaries. This resolution is calculated by dividing the geodesic distance in meters at the boundary by the number of rows or columns. For example the east / west resolution (ewres) is determined from an average of the geodesic distances at the North and South boundaries divided by the number of columns.

SEE ALSO
d.zoom
g.access
g.mapsets
g.projinfo

AUTHOR
Michael Shapiro, U.S.Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory

Last changed: $Date: 2005/12/22 14:37:05 $

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