# KLatin Notes - Verbs

All languages have verbs. Latin verbs are divided into four categories, called conjugations. These conjugations are divisions of verbs that, generally, use the same stem formation and have the same endings.

The stem of a verb is the basic part of the verb that does not change. For example, the stem of moneo is mone. To get the stem of the verb, take the first person singular of the verb, and take off the -o ending. The verb sum (I am) is totally irregular, and does not have a consistent stem.

## Verb listings - Indicative Active

TENSE | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 4th | SUM - I
PRESENT | am-o | mone-o | reg-o | audi-o | sum
| ama-s | mone-s | regi-s | audi-s | es
I love, am loving | ama-t | mone-t | regi-t | audi-t | est
| ama-mus | mone-mus | regi-mus | audi-mus | sumus
| ama-tis | mone-tis | regi-tis | audi-tis | estis
| ama-nt | mone-nt | regu-nt | audi-unt | sunt
FUTURE | ama-bo | mone-bo | reg-am | audi-am | ero
| ama-bis | mone-bis | reg-es | audi-es | eris
I will love | ama-bit | mone-bit | reg-et | audi-et | erit
| ama-bimus | mone-bimus | reg-emus | audi-emus | erimus
| ama-bitis | mone-bitis | reg-etis | audi-etis | eritis
| ama-bunt | mone-bunt | reg-ent | audi-ent | erunt
IMPERFECT | ama-bam | mone-bam | rege-bam | audi-bam | eram
| ama-bas | mone-bas | rege-bas | audi-bas | eras
I was loving | ama-bat | mone-bat | rege-bat | audi-bat | erat
I used to love | ama-bamus | mone-bamus | rege-bamus | audi-bamus | eramus
I began to love | ama-batis | mone-batis | rege-batis | audi-batis | eratis
| ama-bant | mone-bant | rege-bant | audi-bant | erant
PERFECT | amav-i | monu-i | rex-i | audiv-i | fu-i
| amav-isti | monu-isti | rex-isti | audiv-isti | fu-isti
I have loved | amav-it | monu-it | rex-it | audiv-it | fu-it
| amav-imus | monu-imus | rex-imus | audiv-imus | fu-imus
| amav-istis | monu-istis | rex-istis | audiv-istis | fu-istis
| amav-erunt | monu-erunt | rex-erunt | audiv-erunt | fu-erunt
FUTURE PERFECT | amav-ero | monu-ero | rex-ero | audiv-ero | fu-ero
| amav-eris | monu-eris | rex-eris | audiv-eris | fu-eris
I will have loved | amav-erit | monu-erit | rex-erit | audiv-erit | fu-erit
| amav-erimus | monu-erimus | rex-erimus | audiv-erimus | fu-erimus
| amav-eritis | monu-eritis | rex-eritis | audiv-eritis | fu-eritis
| amav-erint | monu-erint | rex-erint | audiv-erint | fu-erint
PLUPERFECT | amav-eram | monu-eram | rex-eram | audiv-eram | fu-eram
| amav-eras | monu-eras | rex-eras | audiv-eras | fu-eras
I had loved | amav-erat | monu-erat | rex-erat | audiv-erat | fu-erat
| amav-eramus | monu-eramus | rex-eramus | audiv-eramus | fu-eramus
| amav-eratis | monu-eratis | rex-eratis | audiv-eratis | fu-eratis
| amav-erant | monu-erant | rex-erant | audiv-erant | fu-erant

## Verb listings - Subjunctive Active

TENSE | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 4th | SUM - I
PRESENT | ame-m | monea-m | rega-m | audi-o | sim
| ame-s | monea-s | rega-s | audi-s | sis
| ame-t | monea-t | rega-t | audi-t | sit
| ame-mus | monea-mus | rega-mus | audi-mus | simus
| ame-tis | monea-tis | rega-tis | audi-tis | sitis
| ame-nt | monea-nt | rega-nt | audi-unt | sint
IMPERFECT | ama-rem | mone-rem | rege-rem | audi-rem | essem
| ama-res | mone-res | rege-res | audi-res | esset
| ama-ret | mone-ret | rege-ret | audi-ret | esset
| ama-remus | mone-remus | rege-remus | audi-remus | essemus
| ama-retis | mone-retis | rege-retis | audi-retis | essetis
| ama-rent | mone-rent | rege-rent | audi-rent | essent
PERFECT | amav-erim | monu-erim | rex-erim | audiv-erim | fu-erim
| amav-eris | monu-eris | rex-eris | audiv-eris | fu-eris
| amav-erit | monu-erit | rex-erit | audiv-erit | fu-erit
| amav-erimus | monu-erimus | rex-erimus | audiv-erimus | fu-erimus
| amav-eritis | monu-eritis | rex-eritis | audiv-eritis | fu-eritis
| amav-erint | monu-erint | rex-erint | audiv-erint | fu-erint
PLUPERFECT | amav-issem | monu-issem | rex-issem | audiv-issem | fu-issem
| amav-isses | monu-isses | rex-isses | audiv-isses | fu-isses
| amav-isset | monu-isset | rex-isset | audiv-isset | fu-isset
| amav-issemus | monu-issemus | rex-issemus | audiv-issemus | fu-issemus
| amav-issetis | monu-issetis | rex-issetis | audiv-issetis | fu-issetis
| amav-issent | monu-issent | rex-issent | audiv-issent | fu-issent

## Verb listings - Imperative Active

TENSE | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 4th | SUM - I
PRESENT | am-a | mon-e | reg-e | aud-i | es
| am-ate | mon-ete | reg-ite | aud-ite | este
FUTURE | am-ato | mon-eto | reg-ito | aud-ito | esto
| am-ato | mon-eto | reg-ito | aud-ito | esto
| am-atote | mon-etote | reg-itote | aud-itote | estote
| am-anto | mon-ento | reg-unto | aud-iunto | sunto

## Verb listings - Gerund Active

| 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 4th
Accusative | (ad) am-andum | (ad) mon-endum | (ad) reg-endum | (ad) aud-iendum
Genitive | am-andi | mon-endi | reg-endi | aud-iendi
Dative | am-ando | mon-endo | reg-endo | aud-iendo
Ablative | am-ando | mon-endo | reg-endo | aud-iendo

## Verb listings - Infinitive Active

TENSE | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 4th | SUM - I
PRESENT | am-are | mon-ere | reg-ere | aud-ire | esse
PERFECT | amav-isse | monu-isse | rex-isse | audiv-isse | fu-isse

## Verb listings - Participle Active

TENSE | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 4th | SUM - I
PRESENT | am-ans,-antis | mon-ens,-entis | reg-ens,-entis | aud-iens,-ientis |
FUTURE | amat-urus,-a,-um | monit-urus,-a,-um | rect-urus,-a,-um | audit-urus,-a,-um | futurus,-a,-um

## Verb listings - Indicative Passive

TENSE | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 4th
PRESENT | am-or | mone-or | reg-or | audi-or
| ama-ris | mone-ris | reg-eris | audi-eris
I am loved | ama-tur | mone-tur | regi-tur | audi-tur
| ama-mur | mone-mur | regi-mur | audi-mur
| ama-mini | mone-mini | regi-mini | audi-mini
| ama-ntur | mone-ntur | regu-ntur | audiu-unt
FUTURE | ama-bor | mone-bor | reg-ar | audi-ar
| ama-beris | mone-beris | reg-eris | audi-eris
I will be loved | ama-bitur | mone-bitur | reg-etur | audi-etur
| ama-bimur | mone-bimur | reg-emur | audi-emur
| ama-bimini | mone-bimini | reg-emini | audi-emini
| ama-buntur | mone-buntur | reg-entur | audi-entur
IMPERFECT | ama-bar | mone-bar | rege-bar | audie-bar
| ama-baris | mone-baris | rege-baris | audie-baris
I was loved | ama-batur | mone-batur | rege-batur | audie-batur
| ama-bamur | mone-bamur | rege-bamur | audie-bamur
| ama-bamini | mone-bamini | rege-bamini | audie-bamini
| ama-bantur | mone-bantur | rege-bantur | audie-bantur
PERFECT | amatus sum | monitus sum | rectus sum | auditus sum
| amatus es | monitus es | rectus es | auditus es
I have been loved | amatus est | monitus est | rectus est | auditus est
| amati sumus | moniti sumus | recti sumus | auditi sumus
| amati estis | moniti estis | recti estis | auditi estis
| amati sunt | moniti sunt | recti sunt | auditi sunt
FUTURE PERFECT | amatus ero | monitus ero | rectus ero | auditus ero
| amatus eris | monitus eris | rectus eris | auditus eris
I will have been loved | amatus erit | monitus erit | rectus erit | auditus erit
| amati erimus | moniti erimus | recti erimus | auditi erimus
| amati eritis | moniti eritis | recti eritis | auditi eritis
| amati erunt | moniti erunt | recti erunt | auditi erunt
PLUPERFECT | amatus eram | monitus eram | rectus eram | auditus eram
| amatus eras | monitus eras | rectus eras | auditus eras
I had been loved | amatus erat | monitus erat | rectus erat | auditus erat
| amati eramus | moniti eramus | recti eramus | auditi eramus
| amati eratis | moniti eratis | recti eratis | auditi eratis
| amati erant | moniti erant | recti erant | auditi erant

## Verb listings - Gerundive Passive

1st | 2nd | 3rd | 4th
am-andus,-a,-um | mon-endus,-a,-um | reg-endus,-a,-um | aud-iendus,-a,-um

## Verb listings - Infinitive Passive

TENSE | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 4th
PRESENT | am-ari | mon-eri | reg-i | aud-iri
PERFECT | amat-um,-am,-um esse | monit-um,-am,-um esse | rect-um,-am,-um esse | audit-um,-am,-um esse
| amat-os,-as,-a esse | monit-os,-as,-a esse | rect-os,-as,-a esse | audit-os,-as,-a esse
FUTURE | amat-um iri | monit-um iri | rect-um iri | audit-um iri