# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Copyright 2009 Jaap Karssenberg <jaap.karssenberg@gmail.com>

'''Daemon IPC infrastructure parts for the zim GUI.

We rely on a daemon process spawning instances of the zim gui
and managing those instances. A new process that is stated talks
to the daemon, which talks to the actual gui instance.

Current implementation the daemon listens to a socket, so any
process can connect to it, while communication from the daemon to the
gui instances uses anonymous pipes::

  DaemonProxy --socket--> Daemon
                            |
                            |--- ChildProxy --pipe--> GtkInterface
                            |--- ChildProxy --pipe--> GtkInterface
                            |--- ChildProxy --pipe--> GtkInterface
                            ...

Of course the instances in turn can also connect to the socket of
the daemon, e.g. to spawn a new instance.

Any class can become the main application class of a child process.
In most cases this will be the GtkInterFace class which is used
to represent a single notebook window. However another example is the
DaemonTrayIcon class in the trayicon plugin which shows a single
tray icon for all open notebooks. A class for running a child process
should at least implement a "main" and a "quit" method.

Only security measure in this module is that on Unix the socket is
located within temp folder which has only access permissions for the
current user. This should make it impossible for processes running as
any other user to connect. The windows version just listens to a local
network address and is completely open to localhost. Once someone
succeeds in connecting to the socket they can call arbitrary methods
on the interface object or instantiate new processes with arbitrary
classes.


@signal: C{notebook-list-changed ()}:
emitted when it is likely the notebook list changed
'''

# NOTE: this module can not be moved to zim.gui. The reason is that
# loading gtk in the daemon process leads to errors when forking the
# process. When loading a module the parent modules are loaded as well
# and zim.gui loads gtk.


import os
import sys
import socket
import gobject
import logging
import signal
import time

from zim.fs import get_tmpdir, File
from zim.config import XDG_CACHE_HOME, json

# FUTURE: implement a DBus based subclass for usage on the Linux desktop

# TODO split this in a GUI part and a daemon part that is not GUI specific

logger = logging.getLogger('zim.daemon')


def serialize_call(func, *args, **kwargs):
	'''Returns single line encoding this function call'''
	return json.dumps((func, args, kwargs), separators=(',',':')) + '\n'

def deserialize_call(line):
	'''Returns tuple of (func, arguments, keywordargumentss)'''
	func, args, kwargs = json.loads(line)
	if kwargs:
		# get rid of unicode in keyword names
		kwargs = dict([(str(key), value) for key, value in kwargs.items()])
	return func, args, kwargs


class DaemonError(Exception):
	pass


class UnixDaemon(object):
	'''Class with code to daemonize a process on Unix'''

	pidfile = get_tmpdir().file('daemon.pid').path

	def start_daemon(self):
		self.daemonize()

	def daemonize(self):
		'''Spawn new process that is disassociated from current environment'''
		showoutput = logger.isEnabledFor(logging.INFO)

		# First fork
		pid = os.fork()
		if pid > 0:
			# return in calling process after second parent exits
			os.waitpid(pid, 0)
			return False

		# Decouple from parent environment
		os.chdir("/")
		os.setsid()
		# Do not set umask here - we want to keep that part of env

		# Second fork
		pid = os.fork()
		if pid > 0:
			# exit from second parent
			File(self.pidfile).write('%i\n' % pid)
			os._exit(0)

		# Redirect standard file descriptors
		sys.stdout.flush()
		sys.stderr.flush()
		si = file(os.devnull, 'r')
		so = file(os.devnull, 'a+')
		se = file(os.devnull, 'a+', 0)
		os.dup2(si.fileno(), sys.stdin.fileno())
		if not showoutput:
			os.dup2(so.fileno(), sys.stdout.fileno())
			os.dup2(se.fileno(), sys.stderr.fileno())

		# Run daemon in child process
		self.main()
		os.unlink(self.pidfile)
		os._exit(0)


class WindowsDaemon(object):
	'''No clean way to daemonize on windows. Instead we just spawn a new
	process.'''

	pidfile = get_tmpdir().file('daemon.pid').path

	def start_daemon(self):
		from zim import ZimCmd
		ZimCmd().spawn(args=('--daemon',))

	def daemonize(self):
		'''Daemonize current process, does not return'''
		File(self.pidfile).write('%i\n' % os.getpid())
		self.main()
		os.unlink(self.pidfile)
		os._exit(0)


class SocketDaemon(object):
	'''Makes the daemon listen for instructions from a socket'''

	# TODO common base class with the zim.www Server object ?

	def __init__(self, persistent=False):
		'''Constructor. If 'persistent' is True the daemon stays alive
		even after the last child exited. Otherwise we exit after the
		last child exits.
		'''
		self.children = []
		self.signals = {}
		self.persistent = persistent

	def main(self):
		self.start()
		signal.signal(signal.SIGPIPE, signal.SIG_IGN)
		gobject.MainLoop().run()
		self.stop()

	def start(self):
		'''Open a socket and start listening'''
		logger.info('Starting %s', self.__class__.__name__)
		logger.debug('Socket address: %s', self.socket_address)

		# open sockets for connections
		self.socket = socket.socket(self.socket_family)
		self.socket.bind(self.socket_address)
		self.socket.listen(5)

		gobject.io_add_watch(self.socket, gobject.IO_IN,
			lambda *a: self.do_accept_request())

	def stop(self):
		'''Close the socket and stop listening'''
		try:
			self.socket.close()
		except Exception, error:
			logger.error(error)
		self.socket = None

		logger.info('Stopped %s', self.__class__.__name__)

	def do_accept_request(self):
		# set up handler for new connection
		clientsocket, clientaddress = self.socket.accept() # TODO timeout ?

		rfile = clientsocket.makefile('rb')
		func, args, kwargs = deserialize_call(rfile.readline())
		rfile.close()

		try:
			handler = getattr(self, "cmd_%s" % func)
			value = handler(*args, **kwargs)
		except Exception, error:
			logger.exception('Exception in zim daemon:')
			value = ('Error', str(error))

		wfile = clientsocket.makefile('wb')
		wfile.write(json.dumps(value, separators=(',',':')) + '\n')
		wfile.flush()
		wfile.close()

		clientsocket.close()
		return True # else io watch gets deleted

	def cmd_ping(self):
		return 'Ack'

	def cmd_vivicate(self, klass, name, *args, **kwargs):
		id = (klass, name)
		child = self.get_child(id)
		if child is None:
			child = ChildProxy(klass, id, *args, **kwargs)
			self.children.append(child)
			gobject.child_watch_add(child.pid, self._on_child_exit)
			self.cmd_emit('notebook-list-changed')
		return True

	def cmd_relay(self, id, method, *args, **kwargs):
		child = self.get_child(id)
		if child:
			child.call(method, *args, **kwargs)
			return True
		else:
			return False

	def get_child(self, id):
		id = tuple(id)
		for child in self.children:
			if child.id == id:
				return child
		else:
			return None

	def cmd_relay_all(self, klass, name, *args, **kwargs):
		if klass == 'all': # special case
			children = self.children
		else:
			children = [c for c in self.children if c.id[0] == klass]

		for child in children:
			child.call(name, *args, **kwargs)

	def cmd_list_objects(self):
		return [child.id for child in self.children]

	def cmd_connect_object(self, signal, id):
		if not signal in self.signals:
			self.signals[signal] = []

		if not id in self.signals[signal]:
			self.signals[signal].append(id)

	def cmd_emit(self, signal, *args):
		if signal in self.signals:
			logger.debug('Emitting signal: %s', signal)
			handler = 'on_' + signal.replace('-', '_')
			for id in self.signals[signal]:
				child = self.get_child(id)
				if child:
					child.call(handler, *args)
		else:
			logger.debug('No such signal: %s', signal)

	def cmd_quit_if_nochild(self):
		gobject.idle_add(self._check_quit_if_nochild)
		return True

	def cmd_quit(self):
		for child in self.children:
			child.call('quit')

	def _on_child_exit(self, pid, status):
		for child in self.children:
			if child.pid == pid:
				child.close()
				self.children.remove(child)
				id = child.id
				for list in self.signals.values():
					if id in list:
						list.remove(id)
				break
		else:
			logger.warn('Child exiting that is not in our list %i', pid)

		self._check_quit_if_nochild()
		self.cmd_emit('notebook-list-changed')

	def _check_quit_if_nochild(self):
		if not self.persistent and not self.children:
			logger.info('Last instance quit - exiting daemon')
			gobject.MainLoop().quit()
			# HACK just calling MainLoop.quit()should be enough..
			self.stop()
			os.unlink(self.pidfile)
			os._exit(0)
		return False # in case we are called from event


class UnixSocketDaemon(UnixDaemon, SocketDaemon):

	if hasattr(socket, 'AF_UNIX'):
		socket_family = socket.AF_UNIX
		socket_address = get_tmpdir().file('daemon-socket').path
	else:
		socket_family = None
		socket_address = None

	def start(self):
		assert self.socket_family
		if os.path.exists(self.socket_address):
			os.remove(self.socket_address)
		SocketDaemon.start(self)


class WindowsSocketDaemon(WindowsDaemon, SocketDaemon):

	# No named sockets available on windows, need to use a network socket.
	# Let's hope nobody is using the same port number
	# Ow, and let's really hope we are running single user...

	socket_family = socket.AF_INET
	socket_address = ('localhost', 52342)
	# used an arbitrary port number - may need changing if conflicts seen


if os.name == 'posix':
	Daemon = UnixSocketDaemon
elif os.name == 'nt':
	Daemon = WindowsSocketDaemon
else:
	logger.warn('Unknown OS, assuming POSIX process semantics')


class SocketDaemonProxy(object):
	'''This class will be the main interface for dealing with the
	daemon. It wraps the socket interaction in an object interface.
	'''

	def __init__(self):
		# Start daemon if none exists
		# Determine if the daemon exists by a handshake
		# timeout on 10 seconds
		ack = None
		try:
			ack = self.ping()
		except socket.error:
			Daemon().start_daemon()
			i = 0
			while i < 10:
				try:
					ack = self.ping()
				except socket.error:
					i += 1
					time.sleep(1)
				else:
					break
		assert ack == 'Ack', 'Could not start daemon'

	def ping(self):
		'''Returns 'Ack' to test daemon interaction'''
		return self._call('ping')

	def run(self, klass, name, *args, **kwargs):
		if not self._call('vivicate', klass, name, *args, **kwargs):
			raise AssertionError, 'Call failed'
			# assert statement could be optimized away

	def get_object(self, klass, name, *args, **kwargs):
		'''Returns a proxy object for an object of klass 'klass'
		which is uniquely identified by 'name'. All other arguments
		are passed on to the object constructor if it needs to be
		created.
		'''
		self.run(klass, name, *args, **kwargs)
		return DaemonProxyObject(self, (klass, name))

	def list_objects(self):
		'''Returns a list of tuples giving the class name and
		object name of each running object.
		'''
		return map(tuple, self._call('list_objects'))

	def get_notebook(self, notebook):
		'''Returns a proxy object for a GtkInterface for notebook'''
		if isinstance(notebook, basestring):
			if notebook.startswith('zim+'): notebook = notebook[4:]
			assert notebook.startswith('file://')
			if '?' in notebook:
				logger.warn('BUG: get_notebook() called with interwiki link')
				notebook, pagename = notebook.split('?', 1)
		else:
			assert hasattr(notebook, 'uri')
			notebook = notebook.uri
		klass = 'zim.gui.GtkInterface'
		if not self._call('vivicate', klass, notebook, notebook=notebook, usedaemon=True):
			raise AssertionError, 'Call failed'
			# assert statement could be optimized away
		return DaemonProxyGtkInterfaceObject(self, (klass, notebook))

	def list_notebooks(self):
		'''Returns a list of notebook URIs for open notebooks'''
		for klass, name in self.list_objects():
			if klass == 'zim.gui.GtkInterface':
				yield name

	def connect_object(self, signal, object):
		'''Connect the current child process to a signal from the
		daemon. The object provided must be the main object in the
		child process. This object must have a method called "on_signal".
		'''
		assert isinstance(signal, basestring)
		assert not '_' in signal
		assert hasattr(object, 'zim_daemon_child_id'), \
			'This object is not the main object in the child process'
		id = object.zim_daemon_child_id
		return self._call('connect_object', signal, id) == 'Ack'

	def emit(self, signal, *args):
		'''Have the daemon emit a signal'''
		assert isinstance(signal, basestring)
		assert not '_' in signal
		return self._call('emit', signal, *args) == 'Ack'

	def quit_if_nochild(self):
		'''Have the daemon check if it should quit itself'''
		return self._call('quit_if_nochild') == 'Ack'

	def quit(self):
		'''Quit the daemon gracefully by calling 'quit()' on all
		children and waiting for them to exit.
		'''
		return self._call('quit') == 'Ack'

	def _call(self, func, *args, **kwargs):
		s = socket.socket(Daemon.socket_family)
		s.connect(Daemon.socket_address)

		line = serialize_call(func, *args, **kwargs)
		logger.debug('Sending to daemon: %s', line)

		wfile = s.makefile('wb')
		wfile.write(line + '\n')
		wfile.flush()
		wfile.close()

		rfile = s.makefile('rb')
		line = rfile.readline()
		rfile.close()

		logger.debug('Daemon replied: %s', line.strip())
		value = json.loads(line)

		if isinstance(value, list) and value[0] == 'Error':
			raise DaemonError(value[1])

		return value


DaemonProxy = SocketDaemonProxy


class DaemonProxyObject(object):
	'''This is an object that represents one of the child processes
	of the daemon to an external client.
	'''

	def __init__(self, daemonproxy, id):
		self.proxy = daemonproxy
		self.id = id

	def __getattr__(self, name):
		return lambda *a, **k: self._relay(name, *a, **k)

	def _relay(self, method, *args, **kwargs):
		return self.proxy._call('relay', self.id, method, *args, **kwargs)


class DaemonProxyGtkInterfaceObject(DaemonProxyObject):
	'''This is an object that represents one of the child processes
	of the daemon to an external client. It adds some methods
	specific for child processes of the GtkInterface class.
	'''

	@property
	def uri(self): return self.id[1]

	def present(self, page=None, geometry=None, fullscreen=None):
		'''Present a specific page and/or set window mode'''
		if page and not isinstance(page, basestring):
			assert hasattr(page, 'name')
			page = page.name
		return self._relay('present', page,
				geometry=geometry, fullscreen=fullscreen)

	def toggle_present(self):
		'''Present main window if it is not on top, but hide if it is.
		Used by the TrayIcon to toggle visibility of the window.
		'''
		return self._relay('toggle_present')

	def hide(self):
		'''Hide a specific notebook window'''
		return self._relay('hide')

	def quit(self):
		'''Quit a single notebook'''
		return self._relay('quit')


class UnixPipeProxy(object):
	'''This class wraps a child process within the daemon itself.
	It maintains a pipe to send commands to the child but has no
	direct way to get an answer from the child.
	'''

	def __init__(self, klass, id, *args, **kwargs):
		self.id = id
		self.klass = klass
		self.opts = (args, kwargs)
		self.spawn()

	def spawn(self):
		r, w = os.pipe()
		pid = os.fork()
		if pid > 0:
			# parent
			os.close(r)
			self.pipe = w
			self.pid = pid
			logger.debug('Child spawned %i %s', self.pid, self.id)
		else:
			# child
			os.close(w)
			self.pipe = r
			try:
				self._main()
			except:
				logger.exception('Error in child main:')
				os._exit(1)
			else:
				os._exit(0)

	def _main(self):
		# Main function in the child process:
		# import class module, instantiate object,
		# hook it to receive calls and run main()

		# __import__ has some quirks, see the reference manual
		modname, klassname = self.klass.rsplit('.', 1)
		mod = __import__(modname)
		for name in modname.split('.')[1:]:
			mod = getattr(mod, name)

		klassobj = getattr(mod, klassname)
		klassobj.zim_daemon_child_id = self.id
			# HACK - want this attribute set up before __init__, so we set it on the klass

		args, kwargs = self.opts
		obj = klassobj(*args, **kwargs)
		#~ print '>>> klass', klassobj
		#~ print '>>> obj', obj

		def _recieve(fd, *a):
			# For some reason things go wrong when we use fdopen().readline()
			# So writing this small readline function
			line = ''
			while not line.endswith('\n'):
				line += os.read(fd, 1)
			#~ print 'GOT %s' % line
			func, arg, karg = deserialize_call(line)
			try:
				method = getattr(obj, func)
				assert method, 'BUG: no such method %s.%s' % (obj.__class__.__name__, func)
				method(*arg, **karg)
			except:
				logger.exception('Error in child handler:')
			return True # keep listening

		gobject.io_add_watch(self.pipe, gobject.IO_IN, _recieve)
		obj.main()

	def call(self, func, *arg, **karg):
		line = serialize_call(func, *arg, **karg)
		logger.debug('Sending to child %i: %s', self.pid, line)
		os.write(self.pipe, line)

	def close(self):
		logger.debug('Child exited %i %s', self.pid, self.id)
		try:
			os.close(self.pipe)
		except IOError:
			pass


ChildProxy = UnixPipeProxy
