
rr Module

Jan Janak

   FhG FOKUS

Bogdan-Andrei Iancu

   voice-system.ro

Edited by

Jan Janak

Bogdan-Andrei Iancu

   Copyright © 2003 FhG FOKUS

   Copyright © 2005 voice-system.ro
     _________________________________________________________

   Table of Contents
   1. User's Guide

        1.1. Overview
        1.2. Dialog support
        1.3. Dependencies

              1.3.1. OpenSER Modules
              1.3.2. External Libraries or Applications

        1.4. Exported Parameters

              1.4.1. enable_full_lr (integer)
              1.4.2. append_fromtag (integer)
              1.4.3. enable_double_rr (integer)
              1.4.4. add_username (integer)

        1.5. Exported Functions

              1.5.1. loose_route()
              1.5.2. record_route() and record_route(string)
              1.5.3. record_route_preset(string)
              1.5.4. add_rr_param(param)
              1.5.5. check_route_param(re)
              1.5.6. is_direction(dir)

   2. Developer's Guide

        2.1. Available Functions

              2.1.1. add_rr_param( msg, param)
              2.1.2. check_route_param( msg, re)
              2.1.3. is_direction( msg, dir)
              2.1.4. get_route_param( msg, name, val)
              2.1.5. register_rrcb( callback, param)
              2.1.6. Examples

   3. Frequently Asked Questions

   List of Examples
   1-1. Dialog support in RR module
   1-2. Set enable_full_lr parameter
   1-3. Set append_fromtag parameter
   1-4. Set enable_double_rr parameter
   1-5. Set add_username parameter
   1-6. loose_route usage
   1-7. record_route usage
   1-8. record_route_preset usage
   1-9. add_rr_param usage
   1-10. check_route_param usage
   1-11. check_route_param usage
   2-1. Loading RR module's API from another module
     _________________________________________________________

Chapter 1. User's Guide

1.1. Overview

   The module contains record routing logic
     _________________________________________________________

1.2. Dialog support

   OpenSER is basically only a transaction statefull proxy,
   without any dialog support build in. There are many
   features/services which actually requires a dialog awareness,
   like storing the information in the dialog creation stage,
   information which will be used during the whole dialog
   existence.

   The most urging example is NAT traversal, in dealing with the
   within the dialog INVITEs (re-INVITEs). When processing the
   initial INVITE, the proxy detects if the caller or callee is
   behind some NAT and fixes the signalling and media parts -
   since not all the detection mechanism are available for within
   the dialog requests (like usrloc), to be able to fix
   correspondingly the sequential requests, the proxy must
   remember that the original request was NAT processed. There
   are many other cases where dialog awareness fixes or helps.

   The solution is to store additional dialog-related information
   in the routing set (Record-Route/Route headers), headers which
   show up in all sequential requests. So any information added
   to the Record-Route header will be found (with no direction
   dependencies) in Route header (corresponding to the proxy
   address).

   As storage container, the parameters of the Record-Route /
   Route header will be used - Record-Route parameters mirroring
   are reinforced by RFC 3261 (see 12.1.1 UAS behavior).

   For this purpose, the modules offers the following functions:

     * add_rr_param() - see Section 1.5.4
     * check_route_param() - see Section 1.5.5

   Example 1-1. Dialog support in RR module

UAC                       OpenSER PROXY                          UAS

---- INVITE ------>       record_route()          ----- INVITE ---->
                     add_rr_param(";foo=true")

--- reINVITE ----->        loose_route()          ---- reINVITE --->
                    check_route_param(";foo=true")

<-- reINVITE ------        loose_route()          <--- reINVITE ----
                    check_route_param(";foo=true")

<------ BYE -------        loose_route()          <----- BYE -------
                    check_route_param(";foo=true")

     _________________________________________________________

1.3. Dependencies

1.3.1. OpenSER Modules

   The following modules must be loaded before this module:

     * No dependencies on other OpenSER modules.
     _________________________________________________________

1.3.2. External Libraries or Applications

   The following libraries or applications must be installed
   before running OpenSER with this module loaded:

     * None.
     _________________________________________________________

1.4. Exported Parameters

1.4.1. enable_full_lr (integer)

   If set to 1 then ";lr=on" instead of just ";lr" will be used.
   This is to overcome problems with broken UAs which strip ";lr"
   parameter when generating Route header fields from
   Record-Route (";lr=on" seems to help).

   Default value is 0 (no). 

   Example 1-2. Set enable_full_lr parameter
...
modparam("rr", "enable_full_lr", 1)
...
     _________________________________________________________

1.4.2. append_fromtag (integer)

   If turned on, request's from-tag is appended to record-route;
   that's useful for understanding whether subsequent requests
   (such as BYE) come from caller (route's from-tag==BYE's
   from-tag) or callee (route's from-tag==BYE's to-tag)

   Default value is 1 (yes). 

   Example 1-3. Set append_fromtag parameter
...
modparam("rr", "append_fromtag", 0)
...
     _________________________________________________________

1.4.3. enable_double_rr (integer)

   There are some situations when the server needs to insert two
   Record-Route header fields instead of one. For example when
   using two disconnected networks or doing cross-protocol
   forwarding from UDP->TCP. This parameter enables inserting of
   2 Record-Routes. The server will later remove both of them.

   Default value is 1 (yes). 

   Example 1-4. Set enable_double_rr parameter
...
modparam("rr", "enable_double_rr", 0)
...
     _________________________________________________________

1.4.4. add_username (integer)

   If set to a non 0 value (which means yes), the username part
   will be also added in the Record-Route URI.

   Default value is 0 (no). 

   Example 1-5. Set add_username parameter
...
modparam("rr", "add_username", 1)
...
     _________________________________________________________

1.5. Exported Functions

1.5.1. loose_route()

   The function performs routing of SIP requests which contain a
   route set. The name is a little bit confusing, as this
   function also routes requests which are in the "strict router"
   format.

   This function is usually used to route in-dialog requests
   (like ACK, BYE, reINVITE). Nevertheless also out-of-dialog
   requests can have a "pre-loaded route set" and my be routed
   with loose_route. It also takes care of translating between
   strict-routers and loose-router.

   The loose_route function analyzes the Route: headers in the
   requests. If there is no Route: header, the function returns
   FALSE and routing should be done with normal lookup functions.
   If a Route: header is found, the function returns 1 and
   behaves as described in section 16.12 of RFC 3261. There is
   only one exception: If the request is out-of-dialog (no
   to-tag) and there is only one Route: header indicating the
   local proxy, then the Route: header is removed and the
   function returns FALSE.

   Make sure your loose_routing function can't be used by
   attackers to bypass proxy authorization.

   The loose_routing topic is very complex. See the RFC3261 for
   more details (grep for "route set" is a good starting point in
   this comprehensive RFC).

   This function can be used from REQUEST_ROUTE.

   Example 1-6. loose_route usage
...
loose_route();
...
     _________________________________________________________

1.5.2. record_route() and record_route(string)

   The function adds a new Record-Route header field. The header
   field will be inserted in the message before any other
   Record-Route header fields.

   If any string is passed as parameter, it will be appended as
   URI parameter to the Record-Route header. The string must
   follow the ";name=value" scheme and it may contain
   pseudo-variables.

   This function can be used from REQUEST_ROUTE, BRANCH_ROUTE and
   FAILURE_ROUTE.

   Example 1-7. record_route usage
...
record_route();
...
     _________________________________________________________

1.5.3. record_route_preset(string)

   This function will put the string into Record-Route, don't use
   unless you know what you are doing.

   Meaning of the parameters is as follows:

     * string - String to be inserted into the header field; it
       may contain pseudo-variables.

   This function can be used from REQUEST_ROUTE, BRANCH_ROUTE and
   FAILURE_ROUTE.

   Example 1-8. record_route_preset usage
...
record_route_preset("1.2.3.4:5090");
...
     _________________________________________________________

1.5.4. add_rr_param(param)

   Adds a parameter to the Record-Route URI (param must be in
   ";name=value" format. The function may be called also before
   or after the record_route() call (see Section 1.5.2).

   Meaning of the parameters is as follows:

     * param - String containing the URI parameter to be added.
       It must follow the ";name=value" scheme; it may contain
       pseudo-variables.

   This function can be used from REQUEST_ROUTE, BRANCH_ROUTE and
   FAILURE_ROUTE.

   Example 1-9. add_rr_param usage
...
add_rr_param(";nat=yes");
...
     _________________________________________________________

1.5.5. check_route_param(re)

   The function checks if the URI parameters of the local Route
   header (corresponding to the local server) matches the given
   regular expression. It must be call after loose_route() (see
   Section 1.5.1).

   Meaning of the parameters is as follows:

     * re - regular expression to check against the Route URI
       parameters.

   This function can be used from REQUEST_ROUTE.

   Example 1-10. check_route_param usage
...
if (check_route_param("nat=yes")) {
    setflag(6);
}
...
     _________________________________________________________

1.5.6. is_direction(dir)

   The function checks the flow direction of the request. As for
   checking it's used the "ftag" Route header parameter, the
   append_fromtag (see Section 1.4.2 module parameter must be
   enables. Also this must be call only after loose_route() (see
   Section 1.5.1).

   The function returns true if the "dir" is the same with the
   request's flow direction.

   The "downstream" (UAC to UAS) direction is relative to the
   initial request that created the dialog.

   Meaning of the parameters is as follows:

     * dir - string containing the direction to be checked. It
       may be "upstream" (from UAS to UAC) or "downstream" (UAC
       to UAS).

   This function can be used from REQUEST_ROUTE.

   Example 1-11. check_route_param usage
...
if (is_direction("upstream")) {
    xdbg("upstream request ($rm)\n");
}
...
     _________________________________________________________

Chapter 2. Developer's Guide

   The RR module provides an internal API to be used by other
   OpenSER modules. The API offers support for SIP dialog based
   functionalities - for more about the dialog support offered by
   RR module, see Section 1.2.

   For internal(non-script) usage, the RR module offers to other
   module the possibility to register callback functions to be
   executed each time a local Route header is processed. The
   callback function will receive as parameter the register
   parameter and the Route header parameter string.
     _________________________________________________________

2.1. Available Functions

2.1.1. add_rr_param( msg, param)

   Adds a parameter to the requests's Record-Route URI (param
   must be in ";name=value" format).

   The function returns 0 on success. Otherwise, -1 is returned.

   Meaning of the parameters is as follows:

     * struct sip_msg* msg - request that will has the parameter
       "param" added to its Record-Route header.
     * str* param - parameter to be added to the Record-Route
       header - it must be in ";name=value" format.
     _________________________________________________________

2.1.2. check_route_param( msg, re)

   The function checks for the request "msg" if the URI
   parameters of the local Route header (corresponding to the
   local server) matches the given regular expression "re". It
   must be call after the loose_route was done.

   The function returns 0 on success. Otherwise, -1 is returned.

   Meaning of the parameters is as follows:

     * struct sip_msg* msg - request that will has the Route
       header parameters checked.
     * regex_t* param - compiled regular expression to be checked
       against the Route header parameters.
     _________________________________________________________

2.1.3. is_direction( msg, dir)

   The function checks the flow direction of the request "msg".
   As for checking it's used the "ftag" Route header parameter,
   the append_fromtag (see Section 1.4.2 module parameter must be
   enables. Also this must be call only after the loose_route is
   done.

   The function returns 0 if the "dir" is the same with the
   request's flow direction. Otherwise, -1 is returned.

   Meaning of the parameters is as follows:

     * struct sip_msg* msg - request that will have the direction
       checked.
     * int dir - direction to be checked against. It may be
       "RR_FLOW_UPSTREAM" or "RR_FLOW_DOWNSTREAM".
     _________________________________________________________

2.1.4. get_route_param( msg, name, val)

   The function search in to the "msg"'s Route header parameters
   the parameter called "name" and returns its value into "val".
   It must be call only after the loose_route is done.

   The function returns 0 if parameter was found (even if it has
   no value). Otherwise, -1 is returned.

   Meaning of the parameters is as follows:

     * struct sip_msg* msg - request that will have the Route
       header parameter searched.
     * str *name - contains the Route header parameter to be
       serached.
     * str *val - returns the value of the searched Route header
       parameter if found. It might be empty string if the
       parameter had no value.
     _________________________________________________________

2.1.5. register_rrcb( callback, param)

   The function register a new callback (along with its
   parameter). The callback will be called when a loose route
   will be performed for the local address.

   The function returns 0 on success. Otherwise, -1 is returned.

   Meaning of the parameters is as follows:

     * rr_cb_t callback - callback function to be registered.
     * void *param - parameter to be passed to the callback
       function.
     _________________________________________________________

2.1.6. Examples

   Example 2-1. Loading RR module's API from another module
...
#include "../rr/api.h"
...
struct rr_binds my_rrb;
...
...
/* load the RR API */
if (load_rr_api( & my_rrb )!=0) {
    LOG(L_ERR, "ERROR: can't load RR API\n");
    goto error;
}
...
...
/* register a RR callback */
if (my_rrb.register_rrcb(my_callback,0))!=0) {
    LOG(L_ERR, "ERROR: can't register RR callback\n");
    goto error;
}
...
     _________________________________________________________

Chapter 3. Frequently Asked Questions

   3.1. Where can I find more about OpenSER?
   3.2. Where can I post a question about this module?
   3.3. How can I report a bug?

   3.1. Where can I find more about OpenSER?

   Take a look at http://openser.org/.

   3.2. Where can I post a question about this module?

   First at all check if your question was already answered on
   one of our mailing lists:

     * User Mailing List -
       http://openser.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/users
     * Developer Mailing List -
       http://openser.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/devel

   E-mails regarding any stable OpenSER release should be sent to
   <users@openser.org> and e-mails regarding development versions
   should be sent to <devel@openser.org>.

   If you want to keep the mail private, send it to
   <team@openser.org>.

   3.3. How can I report a bug?

   Please follow the guidelines provided at:
   http://sourceforge.net/tracker/?group_id=139143.
