Manuel PHP
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# Chapitre 25. Extension Possibilities

As shown in Figure 9.1 above, PHP can be extended primarily at three points: external modules, built-in modules, and the Zend engine. The following sections discuss these options.

# External Modules

External modules can be loaded at script runtime using the function dl()(). This function loads a shared object from disk and makes its functionality available to the script to which it's being bound. After the script is terminated, the external module is discarded from memory. This method has both advantages and disadvantages, as described in the following table:

Advantages | Disadvantages
External modules don't require recompiling of PHP. | The shared objects need to be loaded every time a script is being executed (every hit), which is very slow.
The size of PHP remains small by "outsourcing" certain functionality. | External additional files clutter up the disk.
| Every script that wants to use an external module's functionality has to specifically include a call to dl()(), or the `extension` tag in `php.ini` needs to be modified (which is not always a suitable solution).

To sum up, external modules are great for third-party products, small additions to PHP that are rarely used, or just for testing purposes. To develop additional functionality quickly, external modules provide the best results. For frequent usage, larger implementations, and complex code, the disadvantages outweigh the advantages.

Third parties might consider using the `extension` tag in `php.ini` to create additional external modules to PHP. These external modules are completely detached from the main package, which is a very handy feature in commercial environments. Commercial distributors can simply ship disks or archives containing only their additional modules, without the need to create fixed and solid PHP binaries that don't allow other modules to be bound to them.

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Overview | Niveau supérieur | Built-in Modules