# Library Coq.Init.Specif

Basic specifications : sets that may contain logical information
Require Import Notations.
Require Import Datatypes.
Require Import Logic.
Subsets and Sigma-types
(sig A P), or more suggestively {x:A | P x}, denotes the subset of elements of the type A which satisfy the predicate P. Similarly (sig2 A P Q), or {x:A | P x & Q x}, denotes the subset of elements of the type A which satisfy both P and Q.
Inductive sig (A:Type) (P:A -> Prop) : Type :=
exist : forall x:A, P x -> sig P.
Inductive sig2 (A:Type) (P Q:A -> Prop) : Type :=
exist2 : forall x:A, P x -> Q x -> sig2 P Q.
(sigT A P), or more suggestively {x:A & (P x)} is a Sigma-type. Similarly for (sigT2 A P Q), also written {x:A & (P x) & (Q x)}.
Inductive sigT (A:Type) (P:A -> Type) : Type :=
existT : forall x:A, P x -> sigT P.
Inductive sigT2 (A:Type) (P Q:A -> Type) : Type :=
existT2 : forall x:A, P x -> Q x -> sigT2 P Q.
Notation "{ x | P }" := (sig (fun x => P)) : type_scope.
Notation "{ x | P & Q }" := (sig2 (fun x => P) (fun x => Q)) : type_scope.
Notation "{ x : A | P }" := (sig (fun x:A => P)) : type_scope.
Notation "{ x : A | P & Q }" := (sig2 (fun x:A => P) (fun x:A => Q)) :
type_scope.
Notation "{ x : A & P }" := (sigT (fun x:A => P)) : type_scope.
Notation "{ x : A & P & Q }" := (sigT2 (fun x:A => P) (fun x:A => Q)) :
type_scope.
Add Printing Let sig.
Add Printing Let sig2.
Add Printing Let sigT.
Add Printing Let sigT2.
Projections of sig
An element y of a subset {x:A & (P x)} is the pair of an a of type A and of a proof h that a satisfies P. Then (proj1_sig y) is the witness a and (proj2_sig y) is the proof of (P a)
Section Subset_projections.
Variable A : Type.
Variable P : A -> Prop.
Definition proj1_sig (e:sig P) := match e with
| exist a b => a
end.
Definition proj2_sig (e:sig P) :=
match e return P (proj1_sig e) with
| exist a b => b
end.
End Subset_projections.
Projections of sigT
An element x of a sigma-type {y:A & P y} is a dependent pair made of an a of type A and an h of type P a. Then, (projT1 x) is the first projection and (projT2 x) is the second projection, the type of which depends on the projT1.
Section Projections.
Variable A : Type.
Variable P : A -> Type.
Definition projT1 (x:sigT P) : A := match x with
| existT a _ => a
end.
Definition projT2 (x:sigT P) : P (projT1 x) :=
match x return P (projT1 x) with
| existT _ h => h
end.
End Projections.
sigT of a predicate is equivalent to sig
Lemma sig_of_sigT : forall (A:Type) (P:A->Prop), sigT P -> sig P.
Lemma sigT_of_sig : forall (A:Type) (P:A->Prop), sig P -> sigT P.
Coercion sigT_of_sig : sig >-> sigT.
Coercion sig_of_sigT : sigT >-> sig.
sumbool is a boolean type equipped with the justification of their value
Inductive sumbool (A B:Prop) : Set :=
| left : A -> { A } + { B }
| right : B -> { A } + { B }
where "{ A } + { B }" := (sumbool A B) : type_scope.
Add Printing If sumbool.
sumor is an option type equipped with the justification of why it may not be a regular value
Inductive sumor (A:Type) (B:Prop) : Type :=
| inleft : A -> A + { B }
| inright : B -> A + { B }
where "A + { B }" := (sumor A B) : type_scope.
Add Printing If sumor.
Various forms of the axiom of choice for specifications
Section Choice_lemmas.
Variables S S' : Set.
Variable R : S -> S' -> Prop.
Variable R' : S -> S' -> Set.
Variables R1 R2 : S -> Prop.
Lemma Choice :
(forall x:S, { y : S' | R x y }) -> { f : S -> S' | forall z:S, R z (f z)}.
Lemma Choice2 :
(forall x:S, { y : S' & R' x y }) -> { f : S -> S' & forall z:S, R' z (f z)}.
Lemma bool_choice :
(forall x:S, { R1 x } + { R2 x }) ->
{ f : S -> bool | forall x:S, f x = true /\ R1 x \/ f x = false /\ R2 x }.
End Choice_lemmas.
Section Dependent_choice_lemmas.
Variables X : Set.
Variable R : X -> X -> Prop.
Lemma dependent_choice :
(forall x:X, { y | R x y }) ->
forall x0, { f : nat -> X | f O = x0 /\ forall n, R (f n) (f (S n))}.
End Dependent_choice_lemmas.
A result of type (Exc A) is either a normal value of type A or an error :
Inductive Exc [A:Type] : Type := value : A->(Exc A) | error : (Exc A).
It is implemented using the option type.
Definition Exc := option.
Definition value := Some.
Definition error := @None.
Implicit Arguments error [A].
Definition except := False_rec.
Implicit Arguments except [P].
Theorem absurd_set : forall (A:Prop) (C:Set), A -> ~ A -> C.
Hint Resolve left right inleft inright: core v62.
Hint Resolve exist exist2 existT existT2: core.
Notation sigS := sigT (only parsing).
Notation existS := existT (only parsing).
Notation sigS_rect := sigT_rect (only parsing).
Notation sigS_rec := sigT_rec (only parsing).
Notation sigS_ind := sigT_ind (only parsing).
Notation projS1 := projT1 (only parsing).
Notation projS2 := projT2 (only parsing).
Notation sigS2 := sigT2 (only parsing).
Notation existS2 := existT2 (only parsing).
Notation sigS2_rect := sigT2_rect (only parsing).
Notation sigS2_rec := sigT2_rec (only parsing).
Notation sigS2_ind := sigT2_ind (only parsing).