Руководство по PHP
Пред. | Приложение M. List of Supported Protocols/Wrappers | След.

# HTTP and HTTPS

PHP 3, PHP 4, PHP 5. `https://` since PHP 4.3.0

- `http://example.com`

- `http://example.com/file.php?var1=val1&var2=val2`

- `http://user:password@example.com`

- `https://example.com`

- `https://example.com/file.php?var1=val1&var2=val2`

- `https://user:password@example.com`

Allows read-only access to files/resources via HTTP 1.0, using the HTTP GET method. A `Host:` header is sent with the request to handle name-based virtual hosts. If you have configured a user_agent string using your ini file or the stream context, it will also be included in the request.

Внимание

При использовании SSL, Microsoft IIS нарушает протокол, закрывая соединение без отправки индикатора close_notify. PHP сообщит об этом как о "SSL: Fatal Protocol Error" в тот момент, когда вы достигнете конца данных. Чтобы обойти это, вы должны установить error_reporting на уровень, исключающий E_WARNING. PHP версий 4.3.7 и старше умеет определять, что на стороне сервера находится проблемный IIS и не выводит предупреждение. Если вы используете fsockopen() для создания ssl:// сокета, вы сами отвечаете за определение и подавление этого предупреждения.

Redirects have been supported since PHP 4.0.5; if you are using an earlier version you will need to include trailing slashes in your URLs. If it's important to know the URL of the resource where your document came from (after all redirects have been processed), you'll need to process the series of response headers returned by the stream.

`<?php
$url = 'http://www.example.com/redirecting_page.php';
$fp = fopen($url, 'r');
/* Prior to PHP 4.3.0 use $http_response_header
instead of stream_get_meta_data() */
$meta_data = stream_get_meta_data($fp);
foreach($meta_data['wrapper_data'] as $response) {
/* Were we redirected? */
if (substr(strtolower($response), 0, 10) == 'location: ') {
/* update $url with where we were redirected to */
$url = substr($response, 18);
}
}
?>`

Пример M-2. Fetch a page and send POST data

`<?php $postdata = http_build_query( array( 'var1' => 'some content', 'var2' => 'doh' ) ); $opts = array('http' => array( 'method' => 'POST', 'header' => 'Content-type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded', 'content' => $postdata ) ); $context = stream_context_create($opts); $result = file_get_contents('http://example.com/submit.php', false, $context); ?>`

The stream allows access to the body of the resource; the headers are stored in the `$http_response_header` variable. Since PHP 4.3.0, the headers are available using stream_get_meta_data().

HTTP connections are read-only; you cannot write data or copy files to an HTTP resource.

> Замечание: HTTPS is supported starting from PHP 4.3.0, if you have compiled in support for OpenSSL.

Таблица M-2. Wrapper Summary

Attribute | Supported
--- | ---
Restricted by allow_url_fopen | Yes
Allows Reading | Yes
Allows Writing | No
Allows Appending | No
Allows Simultaneous Reading and Writing | N/A
Supports stat() | No
Supports unlink() | No
Supports rename() | No
Supports mkdir() | No
Supports rmdir() | No

Таблица M-3. Context options

Name | Usage | Default
--- | --- | ---
`method` | `GET`, `POST`, or any other HTTP method supported by the remote server. | `GET`
`header` | Additional headers to be sent during request. Values in this option will override other values (such as `User-agent:`, `Host:`, and `Authentication:`). |
`user_agent` | Value to send with User-Agent: header. This value will only be used if user-agent is not specified in the `header` context option above. | `php.ini` setting: `user_agent`
`content` | Additional data to be sent after the headers. Typically used with POST or PUT requests. |
`proxy` | URI specifying address of proxy server. (e.g. `tcp://proxy.example.com:5100`). HTTPS proxying (through HTTP proxies) only works in PHP 5.1.0 or greater. |
`request_fulluri` | When set to `TRUE`, the entire URI will be used when constructing the request. (i.e. `GET http://www.example.com/path/to/file.html HTTP/1.0`). While this is a non-standard request format, some proxy servers require it. | `FALSE`
`max_redirects` | The max number of redirects to follow. Value `1` or less means that no redirects are followed. Added in PHP 5.1.0. | 20
`protocol_version` | HTTP protocol version. Added in PHP 5.1.0. | 1.0
`timeout` | Read timeout in seconds, specified by a float (e.g. `10.5`). Added in PHP 5.2.1. | default_socket_timeout

> Underlying socket stream context options: Additional context options may be supported by the underlying transport For `http://` streams, refer to context options for the `tcp://` transport. For `https://` streams, refer to context options for the `ssl://` transport.

Custom headers may be sent with an HTTP request prior to version 5 by taking advantage of a side-effect in the handling of the `user_agent` INI setting. Set `user_agent` to any valid string (such as the default `PHP/version` setting) followed by a carriage-return/line-feed pair and any additional headers. This method works in PHP4 and all later versions.

Пример M-3. Sending custom headers with an HTTP request

`<?php ini_set('user_agent', "PHP\r\nX-MyCustomHeader: Foo"); $fp = fopen('http://www.example.com/index.php', 'r'); ?>`

Results in the following request being sent:

    GET /index.php HTTP/1.0
    Host: www.example.com
    User-Agent: PHP
    X-MyCustomHeader: Foo

Пред. | Начало | След.
Socket | Уровень выше | FTP and FTPS