          [[user@]host [port]] [user@]host:[path][/] [file:///path]
          [ftp://[user[:password]@]host[:port]/path[/]]
          [http://[user[:password]@]host[:port]/path] [...]
          -u url file [...]

## DESCRIPTION

         ftp is the user interface to the Internet standard File Transfer Proto
         col.  The program allows a user to transfer files to and from a remote
         network site.

         The last five arguments will fetch a file using the FTP or HTTP proto
         cols, or by direct copying, into the current directory.  This is ideal
         for scripts.  Refer to AUTO-FETCHING FILES below for more information.

         Options may be specified at the command line, or to the command inter
         preter.

         -A       Force active mode ftp.  By default, ftp will try to use passive
                  mode ftp and fall back to active mode if passive is not sup
                  ported by the server.  This option causes ftp to always use an
                  active connection.  It is only useful for connecting to very old
                  servers that do not implement passive mode properly.

         -a       Causes ftp to bypass normal login procedure, and use an anony
                  mous login instead.

         -d       Enables debugging.

         -e       Disables command line editing.  This is useful for Emacs ange-
                  ftp mode.

         -f       Forces a cache reload for transfers that go through the FTP or
                  HTTP proxies.

         -g       Disables file name globbing.

         -i       Turns off interactive prompting during multiple file transfers.

         -n       Restrains ftp from attempting ``auto-login'' upon initial con
                  nection.  If auto-login is enabled, ftp will check the .netrc
                  (see below) file in the user's home directory for an entry
                  describing an account on the remote machine.  If no entry
                  exists, ftp will prompt for the remote machine login name
                  (default is the user identity on the local machine), and, if
                  necessary, prompt for a password and an account with which to
                  login.

         -o output
                  When auto-fetching files, save the contents in output.  output
                  is parsed according to the FILE NAMING CONVENTIONS below.  If
                  output is not `-' or doesn't start with `|', then only the first
                  file specified will be retrieved into output; all other files

         -t       Enables packet tracing.

         -T direction,maximum[,increment]
                  Set the maximum transfer rate for direction to maximum
                  bytes/second, and if specified, the increment to increment
                  bytes/second.  Refer to rate for more information.

         -u url file [...]
                  Upload files on the command line to url where url is one of the
                  ftp URL types as supported by auto-fetch (with an optional tar
                  get filename for single file uploads), and file is one or more
                  local files to be uploaded.

         -v       Enable verbose and progress.  This is the default if output is
                  to a terminal (and in the case of progress, ftp is the fore
                  ground process).  Forces ftp to show all responses from the
                  remote server, as well as report on data transfer statistics.

         -V       Disable verbose and progress, overriding the default of enabled
                  when output is to a terminal.

         The client host with which ftp is to communicate may be specified on the
         command line.  If this is done, ftp will immediately attempt to establish
         a connection to an FTP server on that host; otherwise, ftp will enter its
         command interpreter and await instructions from the user.  When ftp is
         awaiting commands from the user the prompt `ftp>' is provided to the
         user.  The following commands are recognized by ftp:

         ! [command [args]]
                     Invoke an interactive shell on the local machine.  If there
                     are arguments, the first is taken to be a command to execute
                     directly, with the rest of the arguments as its arguments.

         $ macro-name [args]
                     Execute the macro macro-name that was defined with the macdef
                     command.  Arguments are passed to the macro unglobbed.

         account [passwd]
                     Supply a supplemental password required by a remote system
                     for access to resources once a login has been successfully
                     completed.  If no argument is included, the user will be
                     prompted for an account password in a non-echoing input mode.

         append local-file [remote-file]
                     Append a local file to a file on the remote machine.  If
                     remote-file is left unspecified, the local file name is used
                     in naming the remote file after being altered by any ntrans
                     or nmap setting.  File transfer uses the current settings for
                     type, format, mode, and structure.

         ascii       Set the file transfer type to network ASCII.  This is the
                     default type.

         cd remote-directory
                     Change the working directory on the remote machine to
                     remote-directory.

         cdup        Change the remote machine working directory to the parent of
                     the current remote machine working directory.

         chmod mode remote-file
                     Change the permission modes of the file remote-file on the
                     remote system to mode.

         close       Terminate the FTP session with the remote server, and return
                     to the command interpreter.  Any defined macros are erased.

         cr          Toggle carriage return stripping during ascii type file
                     retrieval.  Records are denoted by a carriage return/linefeed
                     sequence during ascii type file transfer.  When cr is on (the
                     default), carriage returns are stripped from this sequence to
                     conform with the UNIX single linefeed record delimiter.
                     Records on non-UNIX remote systems may contain single line
                     feeds; when an ascii type transfer is made, these linefeeds
                     may be distinguished from a record delimiter only when cr is
                     off.

         debug [debug-value]
                     Toggle debugging mode.  If an optional debug-value is speci
                     fied it is used to set the debugging level.  When debugging
                     is on, ftp prints each command sent to the remote machine,
                     preceded by the string `-->'

         delete remote-file
                     Delete the file remote-file on the remote machine.

         dir [remote-path [local-file]]
                     Print a listing of the contents of a directory on the remote
                     machine.  The listing includes any system-dependent informa
                     tion that the server chooses to include; for example, most
                     UNIX systems will produce output from the command `ls -l'.
                     If remote-path is left unspecified, the current working
                     directory is used.  If interactive prompting is on, ftp will
                     prompt the user to verify that the last argument is indeed
                     the target local file for receiving dir output.  If no local
                     file is specified, or if local-file is `-', the output is
                     sent to the terminal.

         disconnect  A synonym for close.

         edit        Toggle command line editing, and context sensitive command
                     and file completion.  This is automatically enabled if input
                     is from a terminal, and disabled otherwise.

                     per filename.

         form format
                     Set the file transfer form to format.  The default format is
                     ``file''.

         ftp host [port]
                     A synonym for open.

         gate [host [port]]
                     Toggle gate-ftp mode, which used to connect through the TIS
                     FWTK and Gauntlet ftp proxies.  This will not be permitted if
                     the gate-ftp server hasn't been set (either explicitly by the
                     user, or from the FTPSERVER environment variable).  If host
                     is given, then gate-ftp mode will be enabled, and the gate-
                     ftp server will be set to host.  If port is also given, that
                     will be used as the port to connect to on the gate-ftp
                     server.

         get remote-file [local-file]
                     Retrieve the remote-file and store it on the local machine.
                     If the local file name is not specified, it is given the same
                     name it has on the remote machine, subject to alteration by
                     the current case, ntrans, and nmap settings.  The current
                     settings for type, form, mode, and structure are used while
                     transferring the file.

         glob        Toggle filename expansion for mdelete, mget and mput.  If
                     globbing is turned off with glob, the file name arguments are
                     taken literally and not expanded.  Globbing for mput is done
                     as in csh(1).  For mdelete and mget, each remote file name is
                     expanded separately on the remote machine and the lists are
                     not merged.  Expansion of a directory name is likely to be
                     different from expansion of the name of an ordinary file: the
                     exact result depends on the foreign operating system and ftp
                     server, and can be previewed by doing `mls remote-files -'
                     Note: mget and mput are not meant to transfer entire direc
                     tory subtrees of files.  That can be done by transferring a
                     tar(1) archive of the subtree (in binary mode).

         hash [size]
                     Toggle hash-sign (``#'') printing for each data block trans
                     ferred.  The size of a data block defaults to 1024 bytes.
                     This can be changed by specifying size in bytes.  Enabling
                     hash disables progress.

         help [command]
                     Print an informative message about the meaning of command.
                     If no argument is given, ftp prints a list of the known com
                     mands.

         idle [seconds]
                     pager option.

         lpwd        Print the working directory on the local machine.

         ls [remote-path [local-file]]
                     A synonym for dir.

         macdef macro-name
                     Define a macro.  Subsequent lines are stored as the macro
                     macro-name; a null line (consecutive newline characters in a
                     file or carriage returns from the terminal) terminates macro
                     input mode.  There is a limit of 16 macros and 4096 total
                     characters in all defined macros.  Macros remain defined
                     until a close command is executed.  The macro processor
                     interprets `$' and `\' as special characters.  A `$' followed
                     by a number (or numbers) is replaced by the corresponding
                     argument on the macro invocation command line.  A `$' fol
                     lowed by an `i' signals that macro processor that the execut
                     ing macro is to be looped.  On the first pass `$i' is
                     replaced by the first argument on the macro invocation com
                     mand line, on the second pass it is replaced by the second
                     argument, and so on.  A `\' followed by any character is
                     replaced by that character.  Use the `\' to prevent special
                     treatment of the `$'.

         mdelete [remote-files]
                     Delete the remote-files on the remote machine.

         mdir remote-files local-file
                     Like dir, except multiple remote files may be specified.  If
                     interactive prompting is on, ftp will prompt the user to ver
                     ify that the last argument is indeed the target local file
                     for receiving mdir output.

         mget remote-files
                     Expand the remote-files on the remote machine and do a get
                     for each file name thus produced.  See glob for details on
                     the filename expansion.  Resulting file names will then be
                     processed according to case, ntrans, and nmap settings.
                     Files are transferred into the local working directory, which
                     can be changed with `lcd directory'; new local directories
                     can be created with `! mkdir directory'.

         mkdir directory-name
                     Make a directory on the remote machine.

         mls remote-files local-file
                     Like ls, except multiple remote files may be specified, and
                     the local-file must be specified.  If interactive prompting
                     is on, ftp will prompt the user to verify that the last argu
                     ment is indeed the target local file for receiving mls out
                     put.
                     Set the file transfer mode to mode-name.  The default mode is
                     ``stream'' mode.

         modtime remote-file
                     Show the last modification time of the file on the remote
                     machine.

         more file   A synonym for page.

         mput local-files
                     Expand wild cards in the list of local files given as argu
                     ments and do a put for each file in the resulting list.  See
                     glob for details of filename expansion.  Resulting file names
                     will then be processed according to ntrans and nmap settings.

         msend local-files
                     A synonym for mput.

         newer remote-file [local-file]
                     Get the file only if the modification time of the remote file
                     is more recent that the file on the current system.  If the
                     file does not exist on the current system, the remote file is
                     considered newer.  Otherwise, this command is identical to
                     get.

         nlist [remote-path [local-file]]
                     A synonym for ls.

         nmap [inpattern outpattern]
                     Set or unset the filename mapping mechanism.  If no arguments
                     are specified, the filename mapping mechanism is unset.  If
                     arguments are specified, remote filenames are mapped during
                     mput commands and put commands issued without a specified
                     remote target filename.  If arguments are specified, local
                     filenames are mapped during mget commands and get commands
                     issued without a specified local target filename.  This com
                     mand is useful when connecting to a non-UNIX remote computer
                     with different file naming conventions or practices.  The
                     mapping follows the pattern set by inpattern and outpattern.
                     [Inpattern] is a template for incoming filenames (which may
                     have already been processed according to the ntrans and case
                     settings).  Variable templating is accomplished by including
                     the sequences `$1', `$2', ..., `$9' in inpattern.  Use `\' to
                     prevent this special treatment of the `$' character.  All
                     other characters are treated literally, and are used to
                     determine the nmap [inpattern] variable values.  For example,
                     given inpattern $1.$2 and the remote file name "mydata.data",
                     $1 would have the value "mydata", and $2 would have the value
                     "data".  The outpattern determines the resulting mapped file
                     name.  The sequences `$1', `$2', ...., `$9' are replaced by
                     any value resulting from the inpattern template.  The
                     sequence `$0' is replace by the original filename.  Addition

         ntrans [inchars [outchars]]
                     Set or unset the filename character translation mechanism.
                     If no arguments are specified, the filename character trans
                     lation mechanism is unset.  If arguments are specified, char
                     acters in remote filenames are translated during mput com
                     mands and put commands issued without a specified remote tar
                     get filename.  If arguments are specified, characters in
                     local filenames are translated during mget commands and get
                     commands issued without a specified local target filename.
                     This command is useful when connecting to a non-UNIX remote
                     computer with different file naming conventions or practices.
                     Characters in a filename matching a character in inchars are
                     replaced with the corresponding character in outchars.  If
                     the character's position in inchars is longer than the length
                     of outchars, the character is deleted from the file name.

         open host [port]
                     Establish a connection to the specified host FTP server.  An
                     optional port number may be supplied, in which case, ftp will
                     attempt to contact an FTP server at that port.  If the
                     auto-login option is on (default), ftp will also attempt to
                     automatically log the user in to the FTP server (see below).

         page file   Retrieve file and display with the program specified by the
                     set pager option.

         passive [auto]
                     Toggle passive mode (if no arguments are given).  If auto is
                     given, act as if FTPMODE is set to `auto'.  If passive mode
                     is turned on (default), ftp will send a PASV command for all
                     data connections instead of a PORT command.  The PASV command
                     requests that the remote server open a port for the data con
                     nection and return the address of that port.  The remote
                     server listens on that port and the client connects to it.
                     When using the more traditional PORT command, the client lis
                     tens on a port and sends that address to the remote server,
                     who connects back to it.  Passive mode is useful when using
                     ftp through a gateway router or host that controls the direc
                     tionality of traffic.  (Note that though FTP servers are
                     required to support the PASV command by RFC 1123, some do
                     not.)

         pdir [remote-path]
                     Perform dir [remote-path], and display the result with the
                     program specified by the set pager option.

         pls [remote-path]
                     Perform ls [remote-path], and display the result with the
                     program specified by the set pager option.

         pmlsd [remote-path]
                     Perform mlsd [remote-path], and display the result with the
                     and any mdelete will delete all files.

                     When prompting is on, the following commands are available at
                     a prompt:

                           a   Answer `yes' to the current file, and automatically
                               answer `yes' to any remaining files for the current
                               command.

                           n   Answer `no', and do not transfer the file.

                           p   Answer `yes' to the current file, and turn off
                               prompt mode (as is ``prompt off'' had been given).

                           q   Terminate the current operation.

                           y   Answer `yes', and transfer the file.

                           ?   Display a help message.

                     Any other reponse will answer `yes' to the current file.

         proxy ftp-command
                     Execute an ftp command on a secondary control connection.
                     This command allows simultaneous connection to two remote FTP
                     servers for transferring files between the two servers.  The
                     first proxy command should be an open, to establish the sec
                     ondary control connection.  Enter the command "proxy ?" to
                     see other FTP commands executable on the secondary connec
                     tion.  The following commands behave differently when pref
                     aced by proxy: open will not define new macros during the
                     auto-login process, close will not erase existing macro defi
                     nitions, get and mget transfer files from the host on the
                     primary control connection to the host on the secondary con
                     trol connection, and put, mput, and append transfer files
                     from the host on the secondary control connection to the host
                     on the primary control connection.  Third party file trans
                     fers depend upon support of the FTP protocol PASV command by
                     the server on the secondary control connection.

         put local-file [remote-file]
                     Store a local file on the remote machine.  If remote-file is
                     left unspecified, the local file name is used after process
                     ing according to any ntrans or nmap settings in naming the
                     remote file.  File transfer uses the current settings for
                     type, format, mode, and structure.

         pwd         Print the name of the current working directory on the remote
                     machine.

         quit        A synonym for bye.

                     (default: 1024) each time a given signal is received:

                           SIGUSR1  Increment maximum by increment bytes.

                           SIGUSR2  Decrement maximum by increment bytes.  The
                                    result must be a positive number.

                     If maximum is not supplied, the current throttle rates are
                     displayed.

                     Note: rate is not yet implemented for ascii mode transfers.

         rcvbuf size
                     Set the size of the socket receive buffer to size.

         recv remote-file [local-file]
                     A synonym for get.

         reget remote-file [local-file]
                     reget acts like get, except that if local-file exists and is
                     smaller than remote-file, local-file is presumed to be a par
                     tially transferred copy of remote-file and the transfer is
                     continued from the apparent point of failure.  This command
                     is useful when transferring very large files over networks
                     that are prone to dropping connections.

         remopts command [command-options]
                     Set options on the remote FTP server for command to
                     command-options (whose absence is handled on a command-spe
                     cific basis).  Remote FTP commands known to support options
                     include: `MLST' (used for MLSD and MLST).

         rename [from [to]]
                     Rename the file from on the remote machine, to the file to.

         reset       Clear reply queue.  This command re-synchronizes com
                     mand/reply sequencing with the remote FTP server.  Resynchro
                     nization may be necessary following a violation of the FTP
                     protocol by the remote server.

         restart marker
                     Restart the immediately following get or put at the indicated
                     marker.  On UNIX systems, marker is usually a byte offset
                     into the file.

         rhelp [command-name]
                     Request help from the remote FTP server.  If a command-name
                     is specified it is supplied to the server as well.

         rmdir directory-name
                     Delete a directory on the remote machine.

                     below).  The default value is off.

         send local-file [remote-file]
                     A synonym for put.

         sendport    Toggle the use of PORT commands.  By default, ftp will
                     attempt to use a PORT command when establishing a connection
                     for each data transfer.  The use of PORT commands can prevent
                     delays when performing multiple file transfers.  If the PORT
                     command fails, ftp will use the default data port.  When the
                     use of PORT commands is disabled, no attempt will be made to
                     use PORT commands for each data transfer.  This is useful for
                     certain FTP implementations which do ignore PORT commands
                     but, incorrectly, indicate they've been accepted.

         set [option value]
                     Set option to value.  If option and value are not given, dis
                     play all of the options and their values.  The currently sup
                     ported options are:

                           anonpass    Defaults to $FTPANONPASS

                           ftp_proxy   Defaults to $ftp_proxy.

                           http_proxy  Defaults to $http_proxy.

                           no_proxy    Defaults to $no_proxy.

                           pager       Defaults to $PAGER.

                           prompt      Defaults to $FTPPROMPT.

                           rprompt     Defaults to $FTPRPROMPT.

         size remote-file
                     Return size of remote-file on remote machine.

         sndbuf size
                     Set the size of the socket send buffer to size.

         site arg1 arg2 ...
                     The arguments specified are sent, verbatim, to the remote FTP
                     server as a SITE command.

         status      Show the current status of ftp.

         struct struct-name
                     Set the file transfer structure to struct-name.  By default
                     ``stream'' structure is used.

         sunique     Toggle storing of files on remote machine under unique file
                     names.  The remote FTP server must support FTP protocol STOU
                     Set the file transfer type to type-name.  If no type is spec
                     ified, the current type is printed.  The default type is net
                     work ASCII.

         umask [newmask]
                     Set the default umask on the remote server to newmask.  If
                     newmask is omitted, the current umask is printed.

         unset option
                     Unset option.  Refer to set for more information.

         usage command
                     Print the usage message for command.

         user user-name [password [account]]
                     Identify yourself to the remote FTP server.  If the password
                     is not specified and the server requires it, ftp will prompt
                     the user for it (after disabling local echo).  If an account
                     field is not specified, and the FTP server requires it, the
                     user will be prompted for it.  If an account field is speci
                     fied, an account command will be relayed to the remote server
                     after the login sequence is completed if the remote server
                     did not require it for logging in.  Unless ftp is invoked
                     with ``auto-login'' disabled, this process is done automati
                     cally on initial connection to the FTP server.

         verbose     Toggle verbose mode.  In verbose mode, all responses from the
                     FTP server are displayed to the user.  In addition, if ver
                     bose is on, when a file transfer completes, statistics
                     regarding the efficiency of the transfer are reported.  By
                     default, verbose is on.

         xferbuf size
                     Set the size of the socket send and receive buffers to size.

         ? [command]
                     A synonym for help.

         Command arguments which have embedded spaces may be quoted with quote `"'
         marks.

         Commands which toggle settings can take an explicit on or off argument to
         force the setting appropriately.

         Commands which take a byte count as an argument (e.g., hash, rate, and
         xferbuf) support an optional suffix on the argument which changes the
         interpretation of the argument.  Supported suffixes are:
               b    Causes no modification. (Optional)
               k    Kilo; multiply the argument by 1024
               m    Mega; multiply the argument by 1048576
               g    Giga; multiply the argument by 1073741824

               If path contains a glob character and globbing is enabled, (see
               glob), then the equivalent of `mget path' is performed.

               If the directory component of path contains no globbing characters,
               it is stored locally with the name basename (see basename(1)) of
               path, in the current directory.  Otherwise, the full remote name is
               used as the local name, relative to the local root directory.

         ftp://[user[:password]@]host[:port]/path[/][;type=X]
               An FTP URL, retrieved using the FTP protocol if set ftp_proxy isn't
               defined.  Otherwise, transfer the URL using HTTP via the proxy
               defined in set ftp_proxy.  If set ftp_proxy isn't defined and user
               is given, login as user.  In this case, use password if supplied,
               otherwise prompt the user for one.

               In order to be compliant with RFC 1738, ftp strips the leading `/'
               from path, resulting in a transfer relative from the default login
               directory of the user.  If the / directory is required, use a lead
               ing path of ``%2F''.  If a user's home directory is required (and
               the remote server supports the syntax), use a leading path of
               ``%7Euser/''.  For example, to retrieve /etc/motd from `localhost'
               as the user `myname' with the password `mypass', use
               ``ftp://myname:mypass@localhost/%2fetc/motd''

               If a suffix of `;type=A' or `;type=I' is supplied, then the trans
               fer type will take place as ascii or binary (respectively).  The
               default transfer type is binary.

         http://[user[:password]@]host[:port]/path
               An HTTP URL, retrieved using the HTTP protocol.  If set http_proxy
               is defined, it is used as a URL to an HTTP proxy server.  If HTTP
               authorisation is required to retrieve path, and `user' (and option
               ally `password') is in the URL, use them for the first attempt to
               authenticate.

         file:///path
               A local URL, copied from /path.

         Unless noted otherwise above, and -o output is not given, the file is
         stored in the current directory as the basename(1) of path.

         If a classic format or an FTP URL format has a trailing `/' or an empty
         path component, then ftp will connect to the site and cd to the directory
         given as the path, and leave the user in interactive mode ready for fur
         ther input.  This will not work if set ftp_proxy is being used.

         Direct HTTP transfers use HTTP 1.1.  Proxied FTP and HTTP transfers use
         HTTP 1.0.

         If -R is given, all auto-fetches that don't go via the FTP or HTTP prox
         ies will be restarted.  For FTP, this is implemented by using reget
         will be halted by sending an FTP protocol ABOR command to the remote
         server, and discarding any further data received.  The speed at which
         this is accomplished depends upon the remote server's support for ABOR
         processing.  If the remote server does not support the ABOR command, the
         prompt will not appear until the remote server has completed sending the
         requested file.

         If the terminal interrupt key sequence is used whilst ftp is awaiting a
         reply from the remote server for the ABOR processing, then the connection
         will be closed.  This is different from the traditional behaviour (which
         ignores the terminal interrupt during this phase), but is considered more
         useful.

## FILE NAMING CONVENTIONS

         Files specified as arguments to ftp commands are processed according to
         the following rules.

         1.   If the file name `-' is specified, the stdin (for reading) or stdout
              (for writing) is used.

         2.   If the first character of the file name is `|', the remainder of the
              argument is interpreted as a shell command.  ftp then forks a shell,
              using popen(3) with the argument supplied, and reads (writes) from
              the stdout (stdin).  If the shell command includes spaces, the argu
              ment must be quoted; e.g.  ``"| ls -lt"''.  A particularly useful
              example of this mechanism is: ``dir "" |more''.

         3.   Failing the above checks, if ``globbing'' is enabled, local file
              names are expanded according to the rules used in the csh(1); c.f.
              the glob command.  If the ftp command expects a single local file
              (e.g.  put), only the first filename generated by the "globbing"
              operation is used.

         4.   For mget commands and get commands with unspecified local file
              names, the local filename is the remote filename, which may be
              altered by a case, ntrans, or nmap setting.  The resulting filename
              may then be altered if runique is on.

         5.   For mput commands and put commands with unspecified remote file
              names, the remote filename is the local filename, which may be
              altered by a ntrans or nmap setting.  The resulting filename may
              then be altered by the remote server if sunique is on.

## FILE TRANSFER PARAMETERS

         The FTP specification specifies many parameters which may affect a file
         transfer.  The type may be one of ``ascii'', ``image'' (binary),
         ``ebcdic'', and ``local byte size'' (for PDP-10's and PDP-20's mostly).
         ftp supports the ascii and image types of file transfer, plus local byte
         size 8 for tenex mode transfers.

         ftp supports only the default values for the remaining file transfer
         parameters: mode, form, and struct.

         default   This is the same as machine name except that default matches
                   any name.  There can be only one default token, and it must be
                   after all machine tokens.  This is normally used as:

                         default login anonymous password user@site

                   thereby giving the user an automatic anonymous FTP login to
                   machines not specified in .netrc.  This can be overridden by
                   using the -n flag to disable auto-login.

         login name
                   Identify a user on the remote machine.  If this token is pre
                   sent, the auto-login process will initiate a login using the
                   specified name.

         password string
                   Supply a password.  If this token is present, the auto-login
                   process will supply the specified string if the remote server
                   requires a password as part of the login process.  Note that if
                   this token is present in the .netrc file for any user other
                   than anonymous, ftp will abort the auto-login process if the
                   .netrc is readable by anyone besides the user.

         account string
                   Supply an additional account password.  If this token is pre
                   sent, the auto-login process will supply the specified string
                   if the remote server requires an additional account password,
                   or the auto-login process will initiate an ACCT command if it
                   does not.

         macdef name
                   Define a macro.  This token functions like the ftp macdef com
                   mand functions.  A macro is defined with the specified name;
                   its contents begin with the next .netrc line and continue until
                   a blank line (consecutive new-line characters) is encountered.
                   If a macro named init is defined, it is automatically executed
                   as the last step in the auto-login process.

## COMMAND LINE EDITING

         ftp supports interactive command line editing, via the editline(3)
         library.  It is enabled with the edit command, and is enabled by default
         if input is from a tty.  Previous lines can be recalled and edited with
         the arrow keys, and other GNU Emacs-style editing keys may be used as
         well.

         The editline(3) library is configured with a .editrc file - refer to
         editrc(5) for more information.

         An extra key binding is available to ftp to provide context sensitive
         command and filename completion (including remote file completion).  To
         use this, bind a key to the editline(3) command ftp-complete.  By
                    The trailing component of the current remote working direc
                    tory, or n trailing components if a digit n is given.  If n
                    begins with `0', the number of skipped components precede the
                    trailing component(s) in the format ``/<skipped>trailing''
                    (for `%c') or ``...trailing'' (for `%.').

               %M   The remote host name.

               %m   The remote host name, up to the first `.'.

               %n   The remote user name.

               %%   A single `%'.

## ENVIRONMENT

         ftp uses the following environment variables.

         FTPANONPASS    Password to send in an anonymous FTP transfer.  Defaults
                        to ```whoami`@''.

         FTPMODE        Overrides the default operation mode.  Support values are:

                        active   active mode FTP only

                        auto     automatic determination of passive or active
                                 (this is the default)

                        gate     gate-ftp mode

                        passive  passive mode FTP only

         FTPPROMPT      Command-line prompt to use.  Defaults to ``ftp> ''.  Refer
                        to COMMAND LINE PROMPT for more information.

         FTPRPROMPT     Command-line right side prompt to use.  Defaults to ``''.
                        Refer to COMMAND LINE PROMPT for more information.

         FTPSERVER      Host to use as gate-ftp server when gate is enabled.

         FTPSERVERPORT  Port to use when connecting to gate-ftp server when gate
                        is enabled.  Default is port returned by a getservbyname()
                        lookup of ``ftpgate/tcp''.

         HOME           For default location of a .netrc file, if one exists.

         PAGER          Used by various commands to display files.  Defaults to
                        more(1) if empty or not set.

         SHELL          For default shell.

         ftp_proxy      URL of FTP proxy to use when making FTP URL requests (if
                        not defined, use the standard FTP protocol).

## SEE ALSO

         getservbyname(3), editrc(5), services(5), ftpd(8)

## STANDARDS

         ftp attempts to be compliant with RFC 959, RFC 1123, RFC 1738, RFC 2068,
         RFC 2389, RFC 2428, RFC 2732, and draft-ietf-ftpext-mlst-11.

## HISTORY

         The ftp command appeared in 4.2BSD.

         Various features such as command line editing, context sensitive command
         and file completion, dynamic progress bar, automatic fetching of files
         and URLs, modification time preservation, transfer rate throttling, con
         figurable command line prompt, and other enhancements over the standard
         BSD ftp were implemented in NetBSD 1.3 and later releases by Luke Mewburn
         <lukem@netbsd.org>.

         IPv6 support was added by the WIDE/KAME project (but may not be present
         in all non-NetBSD versions of this program, depending if the operating
         system supports IPv6 in a similar manner to KAME).

## BUGS

         Correct execution of many commands depends upon proper behavior by the
         remote server.

         An error in the treatment of carriage returns in the 4.2BSD ascii-mode
         transfer code has been corrected.  This correction may result in incor
         rect transfers of binary files to and from 4.2BSD servers using the ascii
         type.  Avoid this problem by using the binary image type.

         ftp assumes that all IPv4 mapped addresses (IPv6 addresses with a form
         like ::ffff:10.1.1.1) indicate IPv4 destinations which can be handled by
         AF_INET sockets.  However, in certain IPv6 network configurations, this
         assumption is not true.  In such an environment, IPv4 mapped addresses
         must be passed to AF_INET6 sockets directly.  For example, if your site
         uses a SIIT translator for IPv6-to-IPv4 translation, ftp is unable to
         support your configuration.

    BSD                           September 28, 2000                           BSD