## SYNOPSIS

           grops [ -glmv ] [ -bn ] [ -cn ] [ -wn ] [ -Fdir ] [ -Ppro
                 logue ] [ files... ]

           It is possible to have whitespace between a  command  line
           option and its parameter.

## DESCRIPTION

           grops  translates  the  output of GNU troff to PostScript.
           Normally grops should be invoked by using the  groff  com
           mand  with  a -Tps option.  (Actually, this is the default
           for groff.)  If no files are given, grops  will  read  the
           standard  input.  A filename of - will also cause grops to
           read the standard input.  PostScript output is written  to
           the  standard  output.  When grops is run by groff options
           can be passed to grops using the groff -P option.

## OPTIONS

           -bn    Workaround broken spoolers  and  previewers.   Nor
                  mally grops produces output that conforms the Docu
                  ment Structuring Conventions version 3.0.  Unfortu
                  nately  some  spoolers  and previewers can't handle
                  such output.  The value of n  controls  what  grops
                  does  to its output acceptable to such programs.  A
                  value of 0 will  cause  grops  not  to  employ  any
                  workarounds.   Add 1 if no %%BeginDocumentSetup and
                  %%EndDocumentSetup comments  should  be  generated;
                  this  is  needed  for  early versions of TranScript
                  that get confused by anything between the %%EndPro
                  log comment and the first %%Page comment.  Add 2 if
                  lines in included files beginning with  %!   should
                  be  stripped out; this is needed for Sun's pageview
                  previewer.  Add 4 if %%Page, %%Trailer  and  %%End
                  Prolog  comments should be stripped out of included
                  files; this  is  needed  for  spoolers  that  don't
                  understand  the  %%BeginDocument  and %%EndDocument
                  comments.   Add  8  if  the  first  line   of   the
                  PostScript  output  should be %!PS-Adobe-2.0 rather
                  than %!PS-Adobe-3.0;  this  is  needed  when  using
                  Sun's  Newsprint  with a printer that requires page
                  reversal.  The default value can be specified by a

                         broken n

                  command in the DESC file.   Otherwise  the  default
                  value is 0.

           -cn    Print n copies of each page.

           -g     Guess  the  page length.  This generates PostScript
                  code that guesses the page length.  The guess  will
                  be correct only if the imageable area is vertically
                  the prologue instead of the default  prologue  file
                  prologue.   This  option  overrides the environment
                  variable GROPS_PROLOGUE.

           -wn    Lines should be drawn using a thickness of n  thou
                  sandths of an em.

           -v     Print the version number.

## USAGE

           There  are  styles  called R, I, B, and BI mounted at font
           positions 1 to 4.  The fonts are grouped into families  A,
           BM,  C,  H, HN, N, P and T having members in each of these
           styles:

           AR     AvantGarde-Book

           AI     AvantGarde-BookOblique

           AB     AvantGarde-Demi

           ABI    AvantGarde-DemiOblique

           BMR    Bookman-Light

           BMI    Bookman-LightItalic

           BMB    Bookman-Demi

           BMBI   Bookman-DemiItalic

           CR     Courier

           CI     Courier-Oblique

           CB     Courier-Bold

           CBI    Courier-BoldOblique

           HR     Helvetica

           HI     Helvetica-Oblique

           HB     Helvetica-Bold

           HBI    Helvetica-BoldOblique

           HNR    Helvetica-Narrow

           HNI    Helvetica-Narrow-Oblique

           HNB    Helvetica-Narrow-Bold

           PB     Palatino-Bold

           PBI    Palatino-BoldItalic

           TR     Times-Roman

           TI     Times-Italic

           TB     Times-Bold

           TBI    Times-BoldItalic

           There is also the following font which is not a member  of
           a family:

           ZCMI   ZapfChancery-MediumItalic

           There  are  also some special fonts called SS and S.  Zapf
           Dingbats is available as ZD  and  a  reversed  version  of
           ZapfDingbats (with symbols pointing in the opposite direc
           tion) is available as ZDR; most characters in these  fonts
           are unnamed and must be accessed using \N.

           grops understands various X commands produced using the \X
           escape sequence; grops will only interpret  commands  that
           begin with a ps: tag.

           \X'ps: exec code'
                  This  executes the arbitrary PostScript commands in
                  code.  The PostScript currentpoint will be  set  to
                  the  position  of  the  \X command before executing
                  code.  The origin will be at the top left corner of
                  the  page, and y coordinates will increase down the
                  page.  A procedure u will be defined that  converts
                  groff  units  to  the  coordinate system in effect.
                  For example,

                         .nr x 1i
                         \X'ps: exec \nx u 0 rlineto stroke'

                  will draw a horizontal line one  inch  long.   code
                  may  make  changes  to  the graphics state, but any
                  changes will persist only to the end of  the  page.
                  A  dictionary  containing the definitions specified
                  by the def and mdef will be on top of  the  dictio
                  nary  stack.  If your code adds definitions to this
                  dictionary, you  should  allocate  space  for  them
                  using  \X'ps mdef n'.  Any definitions will persist
                  only until the end of the page.  If you use the  \Y
                  escape  sequence  with  an  argument  that  names a
                  macro, code can extend over  multiple  lines.   For
                  This is the same as the exec  command  except  that
                  the PostScript code is read from file name.

           \X'ps: def code'
                  Place  a PostScript definition contained in code in
                  the prologue.  There should be at most one  defini
                  tion per \X command.  Long definitions can be split
                  over several \X commands; all  the  code  arguments
                  are  simply  joined together separated by newlines.
                  The definitions are placed in a dictionary which is
                  automatically  pushed  on the dictionary stack when
                  an exec command is executed.  If  you  use  the  \Y
                  escape  sequence  with  an  argument  that  names a
                  macro, code can extend over multiple lines.

           \X'ps: mdef n code'
                  Like def, except that code may contain up to n def
                  initions.  grops needs to know how many definitions
                  code contains so that it can  create  an  appropri
                  ately  sized PostScript dictionary to contain them.

           \X'ps: import file llx lly urx ury width [ height ]'
                  Import a PostScript graphic from file.   The  argu
                  ments  llx, lly, urx, and ury give the bounding box
                  of the graphic in the default PostScript coordinate
                  system;  they  should  all be integers; llx and lly
                  are the x and y coordinates of the lower left  cor
                  ner  of  the  graphic;  urx and ury are the x and y
                  coordinates  of  the  upper  right  corner  of  the
                  graphic;  width  and  height are integers that give
                  the desired width and height in groff units of  the
                  graphic.  The graphic will be scaled so that it has
                  this width and height and translated  so  that  the
                  lower  left corner of the graphic is located at the
                  position associated with \X command.  If the height
                  argument  is omitted it will be scaled uniformly in
                  the x and y directions so that it has the specified
                  width.   Note  that  the contents of the \X command
                  are not interpreted by troff; so vertical space for
                  the  graphic  is  not  automatically added, and the
                  width and height arguments are not allowed to  have
                  attached  scaling  indicators.   If  the PostScript
                  file complies with the Adobe  Document  Structuring
                  Conventions  and  contains a %%BoundingBox comment,
                  then  the  bounding  box   can   be   automatically
                  extracted  from  within  groff  by  using  the psbb
                  request.

                  The -mps macros  (which  are  automatically  loaded
                  when  grops  is run by the groff command) include a
                  PSPIC macro which allows a  picture  to  be  easily
                  imported.  This has the format
                  The -I option causes the graphic to be indented  by
                  n.

           \X'ps: invis'
           \X'ps: endinvis'
                  No  output  will  be generated for text and drawing
                  commands that are bracketed with these \X commands.
                  These  commands  are  intended  for use when output
                  from troff will be previewed before being processed
                  with  grops;  if the previewer is unable to display
                  certain characters or other constructs, then  other
                  substitute characters or constructs can be used for
                  previewing by bracketing them with  these  \X  com
                  mands.

                  For  example,  gxditview  is  not able to display a
                  proper \(em  character  because  the  standard  X11
                  fonts  do not provide it; this problem can be over
                  come by executing the following request

                         .char \(em \X'ps: invis'\
                         \Z'\v'-.25m'\h'.05m'\D'l .9m 0'\h'.05m''\
                         \X'ps: endinvis'\(em

                  In this case, gxditview will be unable  to  display
                  the  \(em character and will draw the line, whereas
                  grops will print the \(em character and ignore  the
                  line.

           The  input  to  grops  must  be  in  the  format output by
           troff(1).  This is described in groff_out(5).  In addition
           the  device and font description files for the device used
           must meet  certain  requirements.   The  device  and  font
           description  files  supplied  for ps device meet all these
           requirements.  afmtodit(1) can  be  used  to  create  font
           files  from  AFM files.  The resolution must be an integer
           multiple of 72 times the sizescale.  The ps device uses  a
           resolution  of  72000 and a sizescale of 1000.  The device
           description file should contain a command

                  paperlength n

           which says that output should be generated which is  suit
           able  for  printing  on  a  page whose length is n machine
           units.  Each font description file must contain a command

                  internalname psname

           which says that the PostScript name of the font is psname.
           It may also contain a command

                  encoding enc_file

           to select the character, even if the  character  does  not
           have  a groff name.  Every character in the font file must
           exist in the PostScript font, and the widths given in  the
           font  file  must  match  the widths used in the PostScript
           font.  grops will assume that a  character  with  a  groff
           name  of  space  is blank (makes no marks on the page); it
           can make use of such a character to  generate  more  effi
           cient and compact PostScript output.

           grops  can  automatically  include  the downloadable fonts
           necessary to print the document.  Any  downloadable  fonts
           which  should, when required, be included by grops must be
           listed              in              the               file
           /usr/share/groff/1.17.2/font/devps/download;  this  should
           consist of lines of the form

                  font  filename

           where font is the PostScript name of the font,  and  file
           name  is  the  name of the file containing the font; lines
           beginning with # and blank lines are ignored;  fields  may
           be  separated by tabs or spaces; filename will be searched
           for using the same mechanism that is used for  groff  font
           metric  files.   The  download  file  itself  will also be
           searched for using this mechanism.

           If the file containing a  downloadable  font  or  imported
           document  conforms  to the Adobe Document Structuring Con
           ventions, then grops will interpret any  comments  in  the
           files  sufficiently  to ensure that its own output is con
           forming.  It will also supply any  needed  font  resources
           that are listed in the download file as well as any needed
           file resources.  It is also able to handle  inter-resource
           dependencies.   For example, suppose that you have a down
           loadable font called Garamond,  and  also  a  downloadable
           font  called  Garamond-Outline  which  depends on Garamond
           (typically it would be defined  to  copy  Garamond's  font
           dictionary,  and  change the PaintType), then it is neces
           sary for Garamond to be appear before Garamond-Outline  in
           the PostScript document.  grops will handle this automati
           cally provided that the downloadable font file  for  Gara
           mond-Outline indicates its dependence on Garamond by means
           of the Document Structuring Conventions,  for  example  by
           beginning with the following lines

                  %!PS-Adobe-3.0 Resource-Font
                  %%DocumentNeededResources: font Garamond
                  %%EndComments
                  %%IncludeResource: font Garamond

           In this case both Garamond and Garamond-Outline would need
           to be listed in the download file.   A  downloadable  font
                  logue  file prologue.  The option -P overrides this
                  environment variable.

## FILES

           /usr/share/groff/1.17.2/font/devps/DESC
                  Device description file.

           /usr/share/groff/1.17.2/font/devps/F
                  Font description file for font F.

           /usr/share/groff/1.17.2/font/devps/download
                  List of downloadable fonts.

           /usr/share/groff/1.17.2/font/devps/text.enc
                  Encoding used for text fonts.

           /usr/share/groff/1.17.2/tmac/ps.tmac
                  Macros for use with grops; automatically loaded  by
                  troffrc

           /usr/share/groff/1.17.2/tmac/pspic.tmac
                  Definition  of PSPIC macro, automatically loaded by
                  ps.tmac.

           /usr/share/groff/1.17.2/tmac/psold.tmac
                  Macros to disable use of characters not present  in
                  older  PostScript printers (e.g. `eth' or `thorn').

           /tmp/gropsXXXXXX
                  Temporary file.

## SEE ALSO

           afmtodit(1), groff(1),  troff(1),  psbb(1),  groff_out(5),
           groff_font(5), groff_char(7)

    Groff Version 1.17.2       27 June 2001                  GROPS(1)