The Alternative Csound Reference Manual
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# fmwurlie

fmwurlie -- Uses FM synthesis to create a Wurlitzer electric piano sound.

## Description

Uses FM synthesis to create a Wurlitzer electric piano sound. It comes from a family of FM sounds, all using 4 basic oscillators and various architectures, as used in the TX81Z synthesizer.

## Syntax

ar fmwurlie kamp, kfreq, kc1, kc2, kvdepth, kvrate, ifn1, ifn2, ifn3, ifn4, ivfn

## Initialization

All these opcodes take 5 tables for initialization. The first 4 are the basic inputs and the last is the low frequency oscillator (LFO) used for vibrato. The last table should usually be a sine wave.

The initial waves should be:

- ifn1 -- sine wave

- ifn2 -- sine wave

- ifn3 -- sine wave

- ifn4 -- fwavblnk.aiff

| Note
| The file "fwavblnk.aiff" is also available at ftp://ftp.cs.bath.ac.uk/pub/dream/documentation/sounds/modelling/.

## Performance

kamp -- Amplitude of note.

kfreq -- Frequency of note played.

kc1, kc2 -- Controls for the synthesizer:

- kc1 -- Mod index 1

- kc2 -- Crossfade of two outputs

- Algorithm -- 5

kvdepth -- Vibrator depth

kvrate -- Vibrator rate

## Examples

Here is an example of the fmwurlie opcode. It uses the files fmwurlie.orc, fmwurlie.sco, and fwavblnk.aiff.

Example 1. Example of the fmwurlie opcode.

    /* fmwurlie.orc */
    /* Written by Kevin Conder */
    ; Initialize the global variables.
    sr = 22050
    kr = 2205
    ksmps = 10
    nchnls = 1

    ; Instrument #1.
    instr 1
      kamp = 30000
      kfreq = 440
      kc1 = 6
      kc2 = 1
      kvdepth = 0.005
      kvrate = 6
      ifn1 = 1
      ifn2 = 1
      ifn3 = 1
      ifn4 = 2
      ivfn = 1

      a1 fmwurlie kamp, kfreq, kc1, kc2, kvdepth, kvrate, ifn1, ifn2, ifn3, ifn4, ivfn
      out a1
    endin
    /* fmwurlie.orc */

    /* fmwurlie.sco */
    /* Written by Kevin Conder */
    ; Table #1, a sine wave.
    f 1 0 32768 10 1
    ; Table #2, the "fwavblnk.aiff" audio file.
    f 2 0 256 1 "fwavblnk.aiff" 0 0 0

    ; Play Instrument #1 for two seconds.
    i 1 0 2
    e
    /* fmwurlie.sco */

## See Also

fmb3, fmbell, fmmetal, fmpercfl, fmrhode

## Credits

Author: John ffitch (after Perry Cook)
University of Bath, Codemist Ltd.
Bath, UK

New in Csound version 3.47

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