► |  | Syntax: Meta-Programming Helpers

1 | Syntax Object Helpers
2 | Module-Processing Helpers
3 | Macro Transformer Helpers
4 | Reader Helpers
5 | Non-Module Compilation And Expansion
6 | Trusting Standard Recertifying Transformers
7 | Attaching Documentation to Exports
8 | Parsing and specifying syntax
| Index

▼ | 8 | Parsing and specifying syntax

8.1 | Introduction
8.2 | Examples
8.3 | Parsing syntax
8.4 | Specifying syntax with syntax classes
8.5 | Syntax patterns
8.6 | Literal sets and Conventions
8.7 | Library syntax classes and literal sets
8.8 | Debugging and inspection tools
8.9 | Experimental

► | 8.9 | Experimental

8.9.1 | Contracts for macro sub-expressions
8.9.2 | Contracts for syntax classes
8.9.3 | Reflection
8.9.4 | Procedural splicing syntax classes
8.9.5 | Ellipsis-head alternative sets

On this page:

8.9.1`` Contracts for macro sub-expressions
expr/ c
8.9.2`` Contracts for syntax classes
provide-syntax-class/ contract
syntax-class/ c
8.9.3`` Reflection
reify-syntax-class
reified-syntax-class?
reified-splicing-syntax-class?
reified-syntax-class-attributes
reified-syntax-class-arity
reified-syntax-class-keywords
reified-syntax-class-curry
8.9.4`` Procedural splicing syntax classes
define-primitive-splicing-syntax-class
8.9.5`` Ellipsis-head alternative sets
define-eh-alternative-set

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#### 8.9`` Experimental

The following facilities are experimental.

##### 8.9.1`` Contracts for macro sub-expressions

( require syntax/parse/experimental/contract )

Macros can apply contracts to their sub-expressions using the expr/c syntax class.

( expr/c |  | contract-expr |  |  |  |
|  | #:positive pos-blame |  |  |  |
|  | #:negative neg-blame |  |  |  |
|  | #:name expr-name |  |  |  |
|  | #:macro macro-name |  |  |  |
|  | #:context ctx) |  | → |  | (attributes c)

contract-expr : syntax?
pos-blame : 'use-site
neg-blame : 'from-macro
expr-name : #f
macro-name : #f
ctx : #f

Accepts an expression (expr) and computes an attribute c that represents the expression wrapped with the contract represented by contract-expr.

See Experimental: Contracts on macro sub-expressions for an example.

##### 8.9.2`` Contracts for syntax classes

( require syntax/parse/experimental/provide )

( provide-syntax-class/contract
[syntax-class-id syntax-class-contract] ...)

syntax-class-contract |  | = |  | ( syntax-class/c (mandatory-arg ...))

|

( syntax-class/c (mandatory-arg ...)
(optional-arg ...))

arg |  | = |  | contract-expr
|  | | |  | keyword contract-expr

| contract-expr |  | : |  | contract?

Provides the syntax class (or splicing syntax class) syntax-class-id with the given contracts imposed on its formal parameters.

syntax-class/c

Keyword recognized by provide-syntax-class/contract.

##### 8.9.3`` Reflection

( require syntax/parse/experimental/reflect )

A syntax class can be reified into a run-time value, and a reified syntax class can be used in a pattern via the ~reflect and ~splicing-reflect pattern forms.

( reify-syntax-class syntax-class-id)

Reifies the syntax class named syntax-class-id as a run-time value. The same form also handles splicing syntax classes. Syntax classes with the #:no-delimit-cut option cannot be reified.

( reified-syntax-class? x) → boolean?
x : any/c

( reified-splicing-syntax-class? x) → boolean?
x : any/c

Returns #t if x is a reified (normal) syntax class or a reified splicing syntax class, respectively.

( reified-syntax-class-attributes r)
→ ( listof ( list/c symbol? exact-nonnegative-integer? ))
r : ( or/c reified-syntax-class? reified-splicing-syntax-class? )

Returns the reified syntax class’s attributes.

( reified-syntax-class-arity r) → procedure-arity?
r : ( or/c reified-syntax-class? reified-splicing-syntax-class? )

( reified-syntax-class-keywords r)

→

( listof keyword? ) |  | ( listof keyword? )

r : ( or/c reified-syntax-class? reified-splicing-syntax-class? )

Returns the reified syntax class’s arity and keywords, respectively. Compare with procedure-arity and procedure-keywords.

( reified-syntax-class-curry |  | r |
|  | arg ... |
|  | #:<kw> kw-arg ...) |

→ ( or/c reified-syntax-class? reified-splicing-syntax-class? )
r : ( or/c reified-syntax-class? reified-splicing-syntax-class? )
arg : any/c
kw-arg : any/c

Partially applies the reified syntax class to the given arguments. If more arguments are given than the reified syntax class accepts, an error is raised.

S-pattern |  | = |  | ....
|  | | |  | ( ~reflect var-id (reified-expr arg-expr ...) maybe-attrs)
H-pattern |  | = |  | ....

|

( ~splicing-reflect var-id (reified-expr arg-expr ...)
maybe-attrs)

> ( ~reflect var-id (reified-expr arg-expr ...) maybe-attrs)

> maybe-attrs

> =

> |  | | |  | #:attributes (attr-arity-decl ...)

> Like ~var, except that the syntax class position is an expression evaluating to a reified syntax object, not a syntax class name, and the attributes bound by the reified syntax class (if any) must be specified explicitly.

> ( ~splicing-reflect var-id (reified-expr arg-expr ...) maybe-attrs)

> Like ~reflect but for reified splicing syntax classes.

Examples:

> ( define-syntax-class (nat> x)
#:description ( format "natural number greater than ~s" x)
#:attributes (diff)
( pattern n:nat
#:when ( > ( syntax-e #'n) x)
#:with diff ( - ( syntax-e #'n) x)))

> ( define-syntax-class (nat/mult x)
#:description ( format "natural number multiple of ~s" x)
#:attributes (quot)
( pattern n:nat
#:when ( zero? ( remainder ( syntax-e #'n) x))
#:with quot ( quotient ( syntax-e #'n) x)))

> ( define r-nat> ( reify-syntax-class nat>))
> ( define r-nat/mult ( reify-syntax-class nat/mult))

> ( define (partition/r stx r n)
( syntax-parse stx
[(( ~or ( ~reflect yes (r n)) no) ... )
#'((yes ... ) (no ... ))]))

> (partition/r #'(1 2 3 4 5) r-nat> 3)
#<syntax:6:0 ((4 5) (1 2 3))>
> (partition/r #'(1 2 3 4 5) r-nat/mult 2)
#<syntax:6:0 ((2 4) (1 3 5))>

> ( define (bad-attrs r)
( syntax-parse #'6
[( ~reflect x (r 3) #:attributes (diff))
#'x.diff]))

> (bad-attrs r-nat>)
#<syntax 3>
> (bad-attrs r-nat/mult)
reflect-syntax-class: reified syntax-class is missing
declared attribute `diff'

##### 8.9.4`` Procedural splicing syntax classes

( require syntax/parse/experimental/splicing )

( define-primitive-splicing-syntax-class (name-id param-id ...)
maybe-description maybe-attrs
parser-expr)

parser

:

( -> syntax?
( ->* () (( or/c string? #f) -> any ))
( cons/c exact-positive-integer? list? ))

Defines a splicing syntax via a procedural parser.

The parser procedure is given two arguments, the syntax to parse and a failure procedure. To signal a successful parse, the parser procedure returns a list of N+1 elements, where N is the number of attributes declared by the splicing syntax class. The first element is the size of the prefix consumed. The rest of the list contains the values of the attributes.

To indicate failure, the parser calls the failure procedure with an optional message argument.

##### 8.9.5`` Ellipsis-head alternative sets

( require syntax/parse/experimental/eh )

Unlike single-term patterns and head patterns, ellipsis-head patterns cannot be encapsulated by syntax classes, since they describe not only sets of terms but also repetition constraints.

This module provides ellipsis-head alternative sets, reusable encapsulations of ellipsis-head patterns.

( define-eh-alternative-set name eh-alternative ...)

alternative |  | = |  | ( pattern EH-pattern)

Defines name as an ellipsis-head alternative set. Using name (via ~eh-var) in an ellipsis-head pattern is equivalent to including each of the alternatives in the pattern via ~oreh, except that the attributes bound by the alternatives are prefixed with the name given to ~eh-var.

Unlike syntax classes, ellipsis-head alternative sets must be defined before they are referenced.

EH-pattern |  | = |  | ....
|  | | |  | ( ~eh-var name eh-alternative-set-id)

> ( ~eh-var name eh-alternative-set-id)

> Includes the alternatives of eh-alternative-set-id, prefixing their attributes with name.

Examples:

> ( define-eh-alternative-set options
( pattern ( ~once ( ~seq #:a a:expr) #:name "#:a option"))
( pattern ( ~seq #:b b:expr)))

> ( define (parse/options stx)
( syntax-parse stx
[( _ ( ~eh-var s options) ... )
#'(s.a (s.b ... ))]))

> (parse/options #'(m #:a 1 #:b 2 #:b 3))
#<syntax:13:0 (1 (2 3))>
> (parse/options #'(m #:a 1 #:a 2))
m: too many occurrences of #:a option at: ()

> ( define (parse/more-options stx)
( syntax-parse stx
[( _ ( ~or ( ~eh-var s options)
( ~seq #:c c1:expr c2:expr))
... )
#'(s.a (s.b ... ) ((c1 c2) ... ))]))

> (parse/more-options #'(m #:a 1 #:b 2 #:c 3 4 #:c 5 6))
#<syntax:16:0 (1 (2) ((3 4) (5 6)))>

> ( define-eh-alternative-set ext-options
( pattern ( ~eh-var s options))
( pattern ( ~seq #:c c1 c2)))

> ( syntax-parse #'(m #:a 1 #:b 2 #:c 3 4 #:c 5 6)
[( _ ( ~eh-var x ext-options) ... )
#'(x.s.a (x.s.b ... ) ((x.c1 x.c2) ... ))])

#<syntax:19:0 (1 (2) ((3 4) (5 6)))>

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