The Spring Framework

## org.springframework.web.portlet
Interface HandlerInterceptor

All Known Implementing Classes:
  HandlerInterceptorAdapter, ParameterMappingInterceptor, UserRoleAuthorizationInterceptor, WebRequestHandlerInterceptorAdapter

    public interface HandlerInterceptor

Workflow interface that allows for customized handler execution chains. Applications can register any number of existing or custom interceptors for certain groups of handlers, to add common pre-processing behavior without needing to modify each handler implementation.

A `HandlerInterceptor` gets called before the appropriate `HandlerAdapter` triggers the execution of the handler itself. This mechanism can be used for a large field of preprocessing aspects, e.g. for authorization checks, or common handler behavior like locale or theme changes. Its main purpose is to permit the factoring out of otherwise repetitive handler code.

Typically an interceptor chain is defined per `HandlerMapping` bean, sharing its granularity. To be able to apply a certain interceptor chain to a group of handlers, one needs to map the desired handlers via one `HandlerMapping` bean. The interceptors themselves are defined as beans in the application context, referenced by the mapping bean definition via its `"interceptors"` property (in XML: a <list> of <ref> elements).

A `HandlerInterceptor` is basically similar to a Servlet `Filter`, but in contrast to the latter it allows custom pre-processing with the option to prohibit the execution of the handler itself, and custom post-processing. `Filters` are more powerful; for example they allow for exchanging the request and response objects that are handed down the chain. Note that a filter gets configured in `web.xml`, a `HandlerInterceptor` in the application context.

As a basic guideline, fine-grained handler-related pre-processing tasks are candidates for `HandlerInterceptor` implementations, especially factored-out common handler code and authorization checks. On the other hand, a `Filter` is well-suited for request content and view content handling, like multipart forms and GZIP compression. This typically shows when one needs to map the filter to certain content types (e.g. images), or to all requests.

Be aware that filters cannot be applied to portlet requests (they only operate on servlet requests), so for portlet requests interceptors are essential.

If we assume a "sunny day" request cycle (i.e. a request where nothing goes wrong and all is well), the workflow of a `HandlerInterceptor` will be as follows:

Action Request:

1. `DispatcherPortlet` maps the action request to a particular handler and assembles a handler execution chain consisting of the handler that is to be invoked and all of the `HandlerInterceptor` instances that apply to the request.
2. `preHandleAction(..)` is called; if the invocation of this method returns `true` then this workflow continues
3. The target handler handles the action request (via `HandlerAdapter.handleAction(..)`)
4. `afterActionCompletion(..)` is called

Render Request:

1. `DispatcherPortlet` maps the render request to a particular handler and assembles a handler execution chain consisting of the handler that is to be invoked and all of the `HandlerInterceptor` instances that apply to the request.
2. `preHandleRender(..)` is called; if the invocation of this method returns `true` then this workflow continues
3. The target handler handles the render request (via `HandlerAdapter.handleRender(..)`)
4. `postHandleRender(..)` is called
5. If the `HandlerAdapter` returned a `ModelAndView`, then `DispatcherPortlet` renders the view accordingly
6. `afterRenderCompletion(..)` is called

Since:
  2.0
Author:
  Juergen Hoeller, John A. Lewis
See Also:
  `HandlerExecutionChain.getInterceptors()`, `HandlerMapping`, `AbstractHandlerMapping.setInterceptors(java.lang.Object[])`, `HandlerExecutionChain`

Method Summary
`void` `afterActionCompletion(javax.portlet.ActionRequest request, javax.portlet.ActionResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex)` Callback after completion of request processing in the action phase, that is, after rendering the view.
`void` `afterRenderCompletion(javax.portlet.RenderRequest request, javax.portlet.RenderResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex)` Callback after completion of request processing, that is, after rendering the view.
`void` `postHandleRender(javax.portlet.RenderRequest request, javax.portlet.RenderResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView)` Intercept the execution of a handler in the render phase.
`boolean` `preHandleAction(javax.portlet.ActionRequest request, javax.portlet.ActionResponse response, Object handler)` Intercept the execution of a handler in the action phase.
`boolean` `preHandleRender(javax.portlet.RenderRequest request, javax.portlet.RenderResponse response, Object handler)` Intercept the execution of a handler in the render phase.

Method Detail

### preHandleAction

    boolean preHandleAction(javax.portlet.ActionRequest request,
                            javax.portlet.ActionResponse response,
                            Object handler)
                            throws Exception

  Intercept the execution of a handler in the action phase.

  Called after a HandlerMapping determines an appropriate handler object to handle an `ActionRequest`, but before said HandlerAdapter actually invokes the handler.

  `DispatcherPortlet` processes a handler in an execution chain, consisting of any number of interceptors, with the handler itself at the end. With this method, each interceptor can decide to abort the execution chain, typically throwing an exception or writing a custom response.

  Parameters:
    `request` - current portlet action request
    `response` - current portlet action response
    `handler` - chosen handler to execute, for type and/or instance evaluation
  Returns:
    `true` if the execution chain should proceed with the next interceptor or the handler itself. Else, `DispatcherPortlet` assumes that this interceptor has already dealt with the response itself
  Throws:
    `Exception` - in case of errors

### afterActionCompletion

    void afterActionCompletion(javax.portlet.ActionRequest request,
                               javax.portlet.ActionResponse response,
                               Object handler,
                               Exception ex)
                               throws Exception

  Callback after completion of request processing in the action phase, that is, after rendering the view. Will be called on any outcome of handler execution, thus allowing for proper resource cleanup.

  Note: Will only be called if this interceptor's `preHandleAction(javax.portlet.ActionRequest, javax.portlet.ActionResponse, Object)` method has successfully completed and returned `true`!

  Parameters:
    `request` - current portlet action request
    `response` - current portlet action response
    `handler` - chosen handler to execute, for type and/or instance examination
    `ex` - exception thrown on handler execution, if any (only included as additional context information for the case where a handler threw an exception; request execution may have failed even when this argument is `null`)
  Throws:
    `Exception` - in case of errors

### preHandleRender

    boolean preHandleRender(javax.portlet.RenderRequest request,
                            javax.portlet.RenderResponse response,
                            Object handler)
                            throws Exception

  Intercept the execution of a handler in the render phase.

  Called after a HandlerMapping determines an appropriate handler object to handle a `RenderRequest`, but before said HandlerAdapter actually invokes the handler.

  `DispatcherPortlet` processes a handler in an execution chain, consisting of any number of interceptors, with the handler itself at the end. With this method, each interceptor can decide to abort the execution chain, typically throwing an exception or writing a custom response.

  Parameters:
    `request` - current portlet render request
    `response` - current portlet render response
    `handler` - chosen handler to execute, for type and/or instance evaluation
  Returns:
    `true` if the execution chain should proceed with the next interceptor or the handler itself. Else, `DispatcherPortlet` assumes that this interceptor has already dealt with the response itself
  Throws:
    `Exception` - in case of errors

### postHandleRender

    void postHandleRender(javax.portlet.RenderRequest request,
                          javax.portlet.RenderResponse response,
                          Object handler,
                          ModelAndView modelAndView)
                          throws Exception

  Intercept the execution of a handler in the render phase.

  Called after a `HandlerAdapter` actually invoked the handler, but before the `DispatcherPortlet` renders the view. Can thus expose additional model objects to the view via the given `ModelAndView`.

  `DispatcherPortlet` processes a handler in an execution chain, consisting of any number of interceptors, with the handler itself at the end. With this method, each interceptor can post-process an execution, getting applied in inverse order of the execution chain.

  Parameters:
    `request` - current portlet render request
    `response` - current portlet render response
    `handler` - chosen handler to execute, for type and/or instance examination
    `modelAndView` - the `ModelAndView` that the handler returned (can also be `null`)
  Throws:
    `Exception` - in case of errors

### afterRenderCompletion

    void afterRenderCompletion(javax.portlet.RenderRequest request,
                               javax.portlet.RenderResponse response,
                               Object handler,
                               Exception ex)
                               throws Exception

  Callback after completion of request processing, that is, after rendering the view. Will be called on any outcome of handler execution, thus allowing for proper resource cleanup.

  Note: Will only be called if this interceptor's `preHandleRender(javax.portlet.RenderRequest, javax.portlet.RenderResponse, Object)` method has successfully completed and returned `true`!

  Parameters:
    `request` - current portlet render request
    `response` - current portlet render response
    `handler` - chosen handler to execute, for type and/or instance examination
    `ex` - exception thrown on handler execution, if any
  Throws:
    `Exception` - in case of errors

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