/*****************************************************************************
 * 
 * This file is part of Mapnik (c++ mapping toolkit)
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2006 Artem Pavlenko
 *
 * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
 * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 * Lesser General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
 * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
 *
 *****************************************************************************/

#ifndef MAPNIK_ENUMERATION_INCLUDED
#define MAPNIK_ENUMERATION_INCLUDED

#include <mapnik/config.hpp>

#include <vector>
#include <bitset>
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>

namespace mapnik {

class illegal_enum_value : public std::exception
{
    public:
        illegal_enum_value() {}

        illegal_enum_value( const std::string & what ) :
            what_( what )
        {
        }
        virtual ~illegal_enum_value() throw() {};

        virtual const char * what() const throw()
        {
            return what_.c_str();    
        }

    protected:
        std::string what_;
};


/** Slim wrapper for enumerations. It creates a new type from a native enum and
 * a char pointer array. It almost exactly behaves like a native enumeration
 * type. It supports string conversion through stream operators. This is usefull
 * for debugging, serialization/deserialization and also helps with implementing
 * language bindings. The two convinient macros DEFINE_ENUM() and IMPLEMENT_ENUM()
 * are provided to help with instanciation.
 *
 * @par Limitations:
 *    - The enum must start at zero. 
 *    - The enum must be consecutive. 
 *    - The enum must be terminated with a special token consisting of the enum's
 *      name plus "_MAX".
 *    - The corresponding char pointer array must be terminated with an empty string.
 *    - The names must only consist of characters and digits (<i>a-z, A-Z, 0-9</i>),
 *      underscores (<i>_</i>) and dashes (<i>-</i>).
 * 
 *
 * @warning At the moment the verify() method is called during static initialization.
 * It quits the application with exit code 1 if any error is detected. The other solution
 * i thought of is to do the checks at compile time (using boost::mpl).
 *
 * @par Example:
 * The following code goes into the header file:
 * @code
 * enum fruit_enum {
 *      APPLE,
 *      CHERRY,
 *      BANANA,
 *      PASSION_FRUIT,
 *      fruit_enum_MAX
 * };
 *
 * static const char * fruit_strings[] = {
 *      "apple",
 *      "cherry",
 *      "banana",
 *      "passion_fruit",
 *      ""
 * };
 *
 * DEFINE_ENUM( fruit, fruit_enum);
 * @endcode
 * In the corresponding cpp file do:
 * @code
 * IMPLEMENT_ENUM( fruit, fruit_strings );
 * @endcode
 * And here is how to use the resulting type Fruit
 * @code
 * 
 * int
 * main(int argc, char * argv[]) {
 *      fruit f(APPLE);
 *      switch ( f ) {
 *          case BANANA:
 *          case APPLE:
 *              cerr << "No thanks. I hate " << f << "s" << endl;
 *              break;
 *          default:
 *              cerr << "Hmmm ... yummy " << f << endl;
 *              break;
 *      }
 *      
 *      f = CHERRY;
 *
 *      fruit_enum native_enum = f;
 *      
 *      f.from_string("passion_fruit");
 *
 *      for (unsigned i = 0; i < fruit::MAX; ++i) {
 *          cerr << i << " = " << fruit::get_string(i) << endl;
 *      }
 *
 *      f.from_string("elephant"); // throws illegal_enum_value
 *
 *      return 0;
 * }
 * @endcode
 */

template <class ENUM, int THE_MAX>
class MAPNIK_DECL enumeration {
    public:
        typedef ENUM native_type;
        enumeration() {};
        enumeration( ENUM v ) : value_(v) {} 
        enumeration( const enumeration & other ) : value_(other.value_) {} 
        
        /** Assignment operator for native enum values. */
        void operator=(ENUM v)
        {
            value_ = v;
        }

        /** Assignment operator. */
        void operator=(const enumeration & other)
        {
            value_ = other.value_;
        }

        /** Conversion operator for native enum values. */
        operator ENUM() const
        {
            return value_;
        }

        enum Max 
        {
            MAX = THE_MAX
        };
        ENUM max() const
        {
            return THE_MAX;
        }
        /** Converts @p str to an enum. 
         * @throw illegal_enum_value @p str is not a legal identifier.
         * */
        void from_string(const std::string & str)
        {
            for (unsigned i = 0; i < THE_MAX; ++i)
            {
                if (str == our_strings_[i])
                {
                    value_ = static_cast<ENUM>(i);
                    return;
                }
            }
            throw illegal_enum_value(std::string("Illegal enumeration value '") + 
                    str + "' for enum " + our_name_);
        }

        /** Parses the input stream @p is for a word consisting of characters and
         * digits (<i>a-z, A-Z, 0-9</i>) and underscores (<i>_</i>).
         * The failbit of the stream is set if the word is not a valid identifier.
         */
        std::istream & parse(std::istream & is)
        {
            std::string word;
            char c;

            while ( is.peek() != std::char_traits< char >::eof())
            {
                is >> c;
                if ( isspace(c) && word.empty() )
                {
                    continue;
                }
                if ( isalnum(c) || (c == '_') || c == '-' )
                {
                    word += c;
                }
                else
                {
                    is.unget();
                    break;
                }
            } 

            try
            {
                from_string( word );
            }
            catch (const illegal_enum_value &)
            {
                is.setstate(std::ios::failbit);
            }

            return is;
        }

        /** Returns the current value as a string identifier. */
        std::string as_string() const
        {
            return our_strings_[value_];
        }

        /** Prints the string identifier to the output stream @p os. */
        std::ostream & print(std::ostream & os = std::cerr) const 
        {
            return os << our_strings_[value_];
        }
        
        /** Static helper function to iterate over valid identifiers. */
        static const char * get_string(unsigned i)
        {
            return our_strings_[i];
        }

        /** Performs some simple checks and quits the application if
         * any error is detected. Tries to print helpful error messages.
         */
        static bool verify(const char * filename, unsigned line_no)
        {
            for (unsigned i = 0; i < THE_MAX; ++i)
            {
                if (our_strings_[i] == 0 )
                {
                    std::cerr << "### FATAL: Not enough strings for enum "
                              << our_name_ << " defined in file '" << filename 
                              << "' at line " << line_no << std::endl;
		    std::exit(1);
                }
            }
            if ( std::string("") != our_strings_[THE_MAX])
            {
                std::cerr << "### FATAL: The string array for enum " << our_name_ 
                          << " defined in file '" << filename << "' at line " << line_no
                          << " has too many items or is not terminated with an "
                          << "empty string." << std::endl;
		std::exit(1);
            }
            return true;
        }
        static const std::string & get_full_qualified_name()
        {
            return our_name_;
        }
        static std::string get_name()
        {
            std::string::size_type idx = our_name_.find_last_of(":");
            if ( idx == std::string::npos )
            {
                return our_name_;
            } else {
                return our_name_.substr( idx + 1 );
            }
        }
    private:
        ENUM value_;
        static const char ** our_strings_ ;
        static std::string our_name_ ;
        static bool  our_verified_flag_; 
};

/** ostream operator for enumeration 
 * @relates mapnik::enumeration
 */
template <class ENUM, int THE_MAX>
std::ostream &
operator<<(std::ostream & os, const mapnik::enumeration<ENUM, THE_MAX> & e)
{
    e.print( os );
    return os;
}

/** istream operator for enumeration 
 * @relates mapnik::enumeration
 */
template <class ENUM, int THE_MAX>
std::istream &
operator>>(std::istream & is, mapnik::enumeration<ENUM, THE_MAX> & e)
{
    e.parse( is );
    return is;
}

} // end of namespace

/** Helper macro. Creates a typedef.
 * @relates mapnik::enumeration
 */
#define DEFINE_ENUM( name, e) \
    typedef mapnik::enumeration<e, e ## _MAX> name; 

/** Helper macro. Runs the verify() method during static initialization.
 * @relates mapnik::enumeration
 */
#define IMPLEMENT_ENUM( name, strings ) \
    template <> const char ** name ::our_strings_ = strings; \
    template <> std::string name ::our_name_ = #name; \
    template <> bool name ::our_verified_flag_( name ::verify(__FILE__, __LINE__));

#endif // MAPNIK_ENUMERATION_INCLUDED
