    #!/usr/bin/env python

    """The AppServer singleton.

    The `AppServer` singleton is the controlling object/process/thread.
    `AppServer` receives requests and dispatches them to `Application`
    (via `Application.dispatchRawRequest`).

    `ThreadedAppServer` completes the implementation, dispatching
    these requests to separate threads. `AppServer`, at least in the
    abstract, could support different execution models and environments,
    but that support is not yet realized (Will it ever be realized?).

    The distinction between `AppServer` and `Application` is somewhat
    vague -- both are global singletons and both handle dispatching requests.
    `AppServer` works on a lower level, handling sockets and threads.

    """

    from Common import *
    from Object import Object
    from Application import Application
    from ImportManager import ImportManager
    from PlugIn import PlugIn
    from ConfigurableForServerSidePath import ConfigurableForServerSidePath
    import Profiler
    import PidFile

    from threading import Thread, Event

    """
    There is only one instance of AppServer, `globalAppServer` contains
    that instance. Use it like::

        from WebKit.AppServer import globalAppServer
    """

    # This actually gets set inside AppServer.__init__
    globalAppServer = None

    DefaultConfig = {
        'PrintConfigAtStartUp': True,
        'Verbose': True,
        'Host': '127.0.0.1',
        'EnableAdapter': True,
        'AdapterPort': 8086,
        'EnableHTTP': True,
        'HTTPPort': 8080,
        'PlugIns': [],
        'PlugInDirs': [],
        'StartServerThreads': 10,
        'MaxServerThreads': 20,
        'MinServerThreads': 5,
        'CheckInterval': 100,
        'PidFile': 'appserverpid.txt',
    }

    class AppServer(ConfigurableForServerSidePath, Object):
        """The AppServer singleton.

        The `AppServer` singleton is the controlling object/process/thread.
        `AppServer` receives requests and dispatches them to `Application`
        (via `Application.dispatchRawRequest`).

        """

        ## Init ##

        def __init__(self, path=None):
            """Sets up and starts the `AppServer`.

            `path` is the working directory for the AppServer
            (directory in which AppServer is contained, by default)

            This method loads plugins, creates the Application object,
            and starts the request handling loop.

            """
            self.running = 0
            self._startTime = time.time()

            global globalAppServer
            assert globalAppServer is None, \
                'More than one app server; or __init__() invoked more than once.'
            globalAppServer = self

            # Set up the import manager:
            self._imp = ImportManager()

            ConfigurableForServerSidePath.__init__(self)
            Object.__init__(self)
            if path is None:
                path = os.path.dirname(__file__) # os.getcwd()
            self._serverSidePath = os.path.abspath(path)
            self._webKitPath = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__))
            self._webwarePath = os.path.dirname(self._webKitPath)

            self.recordPID()

            self._verbose = self.setting('Verbose')
            self._plugIns = []
            self._requestID = 0

            self.checkForInstall()
            self.config() # cache the config
            self.printStartUpMessage()
            sys.setcheckinterval(self.setting('CheckInterval'))
            self._app = self.createApplication()
            self.loadPlugIns()

            # @@ 2003-03 ib: shouldn't this just be in a subclass's __init__?
            if self.isPersistent():
                self._closeEvent = Event()
                self._closeThread = Thread(target=self.closeThread,
                    name="CloseThread")
                # self._closeThread.setDaemon(1)
                self._closeThread.start()
            self.running = 1

        def checkForInstall(self):
            """Check whether Webware was installed.

            Exits with an error message if Webware was not installed.
            Called from `__init__`.

            """
            if not os.path.exists(os.path.join(self._webwarePath, 'install.log')):
                sys.stdout = sys.stderr
                print 'ERROR: You have not installed Webware.'
                print 'Please run install.py from inside the Webware directory.'
                print 'For example:'
                print '> cd ..'
                print '> python install.py'
                print
                sys.exit(0)

        def readyForRequests(self):
            """Declare ready for getting requests.

            Should be invoked by subclasses when they are finally ready to
            accept requests. Records some stats and prints a message.

            """
            if Profiler.startTime is None:
                Profiler.startTime = self._startTime
            Profiler.readyTime = time.time()
            Profiler.readyDuration = Profiler.readyTime - Profiler.startTime
            print "Ready (%.2f seconds after launch)." % Profiler.readyDuration
            sys.stdout.flush()
            sys.stderr.flush()

        def closeThread(self):
            """This method is called when the shutdown sequence is initiated."""
            self._closeEvent.wait()
            self.shutDown()

        def initiateShutdown(self):
            """Ask the master thread to begin the shutdown."""
            self._closeEvent.set()

        def recordPID(self):
            """Save the pid of the AppServer to a file."""
            if self.setting('PidFile') is None:
                self._pidFile = None
                return
            pidpath = self.serverSidePath(self.setting('PidFile'))
            try:
                self._pidFile = PidFile.PidFile(pidpath)
            except PidFile.ProcessRunning:
                assert 0, '\n%s exists and contains a process id corresponding' \
                    ' to a running process.\nThis indicates that there is an' \
                    ' AppServer already running.\nIf this is not the case,' \
                    ' please delete this file and restart the AppServer.' % pidpath

        def shutDown(self):
            """Shut down the AppServer.

            Subclasses may override and normally follow this sequence:
                1. set self.running = 1 (request to shut down)
                2. class specific statements for shutting down
                3. Invoke super's shutDown() e.g., ``AppServer.shutDown(self)``
                4. set self.running = 0 (server is completely down)

            """
            print "AppServer is shutting down..."
            sys.stdout.flush()
            self.running = 1
            self._app.shutDown()
            del self._plugIns
            del self._app
            if self._pidFile:
                self._pidFile.remove() # remove the pid file
            if Profiler.profiler:
                # The profile stats will be dumped by Launch.py.
                # You might also considering having a page/servlet
                # that lets you dump the stats on demand.
                print 'AppServer ran for %0.2f seconds.' % (
                    time.time() - Profiler.startTime)
            print "AppServer has been shutdown."
            sys.stdout.flush()
            sys.stderr.flush()
            self.running = 0

        ## Configuration ##

        def defaultConfig(self):
            """Return the default configuration."""
            return DefaultConfig

        def configFilename(self):
            """Return the name of the AppServer configuration file."""
            return self.serverSidePath('Configs/AppServer.config')

        def configReplacementValues(self):
            """Get config values that need to be escaped."""
            # Since these strings may be eval'ed as ordinary strings,
            # we need to use forward slashes instead of backslashes.
            # Note: This is only needed for old style config files.
            # In new style config files, they are note eval'ed, but used
            # directly, so double escaping would be a bad idea here.
            return {
                'WebwarePath': self._webwarePath.replace('\\', '/'),
                'WebKitPath': self._webKitPath.replace('\\', '/'),
                'serverSidePath': self._serverSidePath.replace('\\', '/'),
                }

        ## Network Server ##

        def createApplication(self):
            """Create and return an application object. Invoked by __init__."""
            return Application(server=self)

        def printStartUpMessage(self):
            """Invoked by __init__, prints a little intro."""
            print 'WebKit AppServer', self.version()
            print 'Part of Webware for Python.'
            print 'Copyright 1999-2001 by Chuck Esterbrook. All Rights Reserved.'
            print 'WebKit and Webware are open source.'
            print 'Please visit: http://www.webwareforpython.org'
            print
            print 'Process id is', os.getpid()
            print 'Date/time is', time.asctime(time.localtime(time.time()))
            print 'Python is', sys.version.replace(') [', ')\n[')
            print
            if self.setting('PrintConfigAtStartUp'):
                self.printConfig()

        ## Plug-in loading ##

        def plugIns(self):
            """Return a list of the plug-ins loaded by the app server.

            Each plug-in is a Python package.

            """
            return self._plugIns

        def plugIn(self, name, default=NoDefault):
            """ Return the plug-in with the given name. """
            # @@ 2001-04-25 ce: linear search. yuck.
            # Plus we should guarantee plug-in name uniqueness anyway
            for pi in self._plugIns:
                if pi.name() == name:
                    return pi
            if default is NoDefault:
                raise KeyError, name
            else:
                return default

        def loadPlugIn(self, path):
            """Load and return the given plug-in.

            May return None if loading was unsuccessful (in which case this method
            prints a message saying so). Used by `loadPlugIns` (note the **s**).

            """
            plugIn = None
            path = self.serverSidePath(path)
            try:
                plugIn = PlugIn(self, path)
                willNotLoadReason = plugIn.load()
                if willNotLoadReason:
                    print '    Plug-in %s cannot be loaded because:\n' \
                        '    %s' % (path, willNotLoadReason)
                    return None
                plugIn.install()
            except:
                from traceback import print_exc
                print_exc(file=sys.stderr)
                self.error('Plug-in %s raised exception.' % path)
            return plugIn

        def loadPlugIns(self):
            """Load all plug-ins.

            A plug-in allows you to extend the functionality of WebKit without
            necessarily having to modify its source. Plug-ins are loaded by
            AppServer at startup time, just before listening for requests.
            See the docs in `WebKit.PlugIn` for more info.

            """
            plugIns = self.setting('PlugIns')
            plugIns = map(lambda path, ssp=self.serverSidePath: ssp(path), plugIns)

            # Scan each directory named in the PlugInDirs list.
            # If those directories contain Python packages (that don't have
            # a "dontload" file) then add them to the plugs in list.
            for plugInDir in self.setting('PlugInDirs'):
                plugInDir = self.serverSidePath(plugInDir)
                for filename in os.listdir(plugInDir):
                    filename = os.path.normpath(os.path.join(plugInDir, filename))
                    if (os.path.isdir(filename)
                        and os.path.exists(os.path.join(filename, '__init__.py'))
                        and os.path.exists(os.path.join(filename, 'Properties.py'))
                        and not os.path.exists(os.path.join(filename, 'dontload'))
                        and os.path.basename(filename) != 'WebKit'
                        and filename not in plugIns):
                        plugIns.append(filename)

            print 'Plug-ins list:', ', '.join(plugIns)

            # Now that we have our plug-in list, load them...
            for plugInPath in plugIns:
                plugIn = self.loadPlugIn(plugInPath)
                if plugIn:
                    self._plugIns.append(plugIn)
            print

        ## Accessors ##

        def version(self):
            """Return WebKit version."""
            if not hasattr(self,'_webKitVersionString'):
                from MiscUtils.PropertiesObject import PropertiesObject
                props = PropertiesObject(os.path.join(self.webKitPath(), 'Properties.py'))
                self._webKitVersionString = props['versionString']
            return self._webKitVersionString

        def application(self):
            """Return the Application singleton."""
            return self._app

        def startTime(self):
            """Return the time the app server was started.

            The time is given as seconds, like time().

            """
            return self._startTime

        def numRequests(self):
            """Return the number of requests.

            Returns the number of requests received by this app server
            since it was launched.

            """
            return self._requestID

        def isPersistent(self):
            """Check whether the AppServer is persistent.

            When using ``OneShot``, the AppServer will exist only for a single
            request, otherwise it will stay around indefinitely.

            """
            raise AbstractError, self.__class__

        def serverSidePath(self, path=None):
            """Return the absolute server-side path of the WebKit app server.

            If the optional path is passed in, then it is joined with the
            server side directory to form a path relative to the app server.

            """
            if path:
                return os.path.normpath(os.path.join(self._serverSidePath, path))
            else:
                return self._serverSidePath

        def webwarePath(self):
            """Return the Webware path."""
            return self._webwarePath

        def webKitPath(self):
            """Return teh WebKit path."""
            return self._webKitPath

        ## Warnings and Errors ##

        def warning(self, msg):
            """Output a warning (not yet implemented)."""
            # @@ 2000-04-25 ce: would this be useful?
            raise NotImplementedError

        def error(self, msg):
            """Output an error.

            Flushes stdout and stderr, prints the message to stderr
            and exits with code 1.

            """
            sys.stdout.flush()
            sys.stderr.flush()
            sys.stderr.write('ERROR: %s\n' % msg)
            sys.stderr.flush()
            sys.exit(1) # @@ 2000-05-29 ce: Doesn't work. Perhaps because of threads

    ## Main ##

    def main():
        """Start the Appserver."""
        try:
            server = AppServer()
            print "Ready."
            print
            print "WARNING: There is nothing to do here with the abstract AppServer."
            print "Use one of the adapters such as WebKit.cgi (with ThreadedAppServer)"
            print "or OneShot.cgi"
            server.shutDown()
        except Exception, exc: # Need to kill the sweeper thread somehow
            print "Caught exception:", exc
            print "Exiting AppServer..."
            server.shutDown()
            del server
            sys.exit()

    def kill(pid):
        """Kill a process."""
        try:
            from signal import SIGTERM
            os.kill(pid, SIGTERM)
        except:
            if os.name == 'nt':
                import win32api
                handle = win32api.OpenProcess(1, 0, pid)
                win32api.TerminateProcess(handle, 0)
            else:
                raise

    def stop(*args, **kw):
        """Stop the AppServer (which may be in a different process)."""
        print "Stopping the AppServer..."
        if kw.has_key('workDir'):
            # app directory
            pidfile = os.path.join(kw['workDir'], "appserverpid.txt")
        else:
            # pidfile is in WebKit directory
            pidfile = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__),"appserverpid.txt")
        try:
            pid = int(open(pidfile).read())
        except:
            print "Cannot read process id from pidfile."
        else:
            try:
                kill(pid)
            except:
                from traceback import print_exc
                print_exc(1)
                print "WebKit cannot terminate the running process."

    if __name__=='__main__':
        main()