#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# File:         ID3.pm
#
# Description:  Read ID3 meta information
#
# Revisions:    09/12/2005 - P. Harvey Created
#
# References:   1) http://www.id3.org/
#               2) http://www.mp3-tech.org/
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

package Image::ExifTool::ID3;

use strict;
use vars qw($VERSION);
use Image::ExifTool qw(:DataAccess :Utils);

$VERSION = '1.11';

sub ProcessID3v2($$$);
sub ProcessPrivate($$$);

# audio formats that we process after an ID3v2 header (in order)
my @audioFormats = qw(APE MPC FLAC OGG MP3);

# audio formats where the processing proc is in a different module
my %audioModule = (
    MP3 => 'ID3',
    OGG => 'Vorbis',
);

my %warnedOnce;     # hash of warnings we issued

# This table is just for documentation purposes
%Image::ExifTool::ID3::Main = (
    PROCESS_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::ProcessBinaryData, # (not really)
    NOTES => q{
        ExifTool extracts ID3 information from MP3, MPEG, AIFF, OGG, FLAC, APE and
        RealAudio files.
    },
    ID3v1 => {
        Name => 'ID3v1',
        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::ID3::v1' },
    },
    ID3v22 => {
        Name => 'ID3v2_2',
        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::ID3::v2_2' },
    },
    ID3v23 => {
        Name => 'ID3v2_3',
        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::ID3::v2_3' },
    },
    ID3v24 => {
        Name => 'ID3v2_4',
        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::ID3::v2_4' },
    },
);

# Mapping for ID3v1 Genre numbers
my %genre = (
      0 => 'Blues',
      1 => 'Classic Rock',
      2 => 'Country',
      3 => 'Dance',
      4 => 'Disco',
      5 => 'Funk',
      6 => 'Grunge',
      7 => 'Hip-Hop',
      8 => 'Jazz',
      9 => 'Metal',
     10 => 'New Age',
     11 => 'Oldies',
     12 => 'Other',
     13 => 'Pop',
     14 => 'R&B',
     15 => 'Rap',
     16 => 'Reggae',
     17 => 'Rock',
     18 => 'Techno',
     19 => 'Industrial',
     20 => 'Alternative',
     21 => 'Ska',
     22 => 'Death Metal',
     23 => 'Pranks',
     24 => 'Soundtrack',
     25 => 'Euro-Techno',
     26 => 'Ambient',
     27 => 'Trip-Hop',
     28 => 'Vocal',
     29 => 'Jazz+Funk',
     30 => 'Fusion',
     31 => 'Trance',
     32 => 'Classical',
     33 => 'Instrumental',
     34 => 'Acid',
     35 => 'House',
     36 => 'Game',
     37 => 'Sound Clip',
     38 => 'Gospel',
     39 => 'Noise',
     40 => 'AlternRock',
     41 => 'Bass',
     42 => 'Soul',
     43 => 'Punk',
     44 => 'Space',
     45 => 'Meditative',
     46 => 'Instrumental Pop',
     47 => 'Instrumental Rock',
     48 => 'Ethnic',
     49 => 'Gothic',
     50 => 'Darkwave',
     51 => 'Techno-Industrial',
     52 => 'Electronic',
     53 => 'Pop-Folk',
     54 => 'Eurodance',
     55 => 'Dream',
     56 => 'Southern Rock',
     57 => 'Comedy',
     58 => 'Cult',
     59 => 'Gangsta',
     60 => 'Top 40',
     61 => 'Christian Rap',
     62 => 'Pop/Funk',
     63 => 'Jungle',
     64 => 'Native American',
     65 => 'Cabaret',
     66 => 'New Wave',
     67 => 'Psychadelic',
     68 => 'Rave',
     69 => 'Showtunes',
     70 => 'Trailer',
     71 => 'Lo-Fi',
     72 => 'Tribal',
     73 => 'Acid Punk',
     74 => 'Acid Jazz',
     75 => 'Polka',
     76 => 'Retro',
     77 => 'Musical',
     78 => 'Rock & Roll',
     79 => 'Hard Rock',
     # The following genres are Winamp extensions
     80 => 'Folk',
     81 => 'Folk-Rock',
     82 => 'National Folk',
     83 => 'Swing',
     84 => 'Fast Fusion',
     85 => 'Bebob',
     86 => 'Latin',
     87 => 'Revival',
     88 => 'Celtic',
     89 => 'Bluegrass',
     90 => 'Avantgarde',
     91 => 'Gothic Rock',
     92 => 'Progressive Rock',
     93 => 'Psychedelic Rock',
     94 => 'Symphonic Rock',
     95 => 'Slow Rock',
     96 => 'Big Band',
     97 => 'Chorus',
     98 => 'Easy Listening',
     99 => 'Acoustic',
    100 => 'Humour',
    101 => 'Speech',
    102 => 'Chanson',
    103 => 'Opera',
    104 => 'Chamber Music',
    105 => 'Sonata',
    106 => 'Symphony',
    107 => 'Booty Bass',
    108 => 'Primus',
    109 => 'Porn Groove',
    110 => 'Satire',
    111 => 'Slow Jam',
    112 => 'Club',
    113 => 'Tango',
    114 => 'Samba',
    115 => 'Folklore',
    116 => 'Ballad',
    117 => 'Power Ballad',
    118 => 'Rhythmic Soul',
    119 => 'Freestyle',
    120 => 'Duet',
    121 => 'Punk Rock',
    122 => 'Drum Solo',
    123 => 'Acapella',
    124 => 'Euro-House',
    125 => 'Dance Hall',
    255 => 'None',
    # ID3v2 adds some text short forms...
    CR  => 'Cover',
    RX  => 'Remix',
);

# Tags for ID3v1
%Image::ExifTool::ID3::v1 = (
    PROCESS_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::ProcessBinaryData,
    GROUPS => { 1 => 'ID3v1', 2 => 'Audio' },
    PRIORITY => 0,  # let ID3v2 tags replace these if they come later
    3 => {
        Name => 'Title',
        Format => 'string[30]',
        ValueConv => 'Image::ExifTool::Latin2Charset($self,$val)',
    },
    33 => {
        Name => 'Artist',
        Groups => { 2 => 'Author' },
        Format => 'string[30]',
        ValueConv => 'Image::ExifTool::Latin2Charset($self,$val)',
    },
    63 => {
        Name => 'Album',
        Format => 'string[30]',
        ValueConv => 'Image::ExifTool::Latin2Charset($self,$val)',
    },
    93 => {
        Name => 'Year',
        Groups => { 2 => 'Time' },
        Format => 'string[4]',
    },
    97 => {
        Name => 'Comment',
        Format => 'string[30]',
        ValueConv => 'Image::ExifTool::Latin2Charset($self,$val)',
    },
    127 => {
        Name => 'Genre',
        Notes => 'CR and RX are ID3v2 only',
        Format => 'int8u',
        PrintConv => \%genre,
    },
);

# Tags for ID2v2.2
%Image::ExifTool::ID3::v2_2 = (
    PROCESS_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::ID3::ProcessID3v2,
    GROUPS => { 1 => 'ID3v2_2', 2 => 'Audio' },
    NOTES => q{
ExifTool extracts mainly text-based tags from ID3v2 information.  The tags
in the tables below are those extracted by ExifTool, and don't represent a
complete list of available ID3v2 tags.

ID3 version 2.2 tags.  (These are the tags written by iTunes 5.0.)
    },
    CNT => 'PlayCounter',
    COM => 'Comment',
    IPL => 'InvolvedPeople',
    PIC => {
        Name => 'Picture',
        Binary => 1,
    },
  # POP => 'Popularimeter',
    TAL => 'Album',
    TBP => 'BeatsPerMinute',
    TCM => 'Composer',
    TCO =>{
        Name => 'Genre',
        Notes => 'uses same lookup table as ID3v1 Genre',
        PrintConv => 'Image::ExifTool::ID3::PrintGenre($val)',
    },
    TCP => 'Compilation', # not part of spec, but used by iTunes
    TCR => { Name => 'Copyright', Groups => { 2 => 'Author' } },
    TDA => { Name => 'Date', Groups => { 2 => 'Time' } },
    TDY => 'PlaylistDelay',
    TEN => 'EncodedBy',
    TFT => 'FileType',
    TIM => { Name => 'Time', Groups => { 2 => 'Time' } },
    TKE => 'InitialKey',
    TLA => 'Language',
    TLE => 'Length',
    TMT => 'Media',
    TOA => { Name => 'OriginalArtist', Groups => { 2 => 'Author' } },
    TOF => 'OriginalFilename',
    TOL => 'OriginalLyricist',
    TOR => 'OriginalReleaseYear',
    TOT => 'OriginalAlbum',
    TP1 => { Name => 'Artist', Groups => { 2 => 'Author' } },
    TP2 => 'Band',
    TP3 => 'Conductor',
    TP4 => 'InterpretedBy',
    TPA => 'PartOfSet',
    TPB => 'Publisher',
    TRC => 'ISRC', # (international standard recording code)
    TRD => 'RecordingDates',
    TRK => 'Track',
    TSI => 'Size',
    TSS => 'EncoderSettings',
    TT1 => 'Grouping',
    TT2 => 'Title',
    TT3 => 'Subtitle',
    TXT => 'Lyricist',
    TXX => 'UserDefinedText',
    TYE => { Name => 'Year', Groups => { 2 => 'Time' } },
    ULT => 'Lyrics',
    WAF => 'FileRUL',
    WAR => { Name => 'ArtistURL', Groups => { 2 => 'Author' } },
    WAS => 'SourceURL',
    WCM => 'CommercialURL',
    WCP => { Name => 'CopyrightURL', Groups => { 2 => 'Author' } },
    WPB => 'PublisherURL',
    WXX => 'UserDefinedURL',
);

# tags common to ID3v2.3 and ID3v2.4
my %id3v2_common = (
  # AENC => 'AudioEncryption', # Owner, preview start, preview length, encr data
    APIC => {
        Name => 'Picture',
        Binary => 1,
    },
    COMM => 'Comment',
  # COMR => 'Commercial',
  # ENCR => 'EncryptionMethod',
  # ETCO => 'EventTimingCodes',
  # GEOB => 'GeneralEncapsulatedObject',
  # GRID => 'GroupIdentification',
  # LINK => 'LinkedInformation',
    MCDI => { Name => 'MusicCDIdentifier', Binary => 1 },
  # MLLT => 'MPEGLocationLookupTable',
  # OWNE => 'Ownership', # enc(1), _price, 00, _date(8), Seller
    PCNT => 'PlayCounter',
  # POPM => 'Popularimeter', # _email, 00, rating(1), counter(4-N)
  # POSS => 'PostSynchronization',
    PRIV => {
        Name => 'Private',
        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::ID3::Private' },
    },
  # RBUF => 'RecommendedBufferSize',
  # RVRB => 'Reverb',
  # SYLT => 'SynchronizedLyricText',
  # SYTC => 'SynchronizedTempoCodes',
    TALB => 'Album',
    TBPM => 'BeatsPerMinute',
    TCOM => 'Composer',
    TCON =>{
        Name => 'Genre',
        Notes => 'uses same lookup table as ID3v1 Genre',
        PrintConv => 'Image::ExifTool::ID3::PrintGenre($val)',
    },
    TCOP => { Name => 'Copyright', Groups => { 2 => 'Author' } },
    TDLY => 'PlaylistDelay',
    TENC => 'EncodedBy',
    TEXT => 'Lyricist',
    TFLT => 'FileType',
    TIT1 => 'Grouping',
    TIT2 => 'Title',
    TIT3 => 'Subtitle',
    TKEY => 'InitialKey',
    TLAN => 'Language',
    TLEN => {
        Name => 'Length',
        ValueConv => '$val / 1000',
        PrintConv => '"$val sec"',
    },
    TMED => 'Media',
    TOAL => 'OriginalAlbum',
    TOFN => 'OriginalFilename',
    TOLY => 'OriginalLyricist',
    TOPE => { Name => 'OriginalArtist', Groups => { 2 => 'Author' } },
    TOWN => 'FileOwner',
    TPE1 => { Name => 'Artist', Groups => { 2 => 'Author' } },
    TPE2 => 'Band',
    TPE3 => 'Conductor',
    TPE4 => 'InterpretedBy',
    TPOS => 'PartOfSet',
    TPUB => 'Publisher',
    TRCK => 'Track',
    TRSN => 'InternetRadioStationName',
    TRSO => 'InternetRadioStationOwner',
    TSRC => 'ISRC', # (international standard recording code)
    TSSE => 'EncoderSettings',
    TXXX => 'UserDefinedText',
  # UFID => 'UniqueFileID',
    USER => 'TermsOfUse',
    USLT => 'Lyrics',
    WCOM => 'CommercialURL',
    WCOP => 'CopyrightURL',
    WOAF => 'FileRUL',
    WOAR => { Name => 'ArtistURL', Groups => { 2 => 'Author' } },
    WOAS => 'SourceURL',
    WORS => 'InternetRadioStationURL',
    WPAY => 'PaymentURL',
    WPUB => 'PublisherURL',
    WXXX => 'UserDefinedURL',
);

# Tags for ID3v2.3 (http://www.id3.org/id3v2.3.0)
%Image::ExifTool::ID3::v2_3 = (
    PROCESS_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::ID3::ProcessID3v2,
    GROUPS => { 1 => 'ID3v2_3', 2 => 'Audio' },
    NOTES => 'ID3 version 2.3 tags',
    %id3v2_common,  # include common tags
  # EQUA => 'Equalization',
    IPLS => 'InvolvedPeople',
  # RVAD => 'RelativeVolumeAdjustment',
    TDAT => { Name => 'Date', Groups => { 2 => 'Time' } },
    TIME => { Name => 'Time', Groups => { 2 => 'Time' } },
    TORY => 'OriginalReleaseYear',
    TRDA => 'RecordingDates',
    TSIZ => 'Size',
    TYER => { Name => 'Year', Groups => { 2 => 'Time' } },
);

# Tags for ID3v2.4 (http://www.id3.org/id3v2.4.0-frames)
%Image::ExifTool::ID3::v2_4 = (
    PROCESS_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::ID3::ProcessID3v2,
    GROUPS => { 1 => 'ID3v2_4', 2 => 'Audio' },
    NOTES => 'ID3 version 2.4 tags',
    %id3v2_common,  # include common tags
  # EQU2 => 'Equalization',
  # RVA2 => 'RelativeVolumeAdjustment',
  # SEEK => 'Seek',
  # SIGN => 'Signature',
    TDEN => { Name => 'EncodingTime',       Groups => { 2 => 'Time' } },
    TDOR => { Name => 'OriginalReleaseTime',Groups => { 2 => 'Time' } },
    TDRC => { Name => 'RecordingTime',      Groups => { 2 => 'Time' } },
    TDRL => { Name => 'ReleaseTime',        Groups => { 2 => 'Time' } },
    TDTG => { Name => 'TaggingTime',        Groups => { 2 => 'Time' } },
    TIPL => 'InvolvedPeople',
    TMCL => 'MusicianCredits',
    TMOO => 'Mood',
    TPRO => 'ProducedNotice',
    TSOA => 'AlbumSortOrder',
    TSOP => 'PerformerSortOrder',
    TSOT => 'TitleSortOrder',
    TSST => 'SetSubtitle',
);

# ID3 PRIV tags (ref PH)
%Image::ExifTool::ID3::Private = (
    PROCESS_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::ID3::ProcessPrivate,
    GROUPS => { 1 => 'ID3', 2 => 'Audio' },
    NOTES => 'ID3 private (PRIV) tags.',
    XMP => {
        SubDirectory => {
            DirName => 'XMP',
            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::XMP::Main',
        },
    },
    PeakValue => {
        ValueConv => 'length($val)==4 ? unpack("V",$val) : \$val',
    },
    AverageLevel => {
        ValueConv => 'length($val)==4 ? unpack("V",$val) : \$val',
    },
);

# can't share tagInfo hashes between two tables, so we must make
# copies of the necessary hashes
{
    my $tag;
    foreach $tag (keys %id3v2_common) {
        next unless ref $id3v2_common{$tag} eq 'HASH';
        my %tagInfo = %{$id3v2_common{$tag}};
        $Image::ExifTool::ID3::v2_4{$tag} = \%tagInfo;
    }
}

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Process ID3 PRIV data
# Inputs: 0) ExifTool object ref, 1) dirInfo ref, 2) tag table ref
sub ProcessPrivate($$$)
{
    my ($exifTool, $dirInfo, $tagTablePtr) = @_;
    my $dataPt = $$dirInfo{DataPt};
    my ($tag, $start);
    if ($$dataPt =~ /^(.*?)\0/) {
        $tag = $1;
        $start = length($tag) + 1;
    } else {
        $tag = '';
        $start = 0;
    }
    unless ($$tagTablePtr{$tag}) {
        $tag =~ tr{/ }{_}d; # translate '/' to '_' and remove spaces
        $tag = 'private' unless $tag =~ /^[-\w]{1,24}$/;
        unless ($$tagTablePtr{$tag}) {
            Image::ExifTool::AddTagToTable($tagTablePtr, $tag,
                { Name => ucfirst($tag), Binary => 1 });
        }
    }
    my $key = $exifTool->HandleTag($tagTablePtr, $tag, undef,
        Size  => length($$dataPt) - $start,
        Start => $start,
        DataPt => $dataPt,
    );
    # set group1 name
    $exifTool->SetGroup1($key, $$exifTool{ID3_Ver}) if $key;
}

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Print ID3v2 Genre
# Inputs: TCON or TCO frame data
# Returns: Content type with decoded genre numbers
sub PrintGenre($)
{
    my $val = shift;
    # make sure that %genre has an entry for all numbers we are interested in
    # (genre numbers are in brackets for ID3v2.2 and v2.3)
    while ($val =~ /\((\d+)\)/g) {
        $genre{$1} or $genre{$1} = "Unknown ($1)";
    }
    # (genre numbers are separated by nulls in ID3v2.4,
    #  but nulls are converted to '/' by DecodeString())
    while ($val =~ /(?:^|\/)(\d+)/g) {
        $genre{$1} or $genre{$1} = "Unknown ($1)";
    }
    $val =~ s/\((\d+)\)/\($genre{$1}\)/g;
    $val =~ s/(^|\/)(\d+)/$1$genre{$2}/g;
    return $val;
}

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Decode ID3 string
# Inputs: 0) ExifTool object reference, 1) string beginning with encoding byte
# Returns: Decoded string in scalar context, or list of strings in list context
sub DecodeString($$)
{
    my ($exifTool, $val) = @_;
    return '' unless length $val;
    my $enc = unpack('C', $val);
    $val = substr($val, 1); # remove encoding byte
    my @vals;
    if ($enc == 0) {        # ISO 8859-1
        $val =~ s/\0+$//;   # remove any null padding
        $val = $exifTool->Latin2Charset($val);
        @vals = split "\0", $val;
    } elsif ($enc == 3) {   # UTF-8
        $val =~ s/\0+$//;
        $val = $exifTool->UTF82Charset($val);
        @vals = split "\0", $val;
    } elsif ($enc == 1 or $enc == 2) {  # UTF-16 with BOM, or UTF-16BE
        my $bom = "\xfe\xff";
        my %order = ( "\xfe\xff" => 'MM', "\xff\xfe", => 'II' );
        for (;;) {
            my $v;
            # split string at null terminators on word boundaries
            if ($val =~ s/((..)*?)\0\0//) {
                $v = $1;
            } else {
                last unless length $val > 1;
                $v = $val;
                $val = '';
            }
            $bom = $1 if $v =~ s/^(\xfe\xff|\xff\xfe)//;
            push @vals, $exifTool->Unicode2Charset($v, $order{$bom});
        }
    } else {
        $val =~ s/\0+$//;
        return "<Unknown encoding $enc> $val";
    }
    return @vals if wantarray;
    return join('/',@vals);
}

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Issue one warning of each type
# Inputs: 0) ExifTool object reference, 1) warning
sub WarnOnce($$)
{
    my ($exifTool, $warn) = @_;
    unless ($warnedOnce{$warn}) {
        $warnedOnce{$warn} = 1;
        $exifTool->Warn($warn);
    }
}
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Process ID3v2 information
# Inputs: 0) ExifTool object ref, 1) dirInfo ref, 2) tag table ref
sub ProcessID3v2($$$)
{
    my ($exifTool, $dirInfo, $tagTablePtr) = @_;
    my $dataPt  = $$dirInfo{DataPt};
    my $offset  = $$dirInfo{DirStart};
    my $size    = $$dirInfo{DirLen};
    my $vers    = $$dirInfo{Version};
    my $verbose = $exifTool->Options('Verbose');
    my $len;    # frame data length

    $verbose and $exifTool->VerboseDir($tagTablePtr->{GROUPS}->{1}, 0, $size);
    undef %warnedOnce;

    for (;;$offset+=$len) {
        my ($id, $flags, $hi);
        if ($vers < 0x0300) {
            # version 2.2 frame header is 6 bytes
            last if $offset + 6 > $size;
            ($id, $hi, $len) = unpack("x${offset}a3Cn",$$dataPt);
            last if $id eq "\0\0\0";
            $len += $hi << 16;
            $offset += 6;
        } else {
            # version 2.3/2.4 frame header is 10 bytes
            last if $offset + 10 > $size;
            ($id, $len, $flags) = unpack("x${offset}a4Nn",$$dataPt);
            last if $id eq "\0\0\0\0";
            $offset += 10;
        }
        last if $offset + $len > $size;
        my $tagInfo = $exifTool->GetTagInfo($tagTablePtr, $id);
        unless ($tagInfo) {
            next unless $verbose or $exifTool->Options('Unknown');
            $id =~ tr/-A-Za-z0-9_//dc;
            $id = 'unknown' unless length $id;
            unless ($$tagTablePtr{$id}) {
                $tagInfo = { Name => "ID3_$id", Binary => 1 };
                Image::ExifTool::AddTagToTable($tagTablePtr, $id, $tagInfo);
            }
        }
        # decode v2.3 and v2.4 flags
        my %flags;
        if ($flags) {
            if ($vers < 0x0400) {
                # version 2.3 flags
                $flags & 0x80 and $flags{Compress} = 1;
                $flags & 0x40 and $flags{Encrypt}  = 1;
                $flags & 0x20 and $flags{GroupID}  = 1;
            } else {
                # version 2.4 flags
                $flags & 0x40 and $flags{GroupID}  = 1;
                $flags & 0x08 and $flags{Compress} = 1;
                $flags & 0x04 and $flags{Encrypt}  = 1;
                $flags & 0x02 and $flags{Unsync}   = 1;
                $flags & 0x01 and $flags{DataLen}  = 1;
            }
        }
        if ($flags{Encrypt}) {
            WarnOnce($exifTool, 'Encrypted frames currently not supported');
            next;
        }
        # extract the value
        my $val = substr($$dataPt, $offset, $len);

        # handle the flags
        if ($flags{Unsync}) {
            # reverse the unsynchronization
            $val =~ s/\xff\x00/\xff/g;
        }
        if ($flags{GroupID}) {
            length($val) >= 1 or $exifTool->Warn("Short $id frame"), next;
            # ignore the grouping identity byte
            $val = substr($val, 1);
        }
        if ($flags{DataLen} or $flags{Compress}) {
            length($val) >= 4 or $exifTool->Warn("Short $id frame"), next;
            # ignore data length word
            $val = substr($val, 4);
        }
        if ($flags{Compress}) {
            if (eval 'require Compress::Zlib') {
                my $inflate = Compress::Zlib::inflateInit();
                my ($buff, $stat);
                $inflate and ($buff, $stat) = $inflate->inflate($val);
                if ($inflate and $stat == Compress::Zlib::Z_STREAM_END()) {
                    $val = $buff;
                } else {
                    $exifTool->Warn("Error inflating $id frame");
                    next;
                }
            } else {
                WarnOnce($exifTool,'Install Compress::Zlib to decode compressed frames');
                next;
            }
        }
        $verbose and $exifTool->VerboseInfo($id, $tagInfo,
            Table   => $tagTablePtr,
            Value   => $val,
            DataPt  => $dataPt,
            DataPos => $$dirInfo{DataPos},
            Size    => $len,
            Start   => $offset,
        );
        next unless $tagInfo;
#
# decode data in this frame
#
        my $valLen = length($val);  # actual value length (after decompression, etc)
        if ($id =~ /^(TXX|TXXX)$/) {
            # two encoded strings separated by a null
            my @vals = DecodeString($exifTool, $val);
            foreach (0..1) { $vals[$_] = '' unless defined $vals[$_]; }
            ($val = "($vals[0]) $vals[1]") =~ s/^\(\) //;
        } elsif ($id =~ /^T/ or $id =~ /^(IPL|IPLS)$/) {
            $val = DecodeString($exifTool, $val);
        } elsif ($id =~ /^(WXX|WXXX)$/) {
            # one encoded string and one Latin string separated by a null
            my $enc = unpack('C', $val);
            my $url;
            if ($enc == 1 or $enc == 2) {
                ($val, $url) = ($val =~ /^(.(?:..)*?)\0\0(.*)/);
            } else {
                ($val, $url) = ($val =~ /^(..*?)\0(.*)/);
            }
            unless (defined $val and defined $url) {
                $exifTool->Warn("Invalid $id frame value");
                next;
            }               
            $val = DecodeString($exifTool, $val);
            $url =~ s/\0.*//;
            $val = length($val) ? "($val) $url" : $url;
        } elsif ($id =~ /^W/) {
            $val =~ s/\0.*//;   # truncate at null
        } elsif ($id =~ /^(COM|COMM|ULT|USLT)$/) {
            $valLen > 4 or $exifTool->Warn("Short $id frame"), next;
            substr($val, 1, 3) = '';    # remove language code
            my @vals = DecodeString($exifTool, $val);
            foreach (0..1) { $vals[$_] = '' unless defined $vals[$_]; }
            $val = length($vals[0]) ? "($vals[0]) $vals[1]" : $vals[1];
        } elsif ($id eq 'USER') {
            $valLen > 4 or $exifTool->Warn('Short USER frame'), next;
            substr($val, 1, 3) = '';    # remove language code
            $val = DecodeString($exifTool, $val);
        } elsif ($id =~ /^(CNT|PCNT)$/) {
            $valLen >= 4 or $exifTool->Warn("Short $id frame"), next;
            my $cnt = unpack('N', $val);
            my $i;
            for ($i=4; $i<$valLen; ++$i) {
                $cnt = $cnt * 256 + unpack("x${i}C", $val);
            }
            $val = $cnt;
        } elsif ($id =~ /^(PIC|APIC)$/) {
            $valLen >= 4 or $exifTool->Warn("Short $id frame"), next;
            my $enc = unpack('C', $val);
            my $hdr = ($id eq 'PIC') ? '.{5}.*?\0' : '..*?\0..*?\0';
            # remove header (encoding, image format or MIME type, picture type, description)
            $val =~ s/$hdr//s or $exifTool->Warn("Invalid $id frame"), next;
            $enc and $val =~ s/^\0//;   # remove 2nd terminator if Unicode encoding
        } elsif ($id eq 'PRIV') {
            # save version number to set group1 name for tag later
            $exifTool->{ID3_Ver} = $tagTablePtr->{GROUPS}->{1};
            $exifTool->HandleTag($tagTablePtr, $id, $val);
            next;
        } elsif (not $$tagInfo{Binary}) {
            $exifTool->Warn("Don't know how to handle $id frame");
            next;
        }
        $exifTool->FoundTag($tagInfo, $val);
    }
    undef %warnedOnce;
}

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Extract ID3 information from an audio file
# Inputs: 0) ExifTool object reference, 1) dirInfo reference
# Returns: 1 on success, 0 if this file didn't contain ID3 information
# - also processes audio data if any ID3 information was found
# - sets ExifTool DONE_ID3 to 1 when called, or to 2 if an ID3v1 trailer exists
sub ProcessID3($$)
{
    my ($exifTool, $dirInfo) = @_;
    
    return 0 if $exifTool->{DONE_ID3};  # avoid infinite recursion
    $exifTool->{DONE_ID3} = 1;

    # allow this to be called with either RAF or DataPt
    my $raf = $$dirInfo{RAF} || new File::RandomAccess($$dirInfo{DataPt});
    my ($buff, %id3Header, %id3Trailer, $hBuff, $tBuff, $tBuffPos, $tagTablePtr);
    my $rtnVal = 0;
    my $hdrEnd = 0;

    # read first 3 bytes of file
    $raf->Seek(0, 0);
    return 0 unless $raf->Read($buff, 3) == 3;
#
# identify ID3v2 header
#
    while ($buff =~ /^ID3/) {
        $rtnVal = 1;
        $raf->Read($hBuff, 7) == 7 or $exifTool->Warn('Short ID3 header'), last;
        my ($vers, $flags, $size) = unpack('nCN', $hBuff);
        $size & 0x80808080 and $exifTool->Warn('Invalid ID3 header'), last;
        my $verStr = sprintf("2.%d.%d", $vers >> 8, $vers & 0xff);
        if ($vers >= 0x0500) {
            $exifTool->Warn("Unsupported ID3 version: $verStr");
            last;
        }
        $size =  ($size & 0x0000007f) |
                (($size & 0x00007f00) >> 1) |
                (($size & 0x007f0000) >> 2) |
                (($size & 0x7f000000) >> 3);
        unless ($raf->Read($hBuff, $size) == $size) {
            $exifTool->Warn('Truncated ID3 data');
            last;
        }
        if ($flags & 0x80) {
            # reverse the unsynchronization
            $hBuff =~ s/\xff\x00/\xff/g;
        }
        my $pos = 10;
        if ($flags & 0x40) {
            # skip the extended header
            $size >= 4 or $exifTool->Warn('Bad ID3 extended header'), last;
            my $len = unpack('N', $hBuff);
            if ($len > length($hBuff) - 4) {
                $exifTool->Warn('Truncated ID3 extended header');
                last;
            }
            $hBuff = substr($hBuff, $len + 4);
            $pos += $len + 4;
        }
        if ($flags & 0x10) {
            # ignore v2.4 footer (10 bytes long)
            $raf->Seek(10, 1);
        }
        %id3Header = (
            DataPt   => \$hBuff,
            DataPos  => $pos,
            DirStart => 0,
            DirLen   => length($hBuff),
            Version  => $vers,
            DirName  => "ID3v$verStr",
        );
        if ($vers >= 0x0400) {
            $tagTablePtr = GetTagTable('Image::ExifTool::ID3::v2_4');
        } elsif ($vers >= 0x0300) {
            $tagTablePtr = GetTagTable('Image::ExifTool::ID3::v2_3');
        } else {
            $tagTablePtr = GetTagTable('Image::ExifTool::ID3::v2_2');
        }
        $hdrEnd = $raf->Tell();
        last;
    }
#
# read ID3v1 trailer if it exists
#
    if ($raf->Seek(-128, 2) and $raf->Read($tBuff, 128) == 128 and $tBuff =~ /^TAG/) {
        $exifTool->{DONE_ID3} = 2;  # set to 2 as flag that trailer exists
        %id3Trailer = (
            DataPt   => \$tBuff,
            DataPos  => $raf->Tell() - 128,
            DirStart => 0,
            DirLen   => length($tBuff),
        );
        $rtnVal = 1;
    }
#
# process the the information
#
    if ($rtnVal) {
        # first process audio data if it exists
        if ($$dirInfo{RAF}) {
            my $type = $exifTool->{FILE_TYPE};  # save file type
            # check current file type first
            my @types = grep /^$type$/, @audioFormats;
            push @types, grep(!/^$type$/, @audioFormats);
            my $oldType = $exifTool->{FILE_TYPE};
            foreach $type (@types) {
                # seek to end of ID3 header
                $raf->Seek($hdrEnd, 0);
                # set type for this file if we are successful
                $exifTool->{FILE_TYPE} = $type;
                my $module = $audioModule{$type} || $type;
                require "Image/ExifTool/$module.pm" or next;
                my $func = "Image::ExifTool::${module}::Process$type";
                # process the file
                no strict 'refs';
                &$func($exifTool, $dirInfo) and last;
                use strict 'refs';
            }
            $exifTool->{FILE_TYPE} = $type;     # restore original file type
        }
        # set file type to MP3 if we didn't find audio data
        $exifTool->SetFileType('MP3') unless $exifTool->{VALUE}->{FileType};
        # process ID3v2 header if it exists
        if (%id3Header) {
            $exifTool->VPrint(0, "$id3Header{DirName}:\n");
            $exifTool->ProcessDirectory(\%id3Header, $tagTablePtr);
        }
        # process ID3v1 trailer if it exists
        if (%id3Trailer) {
            $exifTool->VPrint(0, "ID3v1:\n");
            SetByteOrder('MM');
            $tagTablePtr = GetTagTable('Image::ExifTool::ID3::v1');
            $exifTool->ProcessDirectory(\%id3Trailer, $tagTablePtr);
        }
    }
    # return file pointer to start of file to read audio data if necessary
    $raf->Seek(0, 0);
    return $rtnVal;
}

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Extract ID3 information from an MP3 audio file
# Inputs: 0) ExifTool object reference, 1) dirInfo reference
# Returns: 1 on success, 0 if this wasn't a valid MP3 file
sub ProcessMP3($$)
{
    my ($exifTool, $dirInfo) = @_;

    # must first check for leading/trailing ID3 information
    unless ($exifTool->{DONE_ID3}) {
        require Image::ExifTool::ID3;
        Image::ExifTool::ID3::ProcessID3($exifTool, $dirInfo) and return 1;
    }
    my $raf = $$dirInfo{RAF};
    my $rtnVal = 0;
    my $buff;
#
# extract information from first audio/video frame headers
# (if found in the first 256 bytes)
#
    if ($raf->Read($buff, 256)) {
        require Image::ExifTool::MPEG;
        if ($buff =~ /\0\0\x01(\xb3|\xc0)/) {
            # look for A/V headers in first 64kB
            my $buf2;
            $raf->Read($buf2, 65280) and $buff .= $buf2;
            $rtnVal = 1 if Image::ExifTool::MPEG::ProcessMPEGAudioVideo($exifTool, \$buff);
        } else {
            # look for audio frame sync in first 256 bytes
            $rtnVal = 1 if Image::ExifTool::MPEG::ProcessMPEGAudio($exifTool, \$buff);
        }
    }
    return $rtnVal;
}

1;  # end

__END__

=head1 NAME

Image::ExifTool::ID3 - Read ID3 meta information

=head1 SYNOPSIS

This module is used by Image::ExifTool

=head1 DESCRIPTION

This module contains definitions required by Image::ExifTool to extract ID3
information from audio files.  ID3 information is found in MP3 and various
other types of audio files.

=head1 AUTHOR

Copyright 2003-2007, Phil Harvey (phil at owl.phy.queensu.ca)

This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
under the same terms as Perl itself.

=head1 REFERENCES

=over 4

=item L<http://www.id3.org/>

=item L<http://www.mp3-tech.org/>

=back

=head1 SEE ALSO

L<Image::ExifTool::TagNames/ID3 Tags>,
L<Image::ExifTool(3pm)|Image::ExifTool>

=cut

