#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# File:         MWG.pm
#
# Description:  Metadata Working Group support
#
# Revisions:    2009/10/21 - P. Harvey Created
#
# References:   1) http://www.metadataworkinggroup.org/
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

package Image::ExifTool::MWG;

use strict;
use vars qw($VERSION);
use Image::ExifTool qw(:DataAccess :Utils);
use Image::ExifTool::Exif;

$VERSION = '1.09';

# enable MWG strict mode by default
# (causes non-standard EXIF, IPTC and XMP to be ignored)
$Image::ExifTool::MWG::strict = 1 unless defined $Image::ExifTool::MWG::strict;

sub RecoverTruncatedIPTC($$$);
sub ListToString($);
sub StringToList($$);
sub OverwriteStringList($$$$);

# MWG Composite tags
%Image::ExifTool::MWG::Composite = (
    GROUPS => { 0 => 'Composite', 1 => 'MWG', 2 => 'Image' },
    VARS => { NO_ID => 1 },
    NOTES => q{
        The Metadata Working Group (MWG) recommendations provide a set of rules to
        allow certain overlapping EXIF, IPTC and XMP tags to be reconciled when
        reading, and synchronized when writing.  The ExifTool MWG module is designed
        to aid in the implementation of these recommendations.  (See
        L<http://www.metadataworkinggroup.org/> for the complete MWG technical
        specifications.)

        The table below lists special Composite tags which are used to access other
        tags based on the MWG 2.0 recommendations.  These tags are only accessible
        when the MWG module is loaded.  The MWG module is loaded automatically by
        the exiftool application if MWG is specified as a group for any tag on the
        command line, or manually with the C<-use MWG> option.  Via the API, the MWG
        module is loaded with "C<use Image::ExifTool::MWG>".

        When reading, the value of each MWG tag is B<Derived From> the specified
        tags based on the MWG guidelines.  When writing, the appropriate associated
        tags are written.  The value of the IPTCDigest tag is updated automatically
        when the IPTC is changed if either the IPTCDigest tag didn't exist
        beforehand or its value agreed with the original IPTC digest (indicating
        that the XMP is synchronized with the IPTC).  IPTC information is written
        only if the original file contained IPTC.

        Loading the MWG module activates "strict MWG conformance mode", which has
        the effect of causing EXIF, IPTC and XMP in non-standard locations to be
        ignored when reading, as per the MWG recommendations.  Instead, a "Warning"
        tag is generated when non-standard metadata is encountered.  This feature
        may be disabled by setting C<$Image::ExifTool::MWG::strict = 0> in the
        ExifTool config file (or from your Perl script when using the API).  Note
        that the behaviour when writing is not changed:  ExifTool always creates new
        records only in the standard location, but writes new tags to any
        EXIF/IPTC/XMP records that exist.

        A complication of the specification is that although the MWG:Creator
        property may consist of multiple values, the associated EXIF tag
        (EXIF:Artist) is only a simple string.  To resolve this discrepancy the MWG
        recommends a technique which allows a list of values to be stored in a
        string by using a semicolon-space separator (with quotes around values if
        necessary).  When the MWG module is loaded, ExifTool automatically
        implements this policy and changes EXIF:Artist to a list-type tag.
    },
    Keywords => {
        Flags  => ['Writable','List'],
        Desire => {
            0 => 'IPTC:Keywords', # (64-character limit)
            1 => 'XMP-dc:Subject',
            2 => 'CurrentIPTCDigest',
            3 => 'IPTCDigest',
        },
        ValueConv => q{
            return $val[1] if not defined $val[2] or (defined $val[1] and
                             (not defined $val[3] or $val[2] eq $val[3]));
            return Image::ExifTool::MWG::RecoverTruncatedIPTC($val[0], $val[1], 64);
        },
        DelCheck   => 'Image::ExifTool::MWG::ReconcileIPTCDigest($self)',
        WriteCheck => 'Image::ExifTool::MWG::ReconcileIPTCDigest($self)',
        WriteAlso  => {
            # only write Keywords if IPTC exists (ie. set EditGroup option)
            'IPTC:Keywords'  => '$opts{EditGroup} = 1; $val',
            'XMP-dc:Subject' => '$val',
        },
    },
    Description => {
        Writable => 1,
        Desire => {
            0 => 'EXIF:ImageDescription',
            1 => 'IPTC:Caption-Abstract', # (2000-character limit)
            2 => 'XMP-dc:Description',
            3 => 'CurrentIPTCDigest',
            4 => 'IPTCDigest',
        },
        ValueConv => q{
            return $val[0] if defined $val[0] and $val[0] !~ /^ *$/;
            return $val[2] if not defined $val[3] or (defined $val[2] and
                             (not defined $val[4] or $val[3] eq $val[4]));
            return Image::ExifTool::MWG::RecoverTruncatedIPTC($val[1], $val[2], 2000);
        },
        DelCheck   => 'Image::ExifTool::MWG::ReconcileIPTCDigest($self)',
        WriteCheck => 'Image::ExifTool::MWG::ReconcileIPTCDigest($self)',
        WriteAlso  => {
            'EXIF:ImageDescription' => '$val',
            'IPTC:Caption-Abstract' => '$opts{EditGroup} = 1; $val',
            'XMP-dc:Description'    => '$val',
        },
    },
    DateTimeOriginal => {
        Description => 'Date/Time Original',
        Groups => { 2 => 'Time' },
        Notes => '"creation date of the intellectual content being shown" - MWG',
        Writable => 1,
        Desire => {
            0 => 'EXIF:DateTimeOriginal',
            1 => 'EXIF:SubSecTimeOriginal',
            2 => 'IPTC:DateCreated',
            3 => 'IPTC:TimeCreated',
            4 => 'XMP-photoshop:DateCreated',
            5 => 'CurrentIPTCDigest',
            6 => 'IPTCDigest',
        },
        ValueConv => q{
            if (defined $val[0] and $val[0] !~ /^[: ]*$/) {
                return ($val[1] and $val[1] !~ /^ *$/) ? "$val[0].$val[1]" : $val[0];
            }
            return $val[4] if not defined $val[5] or (defined $val[4] and
                             (not defined $val[6] or $val[5] eq $val[6]));
            return $val[3] ? "$val[2] $val[3]" : $val[2] if $val[2];
            return undef;
        },
        PrintConv => '$self->ConvertDateTime($val)',
        PrintConvInv => '$self->InverseDateTime($val,undef,1)',
        DelCheck   => 'Image::ExifTool::MWG::ReconcileIPTCDigest($self)',
        WriteCheck => 'Image::ExifTool::MWG::ReconcileIPTCDigest($self)',
        WriteAlso  => {
            # set EXIF date/time values according to PrintConv option instead
            # of defaulting to Type=ValueConv to allow reformatting to be applied
            'EXIF:DateTimeOriginal'     => 'delete $opts{Type}; $val',
            'EXIF:SubSecTimeOriginal'   => 'delete $opts{Type}; $val',
            'IPTC:DateCreated'          => '$opts{EditGroup} = 1; $val',
            'IPTC:TimeCreated'          => '$opts{EditGroup} = 1; $val',
            'XMP-photoshop:DateCreated' => '$val',
        },
    },
    CreateDate => {
        Groups => { 2 => 'Time' },
        Notes => '"creation date of the digital representation" - MWG',
        Writable => 1,
        Desire => {
            0 => 'EXIF:CreateDate',
            1 => 'EXIF:SubSecTimeDigitized',
            2 => 'IPTC:DigitalCreationDate',
            3 => 'IPTC:DigitalCreationTime',
            4 => 'XMP-xmp:CreateDate',
            5 => 'CurrentIPTCDigest',
            6 => 'IPTCDigest',
        },
        ValueConv => q{
            if (defined $val[0] and $val[0] !~ /^[: ]*$/) {
                return ($val[1] and $val[1] !~ /^ *$/) ? "$val[0].$val[1]" : $val[0];
            }
            return $val[4] if not defined $val[5] or (defined $val[4] and
                             (not defined $val[6] or $val[5] eq $val[6]));
            return $val[3] ? "$val[2] $val[3]" : $val[2] if $val[2];
            return undef;
        },
        PrintConv => '$self->ConvertDateTime($val)',
        PrintConvInv => '$self->InverseDateTime($val,undef,1)',
        DelCheck   => 'Image::ExifTool::MWG::ReconcileIPTCDigest($self)',
        WriteCheck => 'Image::ExifTool::MWG::ReconcileIPTCDigest($self)',
        WriteAlso  => {
            'EXIF:CreateDate'          => 'delete $opts{Type}; $val',
            'EXIF:SubSecTimeDigitized' => 'delete $opts{Type}; $val',
            'IPTC:DigitalCreationDate' => '$opts{EditGroup} = 1; $val',
            'IPTC:DigitalCreationTime' => '$opts{EditGroup} = 1; $val',
            'XMP-xmp:CreateDate'       => '$val',
        },
    },
    ModifyDate => {
        Groups => { 2 => 'Time' },
        Notes => '"modification date of the digital image file" - MWG',
        Writable => 1,
        Desire => {
            0 => 'EXIF:ModifyDate',
            1 => 'EXIF:SubSecTime',
            2 => 'XMP-xmp:ModifyDate',
            3 => 'CurrentIPTCDigest',
            4 => 'IPTCDigest',
        },
        ValueConv => q{
            if (defined $val[0] and $val[0] !~ /^[: ]*$/) {
                return ($val[1] and $val[1] !~ /^ *$/) ? "$val[0].$val[1]" : $val[0];
            }
            return $val[2] if not defined $val[3] or not defined $val[4] or $val[3] eq $val[4];
            return undef;
        },
        PrintConv => '$self->ConvertDateTime($val)',
        PrintConvInv => '$self->InverseDateTime($val,undef,1)',
        # return empty string from check routines so this tag will never be set
        # (only WriteAlso tags are written), the only difference is a -v2 message
        DelCheck   => '""',
        WriteCheck => '""',
        WriteAlso  => {
            'EXIF:ModifyDate'    => 'delete $opts{Type}; $val',
            'EXIF:SubSecTime'    => 'delete $opts{Type}; $val',
            'XMP-xmp:ModifyDate' => '$val',
        },
    },
    Orientation => {
        Writable   => 1,
        Require    => 'EXIF:Orientation',
        ValueConv  => '$val',
        PrintConv  => \%Image::ExifTool::Exif::orientation,
        DelCheck   => '""',
        WriteCheck => '""',
        WriteAlso  => {
            'EXIF:Orientation' => '$val',
        },
    },
    Rating => {
        Writable   => 1,
        Require    => 'XMP-xmp:Rating',
        ValueConv  => '$val',
        DelCheck   => '""',
        WriteCheck => '""',
        WriteAlso  => {
            'XMP-xmp:Rating' => '$val',
        },
    },
    Copyright => {
        Groups => { 2 => 'Author' },
        Writable => 1,
        Desire => {
            0 => 'EXIF:Copyright',
            1 => 'IPTC:CopyrightNotice', # (128-character limit)
            2 => 'XMP-dc:Rights',
            3 => 'CurrentIPTCDigest',
            4 => 'IPTCDigest',
        },
        ValueConv => q{
            return $val[0] if defined $val[0] and $val[0] !~ /^ *$/;
            return $val[2] if not defined $val[3] or (defined $val[2] and
                             (not defined $val[4] or $val[3] eq $val[4]));
            return Image::ExifTool::MWG::RecoverTruncatedIPTC($val[1], $val[2], 128);
        },
        DelCheck   => 'Image::ExifTool::MWG::ReconcileIPTCDigest($self)',
        WriteCheck => 'Image::ExifTool::MWG::ReconcileIPTCDigest($self)',
        WriteAlso  => {
            'EXIF:Copyright'       => '$val',
            'IPTC:CopyrightNotice' => '$opts{EditGroup} = 1; $val',
            'XMP-dc:Rights'        => '$val',
        },
    },
    Creator => {
        Groups => { 2 => 'Author' },
        Flags  => ['Writable','List'],
        Desire => {
            0 => 'EXIF:Artist',
            1 => 'IPTC:By-line', # (32-character limit)
            2 => 'XMP-dc:Creator',
            3 => 'CurrentIPTCDigest',
            4 => 'IPTCDigest',
        },
        ValueConv => q{
            return $val[0] if defined $val[0] and $val[0] !~ /^ *$/;
            return $val[2] if not defined $val[3] or (defined $val[2] and
                             (not defined $val[4] or $val[3] eq $val[4]));
            return Image::ExifTool::MWG::RecoverTruncatedIPTC($val[1], $val[2], 32);
        },
        DelCheck   => 'Image::ExifTool::MWG::ReconcileIPTCDigest($self)',
        WriteCheck => 'Image::ExifTool::MWG::ReconcileIPTCDigest($self)',
        WriteAlso  => {
            'EXIF:Artist'    => '$val',
            'IPTC:By-line'   => '$opts{EditGroup} = 1; $val',
            'XMP-dc:Creator' => '$val',
        },
    },
    Country => {
        Groups => { 2 => 'Location' },
        Writable => 1,
        Desire => {
            0 => 'IPTC:Country-PrimaryLocationName', # (64-character limit)
            1 => 'XMP-photoshop:Country',
            2 => 'CurrentIPTCDigest',
            3 => 'IPTCDigest',
        },
        ValueConv => q{
            return $val[1] if not defined $val[2] or (defined $val[1] and
                             (not defined $val[3] or $val[2] eq $val[3]));
            return Image::ExifTool::MWG::RecoverTruncatedIPTC($val[0], $val[1], 64);
        },
        DelCheck   => 'Image::ExifTool::MWG::ReconcileIPTCDigest($self)',
        WriteCheck => 'Image::ExifTool::MWG::ReconcileIPTCDigest($self)',
        WriteAlso  => {
            'IPTC:Country-PrimaryLocationName' => '$opts{EditGroup} = 1; $val',
            'XMP-photoshop:Country'            => '$val',
        },
    },
    State => {
        Groups => { 2 => 'Location' },
        Writable => 1,
        Desire => {
            0 => 'IPTC:Province-State', # (32-character limit)
            1 => 'XMP-photoshop:State',
            2 => 'CurrentIPTCDigest',
            3 => 'IPTCDigest',
        },
        ValueConv => q{
            return $val[1] if not defined $val[2] or (defined $val[1] and
                             (not defined $val[3] or $val[2] eq $val[3]));
            return Image::ExifTool::MWG::RecoverTruncatedIPTC($val[0], $val[1], 32);
        },
        DelCheck   => 'Image::ExifTool::MWG::ReconcileIPTCDigest($self)',
        WriteCheck => 'Image::ExifTool::MWG::ReconcileIPTCDigest($self)',
        WriteAlso  => {
            'IPTC:Province-State' => '$opts{EditGroup} = 1; $val',
            'XMP-photoshop:State' => '$val',
        },
    },
    City => {
        Groups => { 2 => 'Location' },
        Writable => 1,
        Desire => {
            0 => 'IPTC:City', # (32-character limit)
            1 => 'XMP-photoshop:City',
            2 => 'CurrentIPTCDigest',
            3 => 'IPTCDigest',
        },
        ValueConv => q{
            return $val[1] if not defined $val[2] or (defined $val[1] and
                             (not defined $val[3] or $val[2] eq $val[3]));
            return Image::ExifTool::MWG::RecoverTruncatedIPTC($val[0], $val[1], 32);
        },
        DelCheck   => 'Image::ExifTool::MWG::ReconcileIPTCDigest($self)',
        WriteCheck => 'Image::ExifTool::MWG::ReconcileIPTCDigest($self)',
        WriteAlso  => {
            'IPTC:City'          => '$opts{EditGroup} = 1; $val',
            'XMP-photoshop:City' => '$val',
        },
    },
    Location => {
        Groups => { 2 => 'Location' },
        Writable => 1,
        Desire => {
            0 => 'IPTC:Sub-location', # (32-character limit)
            1 => 'XMP-iptcCore:Location',
            2 => 'CurrentIPTCDigest',
            3 => 'IPTCDigest',
        },
        ValueConv => q{
            return $val[1] if not defined $val[2] or (defined $val[1] and
                             (not defined $val[3] or $val[2] eq $val[3]));
            return Image::ExifTool::MWG::RecoverTruncatedIPTC($val[0], $val[1], 32);
        },
        DelCheck   => 'Image::ExifTool::MWG::ReconcileIPTCDigest($self)',
        WriteCheck => 'Image::ExifTool::MWG::ReconcileIPTCDigest($self)',
        WriteAlso  => {
            'IPTC:Sub-location'     => '$opts{EditGroup} = 1; $val',
            'XMP-iptcCore:Location' => '$val',
        },
    },
);

unless ($Image::ExifTool::documentOnly) {
    # add our composite tags
    Image::ExifTool::AddCompositeTags('Image::ExifTool::MWG');
    # must also add to lookup so we can write them
    # (since MWG tags aren't in the tag lookup by default)
    Image::ExifTool::AddTagsToLookup(\%Image::ExifTool::MWG::Composite,
                                     'Image::ExifTool::Composite');
}

# modify EXIF:Artist to behave as a list-type tag
{
    my $artist = $Image::ExifTool::Exif::Main{0x13b};
    $$artist{List} = 1;
    $$artist{IsOverwriting} = \&OverwriteStringList;
    $$artist{RawConv} = \&StringToList;
}

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Change a list of values to a string using MWG rules
# Inputs: 0)reference to list of values
# Returns: string of values (and may reformat list entries)
sub ListToString($)
{
    my $vals = shift;
    foreach (@$vals) {
        # double all quotes in value and quote the value if it begins
        # with a quote or contains a semicolon-space separator
        if (/^"/ or /; /) {
            s/"/""/g;       # double all quotes
            $_ = qq{"$_"};  # quote the value
        }
    }
    return join('; ', @$vals);
}

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Change a string value to a list of values using MWG rules
# Inputs: 0) string of values, 1) ExifTool ref
# Returns: value or list reference if more than one value
# Notes: Sets Warning tag on error
sub StringToList($$)
{
    my ($str, $exifTool) = @_;
    my (@vals, $inQuotes);
    my @t = split '; ', $str, -1;
    foreach (@t) {
        my $wasQuotes = $inQuotes;
        $inQuotes = 1 if not $inQuotes and s/^"//;
        if ($inQuotes) {
            # remove the last quote and reset the inQuotes flag if
            # the value ended in an odd number of quotes
            $inQuotes = 0 if s/((^|[^"])("")*)"$/$1/;
            s/""/"/g;   # un-double the contained quotes
        }
        if ($wasQuotes) {
            # previous separator was quoted, so concatinate with previous value
            $vals[-1] .= '; ' . $_;
        } else {
            push @vals, $_;
        }
    }
    $exifTool->Warn('Incorrectly quoted MWG string-list value') if $inQuotes;
    return @vals > 1 ? \@vals : $vals[0];
}

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Handle logic for overwriting EXIF string-type list tag
# Inputs: 0) new value hash ref, 1) new value hash ref,
#         2) old string value (or undef if it didn't exist), 3) new value ref
# Returns: 1 and sets the new value for the tag
sub OverwriteStringList($$$$)
{
    local $_;
    my ($exifTool, $nvHash, $val, $newValuePt) = @_;
    my (@new, $delIndex);
    if ($$nvHash{DelValue} and defined $val) {
        # preserve specified old values
        my $old = StringToList($val, $exifTool);
        my @old = ref $old eq 'ARRAY' ? @$old : $old;
        if (@{$$nvHash{DelValue}}) {
            my %del;
            $del{$_} = 1 foreach @{$$nvHash{DelValue}};
            foreach (@old) {
                $del{$_} or push(@new, $_), next;
                $delIndex or $delIndex = scalar @new;
            }
        } else {
            push @new, @old;
        }
    }
    # add new values (at location of deleted values, if any)
    if ($$nvHash{Value}) {
        if (defined $delIndex) {
            splice @new, $delIndex, 0, @{$$nvHash{Value}};
        } else {
            push @new, @{$$nvHash{Value}};
        }
    }
    if (@new) {
        # convert back to string format
        $$newValuePt = ListToString(\@new);
    } else {
        $$newValuePt = undef;   # delete the tag
    }
    return 1;
}

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Reconcile IPTC digest after writing an MWG tag
# Inputs: 0) ExifTool object ref
# Returns: empty string
sub ReconcileIPTCDigest($)
{
    my $exifTool = shift;

    # set new value for IPTCDigest if not done already
    unless ($Image::ExifTool::Photoshop::iptcDigestInfo and
            $exifTool->{NEW_VALUE}{$Image::ExifTool::Photoshop::iptcDigestInfo})
    {
        # write new IPTCDigest only if it doesn't exist or
        # is the same as the digest of the original IPTC
        my @a; # (capture warning messages)
        @a = $exifTool->SetNewValue('Photoshop:IPTCDigest', 'old', Protected => 1, DelValue => 1);
        @a = $exifTool->SetNewValue('Photoshop:IPTCDigest', 'new', Protected => 1);
    }
    return '';
}

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Recover strings which were truncated by IPTC dataset length limit
# Inputs: 0) IPTC value, 1) XMP value, 2) length limit
# Notes: handles the case where IPTC and/or XMP values are lists
sub RecoverTruncatedIPTC($$$)
{
    my ($iptc, $xmp, $limit) = @_;

    return $iptc unless defined $xmp;
    if (ref $iptc) {
        $xmp = [ $xmp ] unless ref $xmp;
        my ($i, @vals);
        for ($i=0; $i<@$iptc; ++$i) {
            push @vals, RecoverTruncatedIPTC($$iptc[$i], $$xmp[$i], $limit);
        }
        return \@vals;
    } elsif (defined $iptc and length $iptc == $limit) {    
        $xmp = $$xmp[0] if ref $xmp;    # take first element of list
        return $xmp if length $xmp > $limit and $iptc eq substr($xmp, 0, $limit);
    }
    return $iptc;
}

1;  # end

__END__

=head1 NAME

Image::ExifTool::MWG - Metadata Working Group support

=head1 SYNOPSIS

    # enable MWG tags (strict mode enabled by default)
    use Image::ExifTool::MWG;

    # disable MWG strict mode
    $Image::ExifTool::MWG::strict = 0;

=head1 DESCRIPTION

The MWG module contains tag definitions which are designed to simplify
implementation of the Metadata Working Group guidelines.  These special MWG
composite tags are enabled simply by loading this module:

    use Image::ExifTool::MWG;

When the MWG module is loaded, "strict MWG conformance" is enabled by
default.  In this mode, ExifTool will generate a Warning tag instead of
extracting EXIF, IPTC and XMP from non-standard locations.  The strict mode
may be disabled by setting the MWG "strict" flag to zero (either before or
after loading the MWG module):

    $Image::ExifTool::MWG::strict = 0;

=head1 AUTHOR

Copyright 2003-2011, Phil Harvey (phil at owl.phy.queensu.ca)

This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
under the same terms as Perl itself.

=head1 REFERENCES

=over 4

=item L<http://www.metadataworkinggroup.org/>

=back

=head1 SEE ALSO

L<Image::ExifTool::TagNames/MWG Tags>,
L<Image::ExifTool(3pm)|Image::ExifTool>

=cut
