## SYNOPSIS

           less -?
           less --help
           less -V
           less --version
           less [-[+]aABcCdeEfFgGiIJmMnNqQrRsSuUVwWX~]
                [-b space] [-h lines] [-j line] [-k keyfile]
                [-K character set] [-{oO} logfile]
                [-p pattern] [-P prompt] [-t tag]"
                [-T tagsfile] [-x tab,...] [-y lines] [-[z] lines]
                [-# shift] [+[+]cmd] [--] [filename]...
           (See  the OPTIONS section for alternate option syntax with
           long option names.)

## DESCRIPTION

           Less is a program similar to more (1),  but  which  allows
           backward movement in the file as well as forward movement.
           Also, less does not have to read  the  entire  input  file
           before  starting,  so  with large input files it starts up
           faster than text editors like vi (1).  Less  uses  termcap
           (or  terminfo on some systems), so it can run on a variety
           of terminals.  There is even limited support for  hardcopy
           terminals.  (On a hardcopy terminal, lines which should be
           printed at the top of  the  screen  are  prefixed  with  a
           caret.)

           Commands  are  based on both more and vi.  Commands may be
           preceded by a decimal number, called N in the descriptions
           below.  The number is used by some commands, as indicated.

## COMMANDS

           In the following descriptions, ^X  means  control-X.   ESC
           stands for the ESCAPE key; for example ESC-v means the two
           character sequence "ESCAPE", then "v".

           h or H Help: display a summary of these commands.  If  you
                  forget all the other commands, remember this one.

           SPACE or ^V or f or ^F
                  Scroll  forward  N  lines,  default one window (see
                  option -z below).  If N is  more  than  the  screen
                  size, only the final screenful is displayed.  Warn
                  ing: some systems use ^V as a  special  literaliza
                  tion character.

           z      Like  SPACE,  but if N is specified, it becomes the
                  new window size.

           ESC-SPACE
                  Like SPACE, but scrolls a full screenful,  even  if
                  option -z below).  If N is  more  than  the  screen
                  size, only the final screenful is displayed.

           w      Like  ESC-v,  but if N is specified, it becomes the
                  new window size.

           y or ^Y or ^P or k or ^K
                  Scroll backward N lines, default 1.  The  entire  N
                  lines  are  displayed,  even  if N is more than the
                  screen size.  Warning: some systems  use  ^Y  as  a
                  special job control character.

           u or ^U
                  Scroll  backward  N  lines, default one half of the
                  screen size.  If N is specified, it becomes the new
                  default for subsequent d and u commands.

           ESC-) or RIGHTARROW
                  Scroll  horizontally  right  N  characters, default
                  half the screen width (see the -#  option).   If  a
                  number  N  is specified, it becomes the default for
                  future RIGHTARROW and  LEFTARROW  commands.   While
                  the  text  is  scrolled,  it  acts as though the -S
                  option (chop lines) were in effect.

           ESC-( or LEFTARROW
                  Scroll horizontally left N characters, default half
                  the  screen width (see the -# option).  If a number
                  N is specified, it becomes the default  for  future
                  RIGHTARROW and LEFTARROW commands.

           r or ^R or ^L
                  Repaint the screen.

           R      Repaint  the screen, discarding any buffered input.
                  Useful if the file is changing while  it  is  being
                  viewed.

           F      Scroll  forward,  and  keep trying to read when the
                  end of file  is  reached.   Normally  this  command
                  would  be used when already at the end of the file.
                  It is a way to monitor the tail of a file which  is
                  growing while it is being viewed.  (The behavior is
                  similar to the "tail -f" command.)

           g or < or ESC-<
                  Go to line N in the file, default 1  (beginning  of
                  file).   (Warning: this may be slow if N is large.)

           G or > or ESC->
                  Go to line N in the file, default the  end  of  the
                  file.  (Warning: this may be slow if N is large, or

           }      If a right curly bracket appears in the bottom line
                  displayed  on  the screen, the } command will go to
                  the matching left curly bracket.  The matching left
                  curly  bracket is positioned on the top line of the
                  screen.  If there is  more  than  one  right  curly
                  bracket  on the top line, a number N may be used to
                  specify the N-th bracket on the line.

           (      Like {, but  applies  to  parentheses  rather  than
                  curly brackets.

           )      Like  },  but  applies  to  parentheses rather than
                  curly brackets.

           [      Like {, but applies to square brackets rather  than
                  curly brackets.

           ]      Like  }, but applies to square brackets rather than
                  curly brackets.

           ESC-^F Followed by two characters, acts like {,  but  uses
                  the  two  characters  as  open  and close brackets,
                  respectively.  For example, "ESC ^F < >"  could  be
                  used  to go forward to the > which matches the < in
                  the top displayed line.

           ESC-^B Followed by two characters, acts like },  but  uses
                  the  two  characters  as  open  and close brackets,
                  respectively.  For example, "ESC ^B < >"  could  be
                  used to go backward to the < which matches the > in
                  the bottom displayed line.

           m      Followed by any lowercase letter, marks the current
                  position with that letter.

           '      (Single  quote.)  Followed by any lowercase letter,
                  returns to the position which was previously marked
                  with  that  letter.   Followed  by  another  single
                  quote, returns to the position at  which  the  last
                  "large" movement command was executed.  Followed by
                  a ^ or $, jumps to the beginning or end of the file
                  respectively.   Marks are preserved when a new file
                  is examined, so the ' command can be used to switch
                  between input files.

           ^X^X   Same as single quote.

           /pattern
                  Search  forward  in the file for the N-th line con
                  taining the pattern.  N defaults to 1.  The pattern
                  is  a regular expression, as recognized by ed.  The
                  search starts at the second line displayed (but see
                         ues  in  the  next  file in the command line
                         list.

                  ^F or @
                         Begin the search at the first  line  of  the
                         FIRST file in the command line list, regard
                         less of what is currently displayed  on  the
                         screen  or  the  settings  of  the  -a or -j
                         options.

                  ^K     Highlight any text which matches the pattern
                         on the current screen, but don't move to the
                         first match (KEEP current position).

                  ^R     Don't interpret regular expression metachar
                         acters; that is, do a simple textual compar
                         ison.

           ?pattern
                  Search backward in the file for the N-th line  con
                  taining the pattern.  The search starts at the line
                  immediately before the top line displayed.

                  Certain characters are special as in the / command:

                  ^N or !
                         Search for lines which do NOT match the pat
                         tern.

                  ^E or *
                         Search multiple  files.   That  is,  if  the
                         search  reaches the beginning of the current
                         file without finding  a  match,  the  search
                         continues  in  the previous file in the com
                         mand line list.

                  ^F or @
                         Begin the search at the  last  line  of  the
                         last  file in the command line list, regard
                         less of what is currently displayed  on  the
                         screen  or  the  settings  of  the  -a or -j
                         options.

                  ^K     As in forward searches.

                  ^R     As in forward searches.

           ESC-/pattern
                  Same as "/*".

           ESC-?pattern
                  Same as "?*".

           ESC-n  Repeat previous search, but  crossing  file  bound
                  aries.   The  effect  is  as if the previous search
                  were modified by *.

           ESC-N  Repeat previous search, but in the  reverse  direc
                  tion and crossing file boundaries.

           ESC-u  Undo search highlighting.  Turn off highlighting of
                  strings matching the current  search  pattern.   If
                  highlighting  is  already off because of a previous
                  ESC-u command,  turn  highlighting  back  on.   Any
                  search command will also turn highlighting back on.
                  (Highlighting can also be disabled by toggling  the
                  -G option; in that case search commands do not turn
                  highlighting back on.)

           :e [filename]
                  Examine a new file.  If the  filename  is  missing,
                  the  "current"  file  (see  the  :n and :p commands
                  below) from the list of files in the  command  line
                  is re-examined.  A percent sign (%) in the filename
                  is replaced by the name of  the  current  file.   A
                  pound  sign (#) is replaced by the name of the pre
                  viously examined file.   However,  two  consecutive
                  percent  signs  are  simply  replaced with a single
                  percent sign.  This allows you to enter a  filename
                  that  contains  a  percent sign in the name.  Simi
                  larly, two consecutive  pound  signs  are  replaced
                  with a single pound sign.  The filename is inserted
                  into the command line list of files so that it  can
                  be  seen  by subsequent :n and :p commands.  If the
                  filename consists of several files,  they  are  all
                  inserted  into  the list of files and the first one
                  is examined.  If the filename contains one or  more
                  spaces,  the  entire filename should be enclosed in
                  double quotes (also see the -" option).

           ^X^V or E
                  Same as :e.  Warning: some systems use ^V as a spe
                  cial  literalization  character.   On such systems,
                  you may not be able to use ^V.

           :n     Examine the next file (from the list of files given
                  in  the command line).  If a number N is specified,
                  the N-th next file is examined.

           :p     Examine the previous file in the command line list.
                  If  a number N is specified, the N-th previous file
                  is examined.

           :x     Examine the first file in the  command  line  list.
                  viewed, including its name and the line number  and
                  byte offset of the bottom line being displayed.  If
                  possible, it also prints the length  of  the  file,
                  the  number of lines in the file and the percent of
                  the file above the last displayed line.

           @      Rotate the code recognition method of  the  current
                  file.  Enhanced less has 7 methods for recognition,
                  default (which is chosen by the JLESSCHARSET  envi
                  ronment  variable),  japanese,  ujis,  sjis,  iso8,
                  noconv and none.

           -      Followed by one of the command line option  letters
                  (see  OPTIONS  below), this will change the setting
                  of that option and print a message  describing  the
                  new  setting.  If a ^P (CONTROL-P) is entered imme
                  diately after the dash, the setting of  the  option
                  is  changed  but  no  message  is  printed.  If the
                  option letter has a numeric value (such  as  -b  or
                  -h),  or  a  string value (such as -P or -t), a new
                  value may be entered after the option  letter.   If
                  no  new  value is entered, a message describing the
                  current setting is printed and nothing is  changed.

           --     Like  the  -  command, but takes a long option name
                  (see OPTIONS below) rather  than  a  single  option
                  letter.   You  must  press  RETURN after typing the
                  option name.  A ^P  immediately  after  the  second
                  dash  suppresses  printing  of a message describing
                  the new setting, as in the - command.

           -+     Followed by one of the command line option  letters
                  this  will  reset the option to its default setting
                  and print a message  describing  the  new  setting.
                  (The  "-+X" command does the same thing as "-+X" on
                  the command line.)  This does not work for  string-
                  valued options.

           --+    Like  the  -+ command, but takes a long option name
                  rather than a single option letter.

           -!     Followed by one of the command line option letters,
                  this will reset the option to the "opposite" of its
                  default setting and print a message describing  the
                  new  setting.   This  does  not work for numeric or
                  string-valued options.

           --!    Like the -! command, but takes a long  option  name
                  rather than a single option letter.

           _      (Underscore.)   Followed by one of the command line
                  option letters, this will print a message  describ

           q or Q or :q or :Q or ZZ
                  Exits less.

           The following four commands  may  or  may  not  be  valid,
           depending on your particular installation.

           v      Invokes  an  editor  to edit the current file being
                  viewed.  The editor is taken from  the  environment
                  variable  VISUAL if defined, or EDITOR if VISUAL is
                  not defined, or defaults to "vi" if neither  VISUAL
                  nor  EDITOR is defined.  See also the discussion of
                  LESSEDIT under the section on PROMPTS below.

           ! shell-command
                  Invokes a shell to run the shell-command given.   A
                  percent  sign (%) in the command is replaced by the
                  name of the current file.   A  pound  sign  (#)  is
                  replaced  by  the  name  of the previously examined
                  file.  "!!" repeats the last  shell  command.   "!"
                  with  no  shell command simply invokes a shell.  On
                  Unix systems, the shell is taken from the  environ
                  ment  variable  SHELL, or defaults to "sh".  On MS-
                  DOS and OS/2 systems, the shell is the normal  com
                  mand processor.

           | <m> shell-command
                  <m> represents any mark letter.  Pipes a section of
                  the input file to the  given  shell  command.   The
                  section  of  the  file  to  be piped is between the
                  first line on the current screen and  the  position
                  marked  by  the  letter.  <m> may also be ^ or $ to
                  indicate beginning or end of file respectively.  If
                  <m> is . or newline, the current screen is piped.

           s filename
                  Save  the  input to a file.  This only works if the
                  input is a pipe, not an ordinary file.

## OPTIONS

           Command line options are described  below.   Most  options
           may be changed while less is running, via the "-" command.

           Options are  also  taken  from  the  environment  variable
           "LESS" and "JLESS".

           Most  options  may  be given in one of two forms: either a
           dash followed by a single letter, or two  dashes  followed
           by a long option name.  A long option name may be abbrevi
           ated as long as  the  abbreviation  is  unambiguous.   For
           or if you use sh:

           LESS="-options"; export LESS

           On MS-DOS, you don't  need  the  quotes,  but  you  should
           replace  any percent signs in the options string by double
           percent signs.

           The environment variable  is  parsed  before  the  command
           line,  so command line options override the LESS and JLESS
           environment variables.  If an option appears in  the  LESS
           and  JLESS variables, it can be reset to its default value
           on the command line by beginning the command  line  option
           with "-+".

           For options like -P or -D which take a following string, a
           dollar sign ($) must be used to  signal  the  end  of  the
           string.  For example, to set two -D options on MS-DOS, you
           must have a dollar sign between them, like this:

           LESS="-Dn9.1$-Ds4.1"

           -? or --help
                  This option displays  a  summary  of  the  commands
                  accepted  by  less  (the  same  as  the h command).
                  (Depending on how your shell interprets  the  ques
                  tion  mark,  it may be necessary to quote the ques
                  tion mark, thus: "-\?".)

           -a or --search-skip-screen
                  Causes searches to start after the last  line  dis
                  played  on the screen, thus skipping all lines dis
                  played on the screen.  By default,  searches  start
                  at the second line on the screen (or after the last
                  found line; see the -j option).

           -A or --mouse-support
                  Causes less to process mouse actions  itself.  Cur
                  rently  it  works  only  in  xterm. The inspiration
                  comes from vim-6.0.

                  Cut&Paste  function  works   only   internally   by
                  default.  To access X selection you must hold SHIFT
                  key to process the mouse actions by xterm.  Or  you
                  can  install  xselection  utility  by which less is
                  able to access X selection itself.

                  Also scrolling by mouse wheel button is  supported.
                  You  must map wheel mouse action on the 4th and 5th
                  mouse button. This is done in XF86Config in Section
                  "InputDevice" by option:
                  By default, when data is read from a pipe,  buffers
                  are  allocated automatically as needed.  If a large
                  amount of data is read  from  the  pipe,  this  can
                  cause  a  large  amount  of memory to be allocated.
                  The -B option disables this automatic allocation of
                  buffers  for pipes, so that only 64K (or the amount
                  of space specified by the -b option)  is  used  for
                  the  pipe.   Warning: use of -B can result in erro
                  neous display, since only the most recently  viewed
                  part  of  the  file  is kept in memory; any earlier
                  data is lost.

           -c or --clear-screen
                  Causes full screen repaints to be painted from  the
                  top  line  down.   By default, full screen repaints
                  are done  by  scrolling  from  the  bottom  of  the
                  screen.

           -C or --CLEAR-SCREEN
                  The -C option is like -c, but the screen is cleared
                  before it is repainted.

           -d or --dumb
                  The -d option suppresses the error message normally
                  displayed  if  the terminal is dumb; that is, lacks
                  some important capability, such as the  ability  to
                  clear the screen or scroll backward.  The -d option
                  does not otherwise change the behavior of less on a
                  dumb terminal.

           -Dxcolor or --color=xcolor
                  [MS-DOS only] Sets the color of the text displayed.
                  x is a single character which selects the  type  of
                  text  whose  color is being set: n=normal, s=stand
                  out, d=bold, u=underlined,  k=blink.   color  is  a
                  pair  of  numbers separated by a period.  The first
                  number selects the foreground color and the  second
                  selects the background color of the text.  A single
                  number N is the same as N.0.

           -e or --quit-at-eof
                  Causes less to automatically exit the  second  time
                  it  reaches  end-of-file.  By default, the only way
                  to exit less is via the "q" command.

           -E or --QUIT-AT-EOF
                  Causes less to automatically exit the first time it
                  reaches end-of-file.

           -f or --force
                  Forces non-regular files to be opened.  (A non-reg
                  ular file is a directory or a device special file.)
                  than the default.

           -G or --HILITE-SEARCH
                  The   -G  option  suppresses  all  highlighting  of
                  strings found by search commands.

           -hn or ---max-back-scroll=n
                  Specifies a maximum number of lines to scroll back
                  ward.   If  it is necessary to scroll backward more
                  than n lines, the screen is repainted in a  forward
                  direction  instead.  (If the terminal does not have
                  the ability to scroll backward, -h0 is implied.)

           -i or --ignore-case
                  Causes searches to ignore case; that is,  uppercase
                  and   lowercase  are  considered  identical.   This
                  option is ignored if any uppercase  letters  appear
                  in the search pattern; in other words, if a pattern
                  contains uppercase letters, then that  search  does
                  not ignore case.

           -I or --IGNORE-CASE
                  Like  -i, but searches ignore case even if the pat
                  tern contains uppercase letters.

           -jn or --jump-target=n
                  Specifies a line on the screen where  the  "target"
                  line  is  to  be  positioned.  A target line is the
                  object of a text search, tag search, jump to a line
                  number,  jump  to  a  file percentage, or jump to a
                  marked position.  The screen line is specified by a
                  number:  the  top line on the screen is 1, the next
                  is 2, and so on.  The number  may  be  negative  to
                  specify  a  line  relative  to  the  bottom  of the
                  screen: the bottom line on the screen  is  -1,  the
                  second  to  the bottom is -2, and so on.  If the -j
                  option is used, searches begin at the line  immedi
                  ately after the target line.  For example, if "-j4"
                  is used, the target line is the fourth line on  the
                  screen,  so searches begin at the fifth line on the
                  screen.

           -J or --status-column
                  Displays a status column at the left  edge  of  the
                  screen.   The  status  column  shows the lines that
                  matched the current search.  The status  column  is
                  also used if the -w or -W option is in effect.

           -kfilename or --lesskey-file=filename
                  Causes less to open and interpret the named file as
                  a lesskey (1) file.  Multiple  -k  options  may  be
                  specified.   If the LESSKEY or LESSKEY_SYSTEM envi

           -M or --LONG-PROMPT
                  Causes less to  prompt  even  more  verbosely  than
                  more.

           -n or --line-numbers
                  Suppresses  line numbers.  The default (to use line
                  numbers) may cause less to run more slowly in  some
                  cases,  especially  with  a  very large input file.
                  Suppressing line numbers with the  -n  option  will
                  avoid  this problem.  Using line numbers means: the
                  line number will be displayed in the verbose prompt
                  and  in  the = command, and the v command will pass
                  the current line number to the editor (see also the
                  discussion of LESSEDIT in PROMPTS below).

           -N or --LINE-NUMBERS
                  Causes  a line number to be displayed at the begin
                  ning of each line in the display.

           -ofilename or --log-file=filename
                  Causes less to copy its input to the named file  as
                  it  is  being  viewed.   This applies only when the
                  input file is a pipe, not an ordinary file.  If the
                  file already exists, less will ask for confirmation
                  before overwriting it.

           -Ofilename or --LOG-FILE=filename
                  The -O option is like -o, but it will overwrite  an
                  existing file without asking for confirmation.

                  If  no  log  file has been specified, the -o and -O
                  options can be used from within less to  specify  a
                  log  file.   Without  a file name, they will simply
                  report the name of the log file.  The  "s"  command
                  is equivalent to specifying -o from within less.

           -ppattern or --pattern=pattern
                  The  -p option on the command line is equivalent to
                  specifying +/pattern; that is,  it  tells  less  to
                  start  at  the  first  occurrence of pattern in the
                  file.

           -Pprompt or --prompt=prompt
                  Provides a way to tailor the three prompt styles to
                  your own preference.  This option would normally be
                  put in the LESS and  JLESS  environment  variables,
                  rather  than being typed in with each less command.
                  Such an option must either be the  last  option  in
                  the LESS and JLESS variables, or be terminated by a
                  dollar sign.  -Ps followed by a string changes  the
                  default (short) prompt to that string.  -Pm changes
                  the medium (-m) prompt.  -PM changes the long  (-M)
                  other errors, such as typing an invalid  character.
                  The  default  is  to  ring the terminal bell in all
                  such cases.

           -Q or --QUIET or --SILENT
                  Causes totally "quiet" operation: the terminal bell
                  is never rung.

           -r or --raw-control-chars
                  Causes  "raw"  control  characters to be displayed.
                  The default is to display control characters  using
                  the caret notation; for example, a control-A (octal
                  001) is displayed as "^A".  Warning:  when  the  -r
                  option  is  used,  less  cannot  keep  track of the
                  actual appearance of the screen (since this depends
                  on  how the screen responds to each type of control
                  character).  Thus,  various  display  problems  may
                  result, such as long lines being split in the wrong
                  place.

           -R or --RAW-CONTROL-CHARS
                  Like -r, but tries to  keep  track  of  the  screen
                  appearance  where possible.  This works only if the
                  input consists of normal  text  and  possibly  some
                  ANSI  "color" escape sequences, which are sequences
                  of the form:

                       ESC [ ... m

                  where the "..." is zero or  more  characters  other
                  than  "m".   For  the  purpose  of keeping track of
                  screen appearance, all control characters  and  all
                  ANSI color escape sequences are assumed to not move
                  the cursor.  You can make less think  that  charac
                  ters  other  than  "m"  can  end  ANSI color escape
                  sequences  by  setting  the  environment   variable
                  LESSANSIENDCHARS  to  the  list of characters which
                  can end a color escape sequence.

           -s or --squeeze-blank-lines
                  Causes consecutive blank lines to be squeezed  into
                  a  single  blank line.  This is useful when viewing
                  nroff output.

           -S or --chop-long-lines
                  Causes lines longer than the  screen  width  to  be
                  chopped rather than folded.  That is, the remainder
                  of a long line is simply discarded.  The default is
                  to  fold long lines; that is, display the remainder
                  on the next line.

           -ttag or --tag=tag

           -Ttagsfile or --tag-file=tagsfile
                  Specifies a tags file to be used instead of "tags".

           -u or --underline-special
                  Causes  backspaces  and  carriage  returns  to   be
                  treated  as printable characters; that is, they are
                  sent to the terminal when they appear in the input.

           -U or --UNDERLINE-SPECIAL
                  Causes  backspaces, tabs and carriage returns to be
                  treated as control characters; that  is,  they  are
                  handled as specified by the -r option.

                  By   default,  if  neither  -u  nor  -U  is  given,
                  backspaces which appear adjacent to  an  underscore
                  character  are  treated  specially:  the underlined
                  text is displayed  using  the  terminal's  hardware
                  underlining  capability.   Also,  backspaces  which
                  appear between two identical characters are treated
                  specially: the overstruck text is printed using the
                  terminal's  hardware  boldface  capability.   Other
                  backspaces  are  deleted,  along with the preceding
                  character.  Carriage returns  immediately  followed
                  by  a  newline are deleted.  other carriage returns
                  are handled as specified by the  -r  option.   Text
                  which  is  overstruck or underlined can be searched
                  for if neither -u nor -U is in effect.

           -V or --version
                  Displays the version number of less.

           -w or --hilite-unread
                  Temporarily highlights the first "new" line after a
                  forward  movement  of a full page.  The first "new"
                  line is the line  immediately  following  the  line
                  previously at the bottom of the screen.  Also high
                  lights the target line after a g or p command.  The
                  highlight  is  removed  at  the  next command which
                  causes movement.  The entire line  is  highlighted,
                  unless  the  -J  option is in effect, in which case
                  only the status column is highlighted.

           -W or --HILITE-UNREAD
                  Like -w, but temporarily highlights the  first  new
                  line after any forward movement command larger than
                  one line.

           -XXX   Causes mark characters  to  be  used  to  represent
                  wrong  characters.   By default, such wrong charac
                  ters displayed as binary.

                  screen.

           --no-keypad
                  Disables  sending  the  keypad  initialization  and
                  deinitialization  strings to the terminal.  This is
                  sometimes useful if the  keypad  strings  make  the
                  numeric keypad behave in an undesirable manner.

           -yn or --max-forw-scroll=n
                  Specifies  a maximum number of lines to scroll for
                  ward.  If it is necessary to  scroll  forward  more
                  than n lines, the screen is repainted instead.  The
                  -c or -C option may be used to repaint from the top
                  of  the screen if desired.  By default, any forward
                  movement causes scrolling.

           -[z]n or --window=n
                  Changes the default  scrolling  window  size  to  n
                  lines.   The default is one screenful.  The z and w
                  commands can also be  used  to  change  the  window
                  size.   The  "z"  may  be omitted for compatibility
                  with more.  If the number n is negative,  it  indi
                  cates  n  lines  less than the current screen size.
                  For example, if the screen is 24 lines,  -z-4  sets
                  the scrolling window to 20 lines.  If the screen is
                  resized to 40 lines, the scrolling window automati
                  cally changes to 36 lines.

           -Z     Causes  to  give priority to the SJIS over the UJIS
                  if a "japanese" was selected  by  the  JLESSCHARSET
                  environment variable.  The default value is to give
                  priority to the UJIS over the SJIS.

           -"cc or --quotes=cc
                  Changes the filename quoting character.   This  may
                  be necessary if you are trying to name a file which
                  contains both spaces and  quote  characters.   Fol
                  lowed by a single character, this changes the quote
                  character to that character.  Filenames  containing
                  a space should then be surrounded by that character
                  rather than by  double  quotes.   Followed  by  two
                  characters,  changes  the  open  quote to the first
                  character, and the close quote to the second  char
                  acter.  Filenames containing a space should then be
                  preceded by the open quote character  and  followed
                  by the close quote character.  Note that even after
                  the  quote  characters  are  changed,  this  option
                  remains -" (a dash followed by a double quote).

           -~ or --tilde
                  Normally lines after end of file are displayed as a
                  single tilde (~).  This option causes  lines  after

           +      If a command line option begins with +, the remain
                  der of that option is taken to be an  initial  com
                  mand  to less.  For example, +G tells less to start
                  at the end of the file rather than  the  beginning,
                  and +/xyz tells it to start at the first occurrence
                  of "xyz" in the file.  As a special case, +<number>
                  acts  like  +<number>g; that is, it starts the dis
                  play at the specified line number (however, see the
                  caveat under the "g" command above).  If the option
                  starts with ++,  the  initial  command  applies  to
                  every  file  being  viewed, not just the first one.
                  The + command described previously may also be used
                  to  set  (or  change)  an initial command for every
                  file.

## LINE EDITING

           When entering command line at the  bottom  of  the  screen
           (for  example,  a filename for the :e command, or the pat
           tern for a search command), certain keys can  be  used  to
           manipulate the command line.  Most commands have an alter
           nate form in [ brackets ] which can be used if a key  does
           not  exist on a particular keyboard.  (The bracketed forms
           do not work in the MS-DOS version.)  Any of these  special
           keys  may  be  entered  literally by preceding it with the
           "literal" character, either ^V or ^A.  A backslash  itself
           may also be entered literally by entering two backslashes.

           LEFTARROW [ ESC-h ]
                  Move the cursor one space to the left.

           RIGHTARROW [ ESC-l ]
                  Move the cursor one space to the right.

           ^LEFTARROW [ ESC-b or ESC-LEFTARROW ]
                  (That is, CONTROL  and  LEFTARROW  simultaneously.)
                  Move the cursor one word to the left.

           ^RIGHTARROW [ ESC-w or ESC-RIGHTARROW ]
                  (That  is,  CONTROL and RIGHTARROW simultaneously.)
                  Move the cursor one word to the right.

           HOME [ ESC-0 ]
                  Move the cursor to the beginning of the line.

           END [ ESC-$ ]
                  Move the cursor to the end of the line.

           BACKSPACE
                  Delete the character to the left of the cursor,  or
                  cancel the command if the command line is empty.

           DOWNARROW [ ESC-j ]
                  Retrieve the next command line.

           TAB    Complete  the  partial  filename to the left of the
                  cursor.  If it matches more than one filename,  the
                  first  match  is  entered  into  the  command line.
                  Repeated TABs will cycle thru  the  other  matching
                  filenames.   If  the completed filename is a direc
                  tory, a "/" is appended to the filename.   (On  MS-
                  DOS  systems,  a "\" is appended.)  The environment
                  variable LESSSEPARATOR can be  used  to  specify  a
                  different  character to append to a directory name.

           BACKTAB [ ESC-TAB ]
                  Like, TAB, but cycles in the reverse direction thru
                  the matching filenames.

           ^L     Complete  the  partial  filename to the left of the
                  cursor.  If it matches more than one filename,  all
                  matches  are entered into the command line (if they
                  fit).

           ^U (Unix and OS/2) or ESC (MS-DOS)
                  Delete the entire command line, or cancel the  com
                  mand  if  the  command  line is empty.  If you have
                  changed your line-kill character in Unix  to  some
                  thing other than ^U, that character is used instead
                  of ^U.

## KEY BINDINGS

           You may define your own less commands by using the program
           lesskey (1) to create a lesskey file.  This file specifies
           a set of command keys and an action associated  with  each
           key.   You may also use lesskey to change the line-editing
           keys (see LINE EDITING), and to set environment variables.
           If the environment variable LESSKEY is set, less uses that
           as the name of the lesskey file.  Otherwise, less looks in
           a  standard  place  for the lesskey file: On Unix systems,
           less looks for a lesskey file  called  "$HOME/.less".   On
           MS-DOS  and Windows systems, less looks for a lesskey file
           called "$HOME/_less", and if it is not found  there,  then
           looks  for  a lesskey file called "_less" in any directory
           specified in the PATH environment variable.  On OS/2  sys
           tems,    less    looks   for   a   lesskey   file   called
           "$HOME/less.ini", and if it is not found, then looks for a
           lesskey  file called "less.ini" in any directory specified
           in the INIT environment variable,  and  if  it  not  found
           there,  then looks for a lesskey file called "less.ini" in
           any directory specified in the PATH environment  variable.
           See the lesskey manual page for more details.

## INPUT PREPROCESSOR

           You may define an "input preprocessor" for  less.   Before
           less  opens a file, it first gives your input preprocessor
           a chance to modify the way the contents of  the  file  are
           displayed.   An input preprocessor is simply an executable
           program (or shell script), which writes  the  contents  of
           the file to a different file, called the replacement file.
           The contents of the replacement file are then displayed in
           place  of  the contents of the original file.  However, it
           will appear to the user as if the original file is opened;
           that  is,  less  will display the original filename as the
           name of the current file.

           An input preprocessor receives one command line  argument,
           the  original filename, as entered by the user.  It should
           create the replacement file, and when finished, print  the
           name  of  the replacement file to its standard output.  If
           the input preprocessor does not output a replacement file
           name,  less  uses the original file, as normal.  The input
           preprocessor is not called when  viewing  standard  input.
           To set up an input preprocessor, set the LESSOPEN environ
           ment variable to a command line  which  will  invoke  your
           input  preprocessor.  This command line should include one
           occurrence of the string "%s", which will be  replaced  by
           the  filename  when  the  input  preprocessor  command  is
           invoked.

           When less closes a file opened in such a way, it will call
           another program, called the input postprocessor, which may
           perform any desired clean-up action (such as deleting  the
           replacement  file  created  by  LESSOPEN).   This  program
           receives two command line arguments, the original filename
           as  entered  by  the user, and the name of the replacement
           file.  To set up an input postprocessor, set the LESSCLOSE
           environment  variable  to a command line which will invoke
           your input postprocessor.  It may include two  occurrences
           of  the string "%s"; the first is replaced with the origi
           nal name of the file and the second with the name  of  the
           replacement file, which was output by LESSOPEN.

           For  example, on many Unix systems, these two scripts will
           allow you to keep files in compressed  format,  but  still
           let less view them directly:

           lessopen.sh:
                #! /bin/sh
                case "$1" in
                *.Z) uncompress -c $1  >/tmp/less.$$  2>/dev/null
                     if [ -s /tmp/less.$$ ]; then
                          echo /tmp/less.$$

           compressed files, and so on.

           It  is  also  possible  to set up an input preprocessor to
           pipe the file data directly to less, rather  than  putting
           the data into a replacement file.  This avoids the need to
           decompress the entire file before starting to view it.  An
           input  preprocessor that works this way is called an input
           pipe.  An input pipe, instead of writing  the  name  of  a
           replacement file on its standard output, writes the entire
           contents of the replacement file on its  standard  output.
           If  the  input  pipe  does not write any characters on its
           standard output, then there is  no  replacement  file  and
           less  uses  the original file, as normal.  To use an input
           pipe, make the first character in the LESSOPEN environment
           variable a vertical bar (|) to signify that the input pre
           processor is an input pipe.

           For example, on many Unix systems, this script  will  work
           like the previous example scripts:

           lesspipe.sh:
                #! /bin/sh
                case "$1" in
                *.Z) uncompress -c $1  2>/dev/null
                     ;;
                esac

           To  use  this  script, put it where it can be executed and
           set LESSOPEN="|lesspipe.sh %s".  When  an  input  pipe  is
           used,  a  LESSCLOSE  postprocessor  can be used, but it is
           usually not necessary since there is no  replacement  file
           to  clean  up.   In  this  case, the replacement file name
           passed to the LESSCLOSE postprocessor is "-".

## NATIONAL CHARACTER SETS

           There are three types of characters in the input file:

           normal characters
                  can be displayed directly to the screen.

           control characters
                  should not be displayed directly, but are  expected
                  to  be  found  in  ordinary  text  files  (such  as
                  backspace and tab).

           binary characters
                  should  not  be  displayed  directly  and  are  not
                  expected to be found in text files.

           A "character set" is simply a description of which charac
           ters are to be considered  normal,  control,  and  binary.
                  same as ASCII, except characters  between  160  and
                  255 are treated as normal characters.

           latin1 Same as iso8859.

           latin9 Same as iso8859.

           dos    Selects a character set appropriate for MS-DOS.

           ebcdic Selects an EBCDIC character set.

           IBM-1047
                  Selects an EBCDIC character set used by OS/390 Unix
                  Services.  This is the EBCDIC analogue  of  latin1.
                  You  get  similar  results  by setting either LESS
                  CHARSET=IBM-1047 or LC_CTYPE=en_US in your environ
                  ment.

           koi8-r Selects a Russian character set.

           next   Selects  a  character set appropriate for NeXT com
                  puters.

           utf-8  Selects the UTF-8 encoding of the ISO 10646 charac
                  ter set.

           And possible values for only JLESSCHARSET are:

           iso7   Multi  character sets with the ISO 2022 code exten
                  sion techniques in 7 bits are assumed.   Characters
                  with  values  between  128  and  255 are treated as
                  binary.  The level of  implementation  of  Less  is
                  level 3 of ISO 2022.

           iso8   Multi  character sets with the ISO 2022 code exten
                  sion techniques in 8 bits are assumed.   The  level
                  of implementation of Less is level 3 of ISO 2022.

           jis    Only Japanese character sets with the ISO 2022 code
                  extension techniques in 7 bits are assumed.

           ujis   If characters has values between 32  and  127,  the
                  ASCII character set are assumed.  If characters has
                  values between 162 and 254, the JISX 0208 character
                  set,  a  right  half of the JISX 0201 character set
                  and the JISX 0212 character set with the UJIS  cod
                  ing are assumed.  Otherwise, characters are treated
                  as binary.

           euc    Same as ujis.

           sjis   If characters has values between 32  and  127,  the

           ujis-iso7
                  The  ujis  and  iso7 are assumend.  But less output
                  only the iso7.

           euc-iso7
                  Same as ujis-iso7.

           sjis-iso7
                  The sjis and iso7 are assumend.   But  less  output
                  only the iso7.

           ujis-jis
                  The  ujis  and  jis  are assumend.  But less output
                  only the jis.

           euc-jis
                  Same as ujis-jis.

           sjis-jis
                  The sjis and jis are  assumend.   But  less  output
                  only the jis.

           jis-ujis
                  The  jis  and  ujis  are assumend.  But less output
                  only the ujis.

           jis-euc
                  Same as jis-ujis.

           jis-sjis
                  The jis and sjis are  assumend.   But  less  output
                  only the sjis.

           japanese-iso7
                  The  japanese and iso7 are assumend.  But less out
                  put only the iso7.

           japanese-jis
                  The japanese is assumend.  But less output only the
                  jis.  Same as japanese.

           japanese-ujis
                  The japanese is assumend.  But less output only the
                  ujis.

           japanese-euc
                  Same as japanese-ujis.

           japanese-sjis
                  The japanese is assumend.  But less output only the
                  sjis.

           Other  way  to  select  a character set is to use the LANG
           environment  variable.   If  it  start  with  "ja_JP"   or
           "japan",  less  read all Japanese coded characters as some
           Japanese character set, and a rest of the LANG environment
           variable specify output coding.

           The  ISO 2022 code extension techniques define 4 planes to
           display many character  sets  easy.   Default  setting  of
           planes  is selected by the JLESSPLANESET environment vari
           able.   If  the  JLESSPLANESET   vriable   is   equal   to
           "japanese",  "ujis"  or "euc", less treat g1 plane as JISX
           0208, g2 plane as JISX 0201 right half, g3 plane  as  JISX
           0212.   If  it  is  equal to "latin1", "latin2", "latin3",
           "latin4",  "greek",  "arabic",  "hebrew",  "cyrillic"   or
           "latin5",  less treat g1 plane as one of ISO 8859.  Other
           wise, less try to parse the JLESSPLANESET variable as real
           escape sequences for setting up, and "\e" in JLESSPLANESET
           is treated as escape code when parsing.

           Less understand almost all escape sequence about character
           set  in the ISO 2022 code extension techniques.  There are
           many escape sequences to select the character set.  On the
           one  hand, less output only 6 escape sequences to select a
           character set: '^[(',  '^[-',  '^[$(',  '^[$-',  '^N'  and
           '^O'.   It means less is friendly to a terminal and a ter
           minal emulator.

           And there is special "character set" for keyboard  inputs.
           The  JLESSKEYCHARSET environment variable is used for such
           purpose.  Possible values of it are equal  to  the  JLESS
           CHARSET environment variable.

           In  special cases, it may be desired to tailor less to use
           a character set other than the  ones  definable  by  LESS
           CHARSET.   In  this  case,  the environment variable LESS
           CHARDEF can be used to define a character set.  It  should
           be set to a string where each character in the string rep
           resents one character in the character set.  The character
           "."  is  used for a normal character, "c" for control, and
           "b" for binary.  A decimal number may be used for  repeti
           tion.   For  example,  "bccc4b." would mean character 0 is
           binary, 1, 2 and 3 are control, 4, 5, 6 and 7 are  binary,
           and  8 is normal.  All characters after the last are taken
           to be the same as the last, so characters  9  through  255
           would be normal.  (This is an example, and does not neces
           sarily represent any real character set.)

           This table shows the value of LESSCHARDEF which is equiva
           lent to each of the possible values for LESSCHARSET:

                ascii     8bcccbcc18b95.b

           If  that string is not found, but your system supports the
           setlocale interface, less will use setlocale to  determine
           the character set.  setlocale is controlled by setting the
           LANG or LC_CTYPE environment variables.

           Finally, if the setlocale interface is also not available,
           the default character set is latin1.

           Control  and  binary  characters are displayed in standout
           (reverse video).  Each  such  character  is  displayed  in
           caret notation if possible (e.g. ^A for control-A).  Caret
           notation is used only if inverting the 0100 bit results in
           a normal printable character.  Otherwise, the character is
           displayed as a hex number in angle brackets.  This  format
           can be changed by setting the LESSBINFMT environment vari
           able.  LESSBINFMT may begin with a "*" and  one  character
           to select the display attribute: "*k" is blinking, "*d" is
           bold, "*u" is underlined, "*s" is standout,  and  "*n"  is
           normal.   If  LESSBINFMT does not begin with a "*", normal
           attribute is assumed.  The remainder of  LESSBINFMT  is  a
           string  which may include one printf-style escape sequence
           (a % followed by x, X, o, d, etc.).  For example, if LESS
           BINFMT  is  "*u[%x]",  binary  characters are displayed in
           underlined  hexadecimal  surrounded  by   brackets.    The
           default if no LESSBINFMT is specified is "*s<%X>".

## PROMPTS

           The  -P  option  allows  you  to tailor the prompt to your
           preference.  The string given to the  -P  option  replaces
           the  specified  prompt  string.  Certain characters in the
           string are interpreted specially.  The prompt mechanism is
           rather  complicated  to provide flexibility, but the ordi
           nary user need not understand the details of  constructing
           personalized prompt strings.

           A  percent sign followed by a single character is expanded
           according to what the following character is:

           %bX    Replaced by the byte offset into the current  input
                  file.   The  b  is  followed  by a single character
                  (shown as X above) which specifies the  line  whose
                  byte  offset  is to be used.  If the character is a
                  "t", the byte offset of the top line in the display
                  is  used,  an  "m" means use the middle line, a "b"
                  means use the bottom line, a "B" means use the line
                  just after the bottom line, and a "j" means use the
                  "target" line, as specified by the -j option.

           %B     Replaced by the size of the current input file.

                  cussion of the LESSEDIT feature below.

           %f     Replaced by the name of the current input file.

           %i     Replaced by the index of the current  file  in  the
                  list of input files.

           %lX    Replaced  by the line number of a line in the input
                  file.  The line to be used is determined by the  X,
                  as with the %b option.

           %L     Replaced by the line number of the last line in the
                  input file.

           %m     Replaced by the total number of input files.

           %pX    Replaced by the  percent  into  the  current  input
                  file,  based  on  byte  offsets.   The line used is
                  determined by the X as with the %b option.

           %PX    Replaced by the  percent  into  the  current  input
                  file,  based  on  line  numbers.   The line used is
                  determined by the X as with the %b option.

           %s     Same as %B.

           %t     Causes any trailing spaces to be removed.   Usually
                  used  at the end of the string, but may appear any
                  where.

           %x     Replaced by the name of the next input file in  the
                  list.

           %K     Replaced  by the name of the last non ASCII charac
                  ter set or code set.

           If any item is unknown (for  example,  the  file  size  if
           input is a pipe), a question mark is printed instead.

           The  format  of the prompt string can be changed depending
           on certain conditions.  A question mark followed by a sin
           gle  character acts like an "IF": depending on the follow
           ing character, a condition is evaluated.  If the condition
           is  true,  any  characters following the question mark and
           condition character, up to a period, are included  in  the
           prompt.   If  the  condition is false, such characters are
           not included.  A colon appearing between the question mark
           and  the  period  can  be used to establish an "ELSE": any
           characters between the colon and the period  are  included
           in  the  string  if and only if the IF condition is false.
           Condition characters (which follow a  question  mark)  may
           be:

           ?e     True if at end-of-file.

           ?f     True  if  there  is  an input filename (that is, if
                  input is not a pipe).

           ?lX    True if the line number of the  specified  line  is
                  known.

           ?L     True  if  the  line  number of the last line in the
                  file is known.

           ?m     True if there is more than one input file.

           ?n     True if this is the first prompt  in  a  new  input
                  file.

           ?pX    True  if  the  percent into the current input file,
                  based on byte offsets, of  the  specified  line  is
                  known.

           ?PX    True  if  the  percent into the current input file,
                  based on line numbers, of  the  specified  line  is
                  known.

           ?s     Same as "?B".

           ?x     True if there is a next input file (that is, if the
                  current input file is not the last one).

           Any characters other than the special ones (question mark,
           colon,  period,  percent,  and backslash) become literally
           part of the prompt.  Any of the special characters may  be
           included  in  the  prompt literally by preceding it with a
           backslash.

           Some examples:

           ?f%f:Standard input.

           This prompt prints the filename, if known;  otherwise  the
           string "Standard input".

           ?f%f .?ltLine %lt:?pt%pt\%:?btByte %bt:-...

           This prompt would print the filename, if known.  The file
           name is followed by the line number, if  known,  otherwise
           the  percent if known, otherwise the byte offset if known.
           Otherwise, a dash is printed.  Notice  how  each  question
           mark has a matching period, and how the % after the %pt is
           included literally by escaping it with a backslash.

           ?f%f .?n?m(file %i of %m) ..?ltlines %lt-%lb?L/%L. :
                byte %bB?s/%s. .?e(END) ?x- Next\: %x.:?pB%pB\%..%t

           And here is the default message produced by the = command:

           ?f%f .?m(file %i of %m) .?ltlines %lt-%lb?L/%L. .
                byte %bB?s/%s. ?e(END) :?pB%pB\%..%t

           The  prompt  expansion  features are also used for another
           purpose: if an environment variable LESSEDIT  is  defined,
           it  is  used as the command to be executed when the v com
           mand is invoked.  The LESSEDIT string is expanded  in  the
           same  way  as  the  prompt strings.  The default value for
           LESSEDIT is:

                %E ?lm+%lm. %f

           Note that this expands to the editor name, followed by a +
           and  the  line number, followed by the file name.  If your
           editor does not accept the "+linenumber"  syntax,  or  has
           other differences in invocation syntax, the LESSEDIT vari
           able can be changed to modify this default.

## SECURITY

           When the environment variable LESSSECURE is set to 1, less
           runs  in  a  "secure" mode.  This means these features are
           disabled:

                  !      the shell command

                  |      the pipe command

                  :e     the examine command.

                  v      the editing command

                  s  -o  log files

                  -k     use of lesskey files

                  -t     use of tags files

                         metacharacters in filenames, such as *

                         filename completion (TAB, ^L)

           Less can also be compiled to be  permanently  in  "secure"
           mode.

                  window  system's  idea  of  the  screen  size takes
                  precedence over the LINES and  COLUMNS  environment
                  variables.)

           EDITOR The name of the editor (used for the v command).

           HOME   Name  of  the user's home directory (used to find a
                  lesskey file on Unix and OS/2 systems).

           HOMEDRIVE, HOMEPATH
                  Concatenation of the HOMEDRIVE and  HOMEPATH  envi
                  ronment  variables  is  the name of the user's home
                  directory if the HOME variable is not set (only  in
                  the Windows version).

           INIT   Name  of  the user's init directory (used to find a
                  lesskey file on OS/2 systems).

           LANG   Language for determining the character set.

           LC_CTYPE
                  Language for determining the character set.

           LESS   Options which are passed to less automatically.

           JLESS  same as the LESS environment variable.

           LESSANSIENDCHARS
                  Characters which are assumed to end an  ANSI  color
                  escape sequence (default "m").

           LESSBINFMT
                  Format  for  displaying  non-printable, non-control
                  characters.

           LESSCHARDEF
                  Defines a character set.

           JLESSCHARSET
                  Selects a predefined character set.

           LESSCHARSET
                  Selects a predefined character set if  JLESSCHARSET
                  is not defined.

           JLESSKEYCHARSET
                  Selects  a  predefined  character  set for keyboard
                  inputs.

           JLESSPLANESET
                  Selects a predefined plane set of the ISO 2022 code
                  extension techniques.

           LESSGLOBALTAGS
                  Name of the command used by the -t option  to  find
                  global tags.  Normally should be set to "global" if
                  your system has the global  (1)  command.   If  not
                  set, global tags are not used.

           LESSKEY
                  Name of the default lesskey(1) file.

           LESSKEY_SYSTEM
                  Name of the default system-wide lesskey(1) file.

           LESSMETACHARS
                  List  of characters which are considered "metachar
                  acters" by the shell.

           LESSMETAESCAPE
                  Prefix which less will add before each  metacharac
                  ter  in  a  command  sent  to  the shell.  If LESS
                  METAESCAPE is an empty string, commands  containing
                  metacharacters will not be passed to the shell.

           LESSOPEN
                  Command line to invoke the (optional) input-prepro
                  cessor.

           LESSSECURE
                  Runs less in "secure" mode.  See  discussion  under
                  SECURITY.

           LESSSEPARATOR
                  String  to be appended to a directory name in file
                  name completion.

           LINES  Sets the number of  lines  on  the  screen.   Takes
                  precedence  over  the  number of lines specified by
                  the TERM variable.  (But if you  have  a  windowing
                  system  which  supports TIOCGWINSZ or WIOCGETD, the
                  window system's  idea  of  the  screen  size  takes
                  precedence  over  the LINES and COLUMNS environment
                  variables.)

           PATH   User's search path (used to find a lesskey file  on
                  MS-DOS and OS/2 systems).

           SHELL  The shell used to execute the ! command, as well as
                  to expand filenames.

           TERM   The type of terminal on which less is being run.

           VISUAL The name of the editor (used for the v command).
           files may be entered into the list in an unexpected order.

           On certain older terminals (the so-called  "magic  cookie"
           terminals),  search  highlighting  will cause an erroneous
           display.  On such terminals, search highlighting  is  dis
           abled by default to avoid possible problems.

           In  certain cases, when search highlighting is enabled and
           a search pattern begins with  a  ^,  more  text  than  the
           matching  string  may  be highlighted.  (This problem does
           not occur when less is compiled to use the  POSIX  regular
           expression package.)

           When  viewing  text containing ANSI color escape sequences
           using the -R option, searching will not find text contain
           ing  an embedded escape sequence.  Also, search highlight
           ing may change the color of some of the text which follows
           the highlighted text.

           On  some systems, setlocale claims that ASCII characters 0
           thru 31 are control characters rather than binary  charac
           ters.   This  causes  less  to  treat some binary files as
           ordinary, non-binary files.  To workaround  this  problem,
           set  the  environment  variable LESSCHARSET to "ascii" (or
           whatever character set is appropriate).

           See http://www.greenwoodsoftware.com/less for  the  latest
           list of known bugs in this version of less.

## COPYRIGHT

           Copyright (C) 2002  Mark Nudelman

           less is part of the GNU project and is free software.  You
           can redistribute it and/or modify it under  the  terms  of
           either  (1) the GNU General Public License as published by
           the Free Software Foundation; or  (2)  the  Less  License.
           See  the  file  README  in  the less distribution for more
           details  regarding  redistribution.    You   should   have
           received  a  copy  of the GNU General Public License along
           with the source for less; see the file COPYING.   If  not,
           write  to  the  Free Software Foundation, 59 Temple Place,
           Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307, USA.  You  should  also
           have  received  a  copy  of the Less License; see the file
           LICENSE.

           less is distributed in the hope that it  will  be  useful,
           but  WITHOUT  ANY  WARRANTY; without even the implied war
           ranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR  PUR
           POSE.   See  the  GNU  General  Public  License  for  more
           details.

                         Version 378: 30 Sep 2002             LESS(1)