## SYNOPSIS

           openssl command [ command_opts ] [ command_args ]

           openssl [ list-standard-commands | list-message-digest-
           commands | list-cipher-commands ]

           openssl no-XXX [ arbitrary options ]

## DESCRIPTION

           OpenSSL is a cryptography toolkit implementing the Secure
           Sockets Layer (SSL v2/v3) and Transport Layer Security
           (TLS v1) network protocols and related cryptography stan
           dards required by them.

           The openssl program is a command line tool for using the
           various cryptography functions of OpenSSL's crypto library
           from the shell.  It can be used for

            o  Creation of RSA, DH and DSA key parameters
            o  Creation of X.509 certificates, CSRs and CRLs
            o  Calculation of Message Digests
            o  Encryption and Decryption with Ciphers
            o  SSL/TLS Client and Server Tests
            o  Handling of S/MIME signed or encrypted mail

## COMMAND SUMMARY

           The openssl program provides a rich variety of commands
           (command in the SYNOPSIS above), each of which often has a
           wealth of options and arguments (command_opts and com
           mand_args in the SYNOPSIS).

           The pseudo-commands list-standard-commands, list-message-
           digest-commands, and list-cipher-commands output a list
           (one entry per line) of the names of all standard com
           mands, message digest commands, or cipher commands,
           respectively, that are available in the present openssl
           utility.

           The pseudo-command no-XXX tests whether a command of the
           specified name is available.  If no command named XXX
           exists, it returns 0 (success) and prints no-XXX; other
           wise it returns 1 and prints XXX.  In both cases, the out
           put goes to stdout and nothing is printed to stderr.
           Additional command line arguments are always ignored.
           Since for each cipher there is a command of the same name,
           this provides an easy way for shell scripts to test for
           the availability of ciphers in the openssl program.
           (no-XXX is not able to detect pseudo-commands such as
           quit, list-...-commands, or no-XXX itself.)

           STANDARD COMMANDS

                     by dhparam.

           dsa       DSA Data Management.

           dsaparam  DSA Parameter Generation.

           enc       Encoding with Ciphers.

           errstr    Error Number to Error String Conversion.

           dhparam   Generation and Management of Diffie-Hellman
                     Parameters.

           gendh     Generation of Diffie-Hellman Parameters.  Obso
                     leted by dhparam.

           gendsa    Generation of DSA Parameters.

           genrsa    Generation of RSA Parameters.

           passwd    Generation of hashed passwords.

           pkcs12    PKCS#12 Data Management.

           pkcs7     PKCS#7 Data Management.

           rand      Generate pseudo-random bytes.

           req       X.509 Certificate Signing Request (CSR) Manage
                     ment.

           rsa       RSA Data Management.

           rsautl    RSA utility for signing, verification, encryp
                     tion, and decryption.

           s_client  This implements a generic SSL/TLS client which
                     can establish a transparent connection to a
                     remote server speaking SSL/TLS. It's intended
                     for testing purposes only and provides only
                     rudimentary interface functionality but inter
                     nally uses mostly all functionality of the
                     OpenSSL ssl library.

           s_server  This implements a generic SSL/TLS server which
                     accepts connections from remote clients speaking
                     SSL/TLS. It's intended for testing purposes only
                     and provides only rudimentary interface func
                     tionality but internally uses mostly all func
                     tionality of the OpenSSL ssl library.  It pro
                     vides both an own command line oriented protocol
                     for testing SSL functions and a simple HTTP

           x509      X.509 Certificate Data Management.

           MESSAGE DIGEST COMMANDS

           md2       MD2 Digest

           md5       MD5 Digest

           mdc2      MDC2 Digest

           rmd160    RMD-160 Digest

           sha       SHA Digest

           sha1      SHA-1 Digest

           ENCODING AND CIPHER COMMANDS

           base64    Base64 Encoding

           bf bf-cbc bf-cfb bf-ecb bf-ofb
                     Blowfish Cipher

           cast cast-cbc
                     CAST Cipher

           cast5-cbc cast5-cfb cast5-ecb cast5-ofb
                     CAST5 Cipher

           des des-cbc des-cfb des-ecb des-ede des-ede-cbc des-ede-
           cfb des-ede-ofb des-ofb
                     DES Cipher

           des3 desx des-ede3 des-ede3-cbc des-ede3-cfb des-ede3-ofb
                     Triple-DES Cipher

           idea idea-cbc idea-cfb idea-ecb idea-ofb
                     IDEA Cipher

           rc2 rc2-cbc rc2-cfb rc2-ecb rc2-ofb
                     RC2 Cipher

           rc4       RC4 Cipher

           rc5 rc5-cbc rc5-cfb rc5-ecb rc5-ofb
                     RC5 Cipher

## PASS PHRASE ARGUMENTS

           Several commands accept password arguments, typically
           env:var   obtain the password from the environment vari
                     able var. Since the environment of other pro
                     cesses is visible on certain platforms (e.g. ps
                     under certain Unix OSes) this option should be
                     used with caution.

           file:pathname
                     the first line of pathname is the password. If
                     the same pathname argument is supplied to
                     -passin and -passout arguments then the first
                     line will be used for the input password and the
                     next line for the output password. pathname need
                     not refer to a regular file: it could for exam
                     ple refer to a device or named pipe.

           fd:number read the password from the file descriptor num
                     ber. This can be used to send the data via a
                     pipe for example.

           stdin     read the password from standard input.

## SEE ALSO

           asn1parse(1), ca(1), config(5), crl(1), crl2pkcs7(1),
           dgst(1), dhparam(1), dsa(1), dsaparam(1), enc(1),
           gendsa(1), genrsa(1), nseq(1), openssl(1), passwd(1),
           pkcs12(1), pkcs7(1), pkcs8(1), rand(1), req(1), rsa(1),
           rsautl(1), s_client(1), s_server(1), smime(1), spkac(1),
           verify(1), version(1), x509(1), crypto(3), ssl(3)

## HISTORY

           The openssl(1) document appeared in OpenSSL 0.9.2.  The
           list-XXX-commands pseudo-commands were added in OpenSSL
           0.9.3; the no-XXX pseudo-commands were added in OpenSSL
           0.9.5a.  For notes on the availability of other commands,
           see their individual manual pages.

    0.9.6i                      2001-11-12                 OPENSSL(1)