Scilab Function
Last update : 12/1/2004

ui_observer - unknown input observer

### Calling Sequence

  `[UIobs,J,N]=ui_observer(Sys,reject,C1,D1)`
  `[UIobs,J,N]=ui_observer(Sys,reject,C1,D1,flag,alfa,beta)`

### Parameters

- `Sys`: `syslin` list containing the matrices `(A,B,C2,D2)`.
- `reject`: integer vector, indices of inputs of `Sys` which are unknown.
- `C1`: real matrix
- `D1`: real matrix. `C1` and `D1` have the same number of rows.
- `flag`: string `'ge'` or `'st'` (default) or `'pp'`.
- `alfa`: real or complex vector (loc. of closed loop poles)
- `beta`: real or complex vector (loc. of closed loop poles)

### Description

Unknown input observer.

`Sys: (w,u) --> y` is a `(A,B,C2,D2)` syslin linear system with two inputs w and u, w being the unknown input. The matrices B and D2 of Sys are (implicitly) partitioned as: `B=[B1,B2]` and `D2=[D21,D22]` with `B1=B(:,reject)` and `D21=D2(:,reject)` where reject = indices of unknown inputs. The matrices `C1` and `D1` define `z = C1 x + D1 (w,u)`, the to-be-estimated output.

The matrix `D1` is (implicitly) partitioned as `D1=[D11,D12]` with `D11=D(:,reject)`

The data (Sys, reject,C1, D1) define a 2-input 2-output system:

      xdot =  A x + B1  w + B2  u
         z = C1 x + D11 w + D12 u
         y = C2 x + D21 w + D22 u

An observer `(u,y) --> zhat` is looked for the output z.

`flag='ge'` no stability constraints `flag='st'` stable observer (default) `flag='pp'` observer with pole placement alfa,beta = desired location of closed loop poles (default -1, -2) J=y-output to x-state injection. N=y-output to z-estimated output injection.

UIobs = linear system (u,y) --> zhat such that: The transfer function: (w,u) --> z equals the composed transfer function: [0,I; UIobs Sys] (w,u) -----> (u,y) -----> zhat i.e. transfer function of system {A,B,C1,D1} equals transfer function `UIobs*[0,I; Sys]`

Stability (resp. pole placement) requires detectability (resp. observability) of (A,C2).

### Examples

    A=diag([3,-3,7,4,-4,8]);
    B=[eye(3,3);zeros(3,3)];
    C=[0,0,1,2,3,4;0,0,0,0,0,1];
    D=[1,2,3;0,0,0];
    rand('seed',0);w=ss2ss(syslin('c',A,B,C,D),rand(6,6));
    [A,B,C,D]=abcd(w);
    B=[B,matrix(1:18,6,3)];D=[D,matrix(-(1:6),2,3)];
    reject=1:3;
    Sys=syslin('c',A,B,C,D);
    N1=[-2,-3];C1=-N1*C;D1=-N1*D;
    nw=length(reject);nu=size(Sys('B'),2)-nw;
    ny=size(Sys('C'),1);nz=size(C1,1);
    [UIobs,J,N]=ui_observer(Sys,reject,C1,D1);

    W=[zeros(nu,nw),eye(nu,nu);Sys];UIobsW=UIobs*W;
    //(w,u) --> z=UIobs*[0,I;Sys](w,u)
    clean(ss2tf(UIobsW));
    wu_to_z=syslin('c',A,B,C1,D1);clean(ss2tf(wu_to_z));
    clean(ss2tf(wu_to_z)-ss2tf(UIobsW),1.d-7)
    /////2nd example//////
    nx=2;ny=3;nwu=2;Sys=ssrand(ny,nwu,nx);
    C1=rand(1,nx);D1=[0,1];
    UIobs=ui_observer(Sys,1,C1,D1);

### See Also

`cainv`, `ddp`, `abinv`,

### Author

F.D.