# Pygments

## Builtin Tokens

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Inside the pygments.token module, there is a special object called Token that is used to create token types.

You can create a new token type by accessing an attribute of Token:

    >>> from pygments.token import Token
    >>> Token.String
    Token.String
    >>> Token.String is Token.String
    True

Note that tokens are singletons so you can use the `is` operator for comparing token types.

As of Pygments 0.7 you can also use the `in` operator to perform set tests:

    >>> from pygments.token import Comment
    >>> Comment.Single in Comment
    True
    >>> Comment in Comment.Multi
    False

This can be useful in filters and if you write lexers on your own without using the base lexers.

You can also split a token type into a hierarchy, and get the parent of it:

    >>> String.split()
    [Token, Token.Literal, Token.Literal.String]
    >>> String.parent
    Token.Literal

In principle, you can create an unlimited number of token types but nobody can guarantee that a style would define style rules for a token type. Because of that, Pygments proposes some global token types defined in the pygments.token.STANDARD_TYPES dict.

For some tokens aliases are already defined:

    >>> from pygments.token import String
    >>> String
    Token.Literal.String

Inside the pygments.token module the following aliases are defined:

Text | Token.Text | for any type of text data
Whitespace | Token.Text.Whitespace | for specially highlighted whitespace
Error | Token.Error | represents lexer errors
Other | Token.Other | special token for data not matched by a parser (e.g. HTML markup in PHP code)
Keyword | Token.Keyword | any kind of keywords
Name | Token.Name | variable/function names
Literal | Token.Literal | Any literals
String | Token.Literal.String | string literals
Number | Token.Literal.Number | number literals
Operator | Token.Operator | operators (`+`, `not`...)
Punctuation | Token.Punctuation | punctuation (`[`, `(`...)
Comment | Token.Comment | any kind of comments
Generic | Token.Generic | generic tokens (have a look at the explanation below)

The Whitespace token type is new in Pygments 0.8. It is used only by the VisibleWhitespaceFilter currently.

Normally you just create token types using the already defined aliases. For each of those token aliases, a number of subtypes exists (excluding the special tokens Token.Text, Token.Error and Token.Other)

The is_token_subtype() function in the pygments.token module can be used to test if a token type is a subtype of another (such as Name.Tag and Name). (This is the same as `Name.Tag in Name`. The overloaded in operator was newly introduced in Pygments 0.7, the function still exists for backwards compatiblity.)

With Pygments 0.7, it's also possible to convert strings to token types (for example if you want to supply a token from the command line):

    >>> from pygments.token import String, string_to_tokentype
    >>> string_to_tokentype("String")
    Token.Literal.String
    >>> string_to_tokentype("Token.Literal.String")
    Token.Literal.String
    >>> string_to_tokentype(String)
    Token.Literal.String

### Keyword Tokens

Keyword
  For any kind of keyword (especially if it doesn't match any of the subtypes of course).
Keyword.Constant
  For keywords that are constants (e.g. `None` in future Python versions).
Keyword.Declaration
  For keywords used for variable declaration (e.g. `var` in some programming languages like JavaScript).
Keyword.Namespace
  For keywords used for namespace declarations (e.g. `import` in Python and Java and `package` in Java).
Keyword.Pseudo
  For keywords that aren't really keywords (e.g. `None` in old Python versions).
Keyword.Reserved
  For reserved keywords.
Keyword.Type
  For builtin types that can't be used as identifiers (e.g. `int`, `char` etc. in C).

### Name Tokens

Name
  For any name (variable names, function names, classes).
Name.Attribute
  For all attributes (e.g. in HTML tags).
Name.Builtin
  Builtin names; names that are available in the global namespace.
Name.Builtin.Pseudo
  Builtin names that are implicit (e.g. `self` in Ruby, `this` in Java).
Name.Class
  Class names. Because no lexer can know if a name is a class or a function or something else this token is meant for class declarations.
Name.Constant
  Token type for constants. In some languages you can recognise a token by the way it's defined (the value after a `const` keyword for example). In other languages constants are uppercase by definition (Ruby).
Name.Decorator
  Token type for decorators. Decorators are synatic elements in the Python language. Similar syntax elements exist in C# and Java.
Name.Entity
  Token type for special entities. (e.g. `&nbsp;` in HTML).
Name.Exception
  Token type for exception names (e.g. `RuntimeError` in Python). Some languages define exceptions in the function signature (Java). You can highlight the name of that exception using this token then.
Name.Function
  Token type for function names.
Name.Label
  Token type for label names (e.g. in languages that support `goto`).
Name.Namespace
  Token type for namespaces. (e.g. import paths in Java/Python), names following the `module`/`namespace` keyword in other languages.
Name.Other
  Other names. Normally unused.
Name.Tag
  Tag names (in HTML/XML markup or configuration files).
Name.Variable
  Token type for variables. Some languages have prefixes for variable names (PHP, Ruby, Perl). You can highlight them using this token.
Name.Variable.Class
  same as Name.Variable but for class variables (also static variables).
Name.Variable.Global
  same as Name.Variable but for global variables (used in Ruby, for example).
Name.Variable.Instance
  same as Name.Variable but for instance variables.

### Literals

Literal
  For any literal (if not further defined).
Literal.Date
  for date literals (e.g. `42d` in Boo).
String
  For any string literal.
String.Backtick
  Token type for strings enclosed in backticks.
String.Char
  Token type for single characters (e.g. Java, C).
String.Doc
  Token type for documentation strings (for example Python).
String.Double
  Double quoted strings.
String.Escape
  Token type for escape sequences in strings.
String.Heredoc
  Token type for "heredoc" strings (e.g. in Ruby or Perl).
String.Interpol
  Token type for interpolated parts in strings (e.g. `#{foo}` in Ruby).
String.Other
  Token type for any other strings (for example `%q{foo}` string constructs in Ruby).
String.Regex
  Token type for regular expression literals (e.g. `/foo/` in JavaScript).
String.Single
  Token type for single quoted strings.
String.Symbol
  Token type for symbols (e.g. `:foo` in LISP or Ruby).
Number
  Token type for any number literal.
Number.Float
  Token type for float literals (e.g. `42.0`).
Number.Hex
  Token type for hexadecimal number literals (e.g. `0xdeadbeef`).
Number.Integer
  Token type for integer literals (e.g. `42`).
Number.Integer.Long
  Token type for long integer literals (e.g. `42L` in Python).
Number.Oct
  Token type for octal literals.

### Operators

Operator
  For any punctuation operator (e.g. `+`, `-`).
Operator.Word
  For any operator that is a word (e.g. `not`).

### Punctuation

New in Pygments 0.7.

Punctuation
  For any punctuation which is not an operator (e.g. `[`, `(`...)

### Comments

Comment
  Token type for any comment.
Comment.Multiline
  Token type for multiline comments.
Comment.Preproc
  Token type for preprocessor comments (also `<?php`/`<%` constructs).
Comment.Single
  Token type for comments that end at the end of a line (e.g. `# foo`).
Comment.Special
  Special data in comments. For example code tags, author and license information, etc.

### Generic Tokens

Generic tokens are for special lexers like the DiffLexer that doesn't really highlight a programming language but a patch file.

Generic
  A generic, unstyled token. Normally you don't use this token type.
Generic.Deleted
  Marks the token value as deleted.
Generic.Emph
  Marks the token value as emphasized.
Generic.Error
  Marks the token value as an error message.
Generic.Heading
  Marks the token value as headline.
Generic.Inserted
  Marks the token value as inserted.
Generic.Output
  Marks the token value as program output (e.g. for python cli lexer).
Generic.Prompt
  Marks the token value as command prompt (e.g. bash lexer).
Generic.Strong
  Marks the token value as bold (e.g. for rst lexer).
Generic.Subheading
  Marks the token value as subheadline.
Generic.Traceback
  Marks the token value as a part of an error traceback.