
usrloc Module

Jan Janak

   FhG FOKUS

Edited by

Jan Janak

Bogdan-Andrei Iancu

   Copyright © 2003 FhG FOKUS

   Copyright © 2005 voice-system.ro
     _________________________________________________________

   Table of Contents
   1. User's Guide

        1.1. Overview

              1.1.1. Contact matching

        1.2. Dependencies

              1.2.1. OpenSER Modules
              1.2.2. External Libraries or Applications

        1.3. Exported Parameters

              1.3.1. nat_bflag (integer)
              1.3.2. user_column (string)
              1.3.3. domain_column (string)
              1.3.4. contact_column (string)
              1.3.5. expires_column (string)
              1.3.6. q_column (string)
              1.3.7. callid_column (string)
              1.3.8. cseq_column (string)
              1.3.9. methods_column (string)
              1.3.10. flags_column (string)
              1.3.11. cflags_column (string)
              1.3.12. user_agent_column (string)
              1.3.13. received_column (string)
              1.3.14. socket_column (string)
              1.3.15. path_column (string)
              1.3.16. use_domain (integer)
              1.3.17. desc_time_order (integer)
              1.3.18. timer_interval (integer)
              1.3.19. db_url (string)
              1.3.20. db_mode (integer)
              1.3.21. matching_mode (integer)
              1.3.22. cseq_delay (integer)
              1.3.23. fetch_rows (integer)
              1.3.24. hash_size (integer)

        1.4. Exported Functions
        1.5. Exported MI Functions

              1.5.1. ul_rm
              1.5.2. ul_rm_contact
              1.5.3. ul_dump
              1.5.4. ul_flush
              1.5.5. ul_add
              1.5.6. ul_show_contact

        1.6. Exported statistics

              1.6.1. users
              1.6.2. contacts
              1.6.3. expires
              1.6.4. registered_users

   2. Developer's Guide

        2.1. Available Functions

              2.1.1. ul_register_domain(name)
              2.1.2. ul_insert_urecord(domain, aor, rec)
              2.1.3. ul_delete_urecord(domain, aor)
              2.1.4. ul_get_urecord(domain, aor)
              2.1.5. ul_lock_udomain(domain)
              2.1.6. ul_unlock_udomain(domain)
              2.1.7. ul_release_urecord(record)
              2.1.8. ul_insert_ucontact(record, contact, expires,
                      q, callid, cseq, flags, cont, ua, sock)

              2.1.9. ul_delete_ucontact (record, contact)
              2.1.10. ul_get_ucontact(record, contact)
              2.1.11. ul_get_all_ucontacts (buf, len, flags)
              2.1.12. ul_update_ucontact(contact, expires, q,
                      callid, cseq, set, res, ua, sock)

              2.1.13. ul_bind_ursloc( api ) 
              2.1.14. ul_register_ulcb(type ,callback, param) 
              2.1.15. ul_get_num_users() 
              2.1.16. ul_register_watcher() 
              2.1.17. ul_unregister_watcher() 

   3. Frequently Asked Questions

   List of Examples
   1-1. Set nat_bflag parameter
   1-2. Set user_column parameter
   1-3. Set user_column parameter
   1-4. Set contact_column parameter
   1-5. Set expires_column parameter
   1-6. Set q_column parameter
   1-7. Set callid_column parameter
   1-8. Set cseq_column parameter
   1-9. Set methods_column parameter
   1-10. Set flags_column parameter
   1-11. Set cflags_column parameter
   1-12. Set user_agent_column parameter
   1-13. Set received_column parameter
   1-14. Set socket_column parameter
   1-15. Set path_column parameter
   1-16. Set use_domain parameter
   1-17. Set desc_time_order parameter
   1-18. Set timer_interval parameter
   1-19. Set db_url parameter
   1-20. Set db_mode parameter
   1-21. Set matching_mode parameter
   1-22. Set cseq_delay parameter
   1-23. Set fetch_rows parameter
   1-24. Set hash_size parameter
     _________________________________________________________

Chapter 1. User's Guide

1.1. Overview

   User location module. The module keeps a user location table
   and provides access to the table to other modules. The module
   exports no functions that could be used directly from scripts.
     _________________________________________________________

1.1.1. Contact matching

   How the contacts are matched (dor same AOR - Address of
   Record) is an important aspect of the usrloc modules,
   especialy in the context of NAT traversal - this raise mre
   problems since contacts from different phones of same users
   may overlap (if behind NATs with same configuration) or the
   re-register contact of same phone may be seen as a new one
   (due different binding via NAT).

   The SIP RFC 3261 publishes a matching algorithm based only on
   the contact string with callid and cseq number extra checking
   (if callid is the same, it must have a higher cseq number,
   otherwise invalid). But as argumented above, this is not
   enough in NAT traversal context, so the OpenSER implementation
   of contact machting offers more algorithms:

     * contact based only - it strict RFC 3261 compiancy - the
       contact is matched as string and extra checked via callid
       and cseg (if callid is the same, it must have a higher
       cseq number, otherwise invalid).
     * contact nad callid based - it an extension of the first
       case - the contact and callid must matched as string; the
       cseg must be higher than the previous one - so be careful
       how you deal with REGISTER retransmissions in this case.

   How to control/select the contact maching algorithm, please
   see the module parameter matching_mode at Section 1.3.21.
     _________________________________________________________

1.2. Dependencies

1.2.1. OpenSER Modules

   The following modules must be loaded before this module:

     * Optionally a database module.
     _________________________________________________________

1.2.2. External Libraries or Applications

   The following libraries or applications must be installed
   before running OpenSER with this module loaded:

     * None.
     _________________________________________________________

1.3. Exported Parameters

1.3.1. nat_bflag (integer)

   The index of the branch flag to be used as NAT marker (if the
   contact is or not natted). This is a branch flag and it will
   be imported and used by all other modules depending of usrloc
   module.

   Default value is "not set". 

   Example 1-1. Set nat_bflag parameter
...
modparam("usrloc", "nat_bflag", 3)
...
     _________________________________________________________

1.3.2. user_column (string)

   Name of column containing usernames.

   Default value is "username". 

   Example 1-2. Set user_column parameter
...
modparam("usrloc", "user_column", "username")
...
     _________________________________________________________

1.3.3. domain_column (string)

   Name of column containing domains.

   Default value is "domain". 

   Example 1-3. Set user_column parameter
...
modparam("usrloc", "domain_column", "domain")
...
     _________________________________________________________

1.3.4. contact_column (string)

   Name of column containing contacts.

   Default value is "contact". 

   Example 1-4. Set contact_column parameter
...
modparam("usrloc", "contact_column", "contact")
...
     _________________________________________________________

1.3.5. expires_column (string)

   Name of column containing expires value.

   Default value is "expires". 

   Example 1-5. Set expires_column parameter
...
modparam("usrloc", "expires_column", "expires")
...
     _________________________________________________________

1.3.6. q_column (string)

   Name of column containing q values.

   Default value is "q". 

   Example 1-6. Set q_column parameter
...
modparam("usrloc", "q_column", "q")
...
     _________________________________________________________

1.3.7. callid_column (string)

   Name of column containing callid values.

   Default value is "callid". 

   Example 1-7. Set callid_column parameter
...
modparam("usrloc", "callid_column", "callid")
...
     _________________________________________________________

1.3.8. cseq_column (string)

   Name of column containing cseq numbers.

   Default value is "cseq". 

   Example 1-8. Set cseq_column parameter
...
modparam("usrloc", "cseq_column", "cseq")
...
     _________________________________________________________

1.3.9. methods_column (string)

   Name of column containing supported methods.

   Default value is "methods". 

   Example 1-9. Set methods_column parameter
...
modparam("usrloc", "methods_column", "methods")
...
     _________________________________________________________

1.3.10. flags_column (string)

   Name of column to save the internal flags of the record.

   Default value is "flags". 

   Example 1-10. Set flags_column parameter
...
modparam("usrloc", "flags_column", "flags")
...
     _________________________________________________________

1.3.11. cflags_column (string)

   Name of column to save the branch/contact flags of the record.

   Default value is "cflags". 

   Example 1-11. Set cflags_column parameter
...
modparam("usrloc", "cflags_column", "cflags")
...
     _________________________________________________________

1.3.12. user_agent_column (string)

   Name of column containing user-agent values.

   Default value is "user_agent". 

   Example 1-12. Set user_agent_column parameter
...
modparam("usrloc", "user_agent_column", "user_agent")
...
     _________________________________________________________

1.3.13. received_column (string)

   Name of column containing the source IP, port, and protocol
   from the REGISTER message.

   Default value is "received". 

   Example 1-13. Set received_column parameter
...
modparam("usrloc", "received_column", "received")
...
     _________________________________________________________

1.3.14. socket_column (string)

   Name of column containing the received socket information
   (IP:port) for the REGISTER message.

   Default value is "socket". 

   Example 1-14. Set socket_column parameter
...
modparam("usrloc", "socket_column", "socket")
...
     _________________________________________________________

1.3.15. path_column (string)

   Name of column containing the Path header.

   Default value is "path". 

   Example 1-15. Set path_column parameter
...
modparam("usrloc", "path_column", "path")
...
     _________________________________________________________

1.3.16. use_domain (integer)

   If the domain part of the user should be also saved and used
   for identifing the user (along with the username part). Useful
   in multi domain scenarios. Non 0 value means true.

   Default value is "0 (false)". 

   Example 1-16. Set use_domain parameter
...
modparam("usrloc", "use_domain", 1)
...
     _________________________________________________________

1.3.17. desc_time_order (integer)

   If the user's contacts should be kept timestamp ordered;
   otherwise the contact will be ordered based on q value. Non 0
   value means true.

   Default value is "0 (false)". 

   Example 1-17. Set desc_time_order parameter
...
modparam("usrloc", "desc_time_order", 1)
...
     _________________________________________________________

1.3.18. timer_interval (integer)

   Number of seconds between two timer runs. The module uses
   timer to delete expired contacts, synchronize with database
   and other tasks, that need to be run periodically.

   Default value is 60. 

   Example 1-18. Set timer_interval parameter
...
modparam("usrloc", "timer_interval", 120)
...
     _________________________________________________________

1.3.19. db_url (string)

   URL of the database that should be used.

   Default value is
   "mysql://openser:openserrw@localhost/openser". 

   Example 1-19. Set db_url parameter
...
modparam("usrloc", "db_url", "mysql://username:password@localhost/opens
er")
...
     _________________________________________________________

1.3.20. db_mode (integer)

   The usrloc module can utilize database for persistent contact
   storage. If you use database, your contacts will survive
   machine restarts or SW crashes. The disadvantage is that
   accessing database can be very time consuming. Therefore,
   usrloc module implements four database accessing modes:

     * 0 - This disables database completely. Only memory will be
       used. Contacts will not survive restart. Use this value if
       you need a really fast usrloc and contact persistence is
       not necessary or is provided by other means.
     * 1 - Write-Through scheme. All changes to usrloc are
       immediately reflected in database too. This is very slow,
       but very reliable. Use this scheme if speed is not your
       priority but need to make sure that no registered contacts
       will be lost during crash or reboot.
     * 2 - Write-Back scheme. This is a combination of previous
       two schemes. All changes are made to memory and database
       synchronization is done in the timer. The timer deletes
       all expired contacts and flushes all modified or new
       contacts to database. Use this scheme if you encounter
       high-load peaks and want them to process as fast as
       possible. The mode will not help at all if the load is
       high all the time. Also, latency of this mode is much
       lower than latency of mode 1, but slightly higher than
       latency of mode 0.
     * 3 - DB-Only scheme. No memory cache is kept, all
       operations being directly performed with the database. The
       timer deletes all expired contacts from database - cleans
       after clients that didn't un-register or re-register. The
       mode is useful if you configure more servers sharing the
       same DB without any replication at SIP level. The mode may
       be slower due the high number of DB operation. For example
       NAT pinging is a killer since during each ping cycle all
       nated contact are loaded from the DB; The lack of memory
       caching also disable the location watcher registration (in
       will not work with PA module) and disable the statistics
       exports.

   Warning

   In case of crash or restart contacts that are in memory only
   and haven't been flushed yet will get lost. If you want
   minimize the risk, use shorter timer interval.

   Default value is 0. 

   Example 1-20. Set db_mode parameter
...
modparam("usrloc", "db_mode", 2)
...
     _________________________________________________________

1.3.21. matching_mode (integer)

   What contact matching algorithm to be used. Refer to section
   Section 1.1.1 for the description of the algorithms.

   The parameter may take the following values:

     * 0 - CONTACT ONLY based matching algorithm.
     * 1 - CONTACT and CALLID based matching algorithm.

   Default value is 0 (CONTACT_ONLY). 

   Example 1-21. Set matching_mode parameter
...
modparam("usrloc", "matching_mode", 1)
...
     _________________________________________________________

1.3.22. cseq_delay (integer)

   Delay (in seconds) for accepting as retransmissions register
   requests with same Call-ID and Cseq. The delay is calculated
   starting from the receiving time of the first register with
   that Call-ID and Cseq.

   Retransmissions within this delay interval will be accepted
   and replied as the original request, but no update will be
   done in location. If the delay is exceeded, error is reported.

   A value of 0 disable the retransmission detection.

   Default value is "20 seconds". 

   Example 1-22. Set cseq_delay parameter
...
modparam("usrloc", "cseq_delay", 5)
...
     _________________________________________________________

1.3.23. fetch_rows (integer)

   The number of the rows to be fetched at once from database
   when loading the location records. This value can be used to
   tune the load time at startup. For 1MB of private memory
   (default) it should be below 4000. The database driver must
   support fetch_result() capability.

   Default value is "2000". 

   Example 1-23. Set fetch_rows parameter
...
modparam("usrloc", "fetch_rows", 3000)
...
     _________________________________________________________

1.3.24. hash_size (integer)

   The number of entries of the hash table used by usrloc to
   store the location records is 2^hash_size. For hash_size=4,
   the number of entries of the hash table is 16.

   Default value is "9". 

   Example 1-24. Set hash_size parameter
...
modparam("usrloc", "hash_size", 10)
...
     _________________________________________________________

1.4. Exported Functions

   There are no exported functions that could be used in scripts.
     _________________________________________________________

1.5. Exported MI Functions

1.5.1. ul_rm

   Deletes an entire AOR record (including its contacts).

   Parameters:

     * table name - table where the AOR is removed from (Ex:
       location).
     * AOR - user AOR in username[@domain] format (domain must be
       supplied only if use_domain option is on).
     _________________________________________________________

1.5.2. ul_rm_contact

   Deletes a contact from an AOR record.

   Parameters:

     * table name - table where the AOR is removed from (Ex:
       location).
     * AOR - user AOR in username[@domain] format (domain must be
       supplied only if use_domain option is on).
     * contact - exact contact to be removed
     _________________________________________________________

1.5.3. ul_dump

   Dumps the entire content of the USRLOC in memory cache

   Parameters:

     * brief - (optional, may not be present); if equals to
       string "brief", a brief dump will be done (only AOR and
       contacts, with no other details)
     _________________________________________________________

1.5.4. ul_flush

   Triggers the flush of USRLOC memory cache into DB.
     _________________________________________________________

1.5.5. ul_add

   Adds a new contact for an user AOR.

   Parameters:

     * table name - table where the contact will be added (Ex:
       location).
     * AOR - user AOR in username[@domain] format (domain must be
       supplied only if use_domain option is on).
     * contact - contact string to be added
     * expires - expires value of the contact
     * Q - Q value of the contact
     * unused - unused attribute (kept for backword
       compatibility)
     * flags - internal USRLOC flags of the contact
     * cflags - per branch flags of the contact
     * methods - mask with supported requests of the contact
     _________________________________________________________

1.5.6. ul_show_contact

   Dumps the contacts of an user AOR.

   Parameters:

     * table name - table where the AOR resides (Ex: location).
     * AOR - user AOR in username[@domain] format (domain must be
       supplied only if use_domain option is on).
     _________________________________________________________

1.6. Exported statistics

   Exported statistics are listed in the next sections.
     _________________________________________________________

1.6.1. users

   Number of AOR existing in the USRLOC memory cache for that
   domain - can not be resetted; this statistic will be register
   for each used domain (Ex: location).
     _________________________________________________________

1.6.2. contacts

   Number of contacts existing in the USRLOC memory cache for
   that domain - can not be resetted; this statistic will be
   register for each used domain (Ex: location).
     _________________________________________________________

1.6.3. expires

   Total number of expired contacts for that domain - can be
   resetted; this statistic will be register for each used domain
   (Ex: location).
     _________________________________________________________

1.6.4. registered_users

   Total number of AOR existing in the USRLOC memory cache for
   all domains - can not be resetted.
     _________________________________________________________

Chapter 2. Developer's Guide

2.1. Available Functions

2.1.1. ul_register_domain(name)

   The function registers a new domain. Domain is just another
   name for table used in registrar. The function is called from
   fixups in registrar. It gets name of the domain as a parameter
   and returns pointer to a new domain structure. The fixup than
   'fixes' the parameter in registrar so that it will pass the
   pointer instead of the name every time save() or lookup() is
   called. Some usrloc functions get the pointer as parameter
   when called. For more details see implementation of save
   function in registrar.

   Meaning of the parameters is as follows:

     * const char* name - Name of the domain (also called table)
       to be registered.
     _________________________________________________________

2.1.2. ul_insert_urecord(domain, aor, rec)

   The function creates a new record structure and inserts it in
   the specified domain. The record is structure that contains
   all the contacts for belonging to the specified username.

   Meaning of the parameters is as follows:

     * udomain_t* domain - Pointer to domain returned by
       ul_register_udomain.

     * str* aor - Address of Record (aka username) of the new
       record (at this time the record will contain no contacts
       yet).

     * urecord_t** rec - The newly created record structure.
     _________________________________________________________

2.1.3. ul_delete_urecord(domain, aor)

   The function deletes all the contacts bound with the given
   Address Of Record.

   Meaning of the parameters is as follows:

     * udomain_t* domain - Pointer to domain returned by
       ul_register_udomain.

     * str* aor - Address of record (aka username) of the record,
       that should be deleted.
     _________________________________________________________

2.1.4. ul_get_urecord(domain, aor)

   The function returns pointer to record with given Address of
   Record.

   Meaning of the parameters is as follows:

     * udomain_t* domain - Pointer to domain returned by
       ul_register_udomain.

     * str* aor - Address of Record of request record.
     _________________________________________________________

2.1.5. ul_lock_udomain(domain)

   The function lock the specified domain, it means, that no
   other processes will be able to access during the time. This
   prevents race conditions. Scope of the lock is the specified
   domain, that means, that multiple domain can be accessed
   simultaneously, they don't block each other.

   Meaning of the parameters is as follows:

     * udomain_t* domain - Domain to be locked.
     _________________________________________________________

2.1.6. ul_unlock_udomain(domain)

   Unlock the specified domain previously locked by
   ul_lock_udomain.

   Meaning of the parameters is as follows:

     * udomain_t* domain - Domain to be unlocked.
     _________________________________________________________

2.1.7. ul_release_urecord(record)

   Do some sanity checks - if all contacts have been removed,
   delete the entire record structure.

   Meaning of the parameters is as follows:

     * urecord_t* record - Record to be released.
     _________________________________________________________

2.1.8. ul_insert_ucontact(record, contact, expires, q, callid, cseq,
flags, cont, ua, sock)

   The function inserts a new contact in the given record with
   specified parameters.

   Meaning of the parameters is as follows:

     * urecord_t* record - Record in which the contact should be
       inserted.
     * str* contact - Contact URI.
     * time_t expires - Expires of the contact in absolute value.
     * float q - q value of the contact.
     * str* callid - Call-ID of the REGISTER message that
       contained the contact.
     * int cseq - CSeq of the REGISTER message that contained the
       contact.
     * unsigned int flags - Flags to be set.
     * ucontact_t* cont - Pointer to newly created structure.
     * str* ua - User-Agent of the REGISTER message that
       contained the contact.
     * struct socket_info *sock - socket on which the REGISTER
       message was received on.
     _________________________________________________________

2.1.9. ul_delete_ucontact (record, contact)

   The function deletes given contact from record.

   Meaning of the parameters is as follows:

     * urecord_t* record - Record from which the contact should
       be removed.

     * ucontact_t* contact - Contact to be deleted.
     _________________________________________________________

2.1.10. ul_get_ucontact(record, contact)

   The function tries to find contact with given Contact URI and
   returns pointer to structure representing the contact.

   Meaning of the parameters is as follows:

     * urecord_t* record - Record to be searched for the contact.

     * str_t* contact - URI of the request contact.
     _________________________________________________________

2.1.11. ul_get_all_ucontacts (buf, len, flags)

   The function retrieves all contacts of all registered users
   and returns them in the caller-supplied buffer. If the buffer
   is too small, the function returns positive value indicating
   how much additional space would be necessary to accommodate
   all of them. Please note that the positive return value should
   be used only as a "hint", as there is no guarantee that during
   the time between two subsequent calls number of registered
   contacts will remain the same.

   If flag parameter is set to non-zero value then only contacts
   that have the specified flags set will be returned. It is, for
   example, possible to list only contacts that are behind NAT.

   Meaning of the parameters is as follows:

     * void* buf - Buffer for returning contacts.

     * int len - Length of the buffer.

     * unsigned int flags - Flags that must be set.
     _________________________________________________________

2.1.12. ul_update_ucontact(contact, expires, q, callid, cseq, set,
res, ua, sock)

   The function updates contact with new values.

   Meaning of the parameters is as follows:

     * ucontact_t* contact - Contact URI.
     * time_t expires - Expires of the contact in absolute value.
     * float q - q value of the contact.
     * str* callid - Call-ID of the REGISTER message that
       contained the contact.
     * int cseq - CSeq of the REGISTER message that contained the
       contact.
     * unsigned int set - OR value of flags to be set.
     * unsigned int res - OR value of flags to be reset.
     * str* ua - User-Agent of the REGISTER message that
       contained the contact.
     * struct socket_info *sock - socket on which the REGISTER
       message was received on.
     _________________________________________________________

2.1.13. ul_bind_ursloc( api )

   The function imports all functions that are exported by the
   USRLOC module. Overs for other modules which want to user the
   internal USRLOC API an easy way to load and access the
   functions.

   Meaning of the parameters is as follows:

     * usrloc_api_t* api - USRLOC API
     _________________________________________________________

2.1.14. ul_register_ulcb(type ,callback, param)

   The function register with USRLOC a callback function to be
   called when some event occures inside USRLOC.

   Meaning of the parameters is as follows:

     * int types - type of event for which the callback should be
       called (see usrloc/ul_callback.h).
     * ul_cb f - callback function; see usrloc/ul_callback.h for
       prototype.
     * void *param - some parameter to be passed to the callback
       each time when it is called.
     _________________________________________________________

2.1.15. ul_get_num_users()

   The function loops through all domains summing up the number
   of users.
     _________________________________________________________

2.1.16. ul_register_watcher()

   Obsolete function - to be removed in the future.
     _________________________________________________________

2.1.17. ul_unregister_watcher()

   Obsolete function - to be removed in the future.
     _________________________________________________________

Chapter 3. Frequently Asked Questions

   3.1. Where can I find more about OpenSER?
   3.2. Where can I post a question about this module?
   3.3. How can I report a bug?

   3.1. Where can I find more about OpenSER?

   Take a look at http://openser.org/.

   3.2. Where can I post a question about this module?

   First at all check if your question was already answered on
   one of our mailing lists:

     * User Mailing List -
       http://openser.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/users
     * Developer Mailing List -
       http://openser.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/devel

   E-mails regarding any stable OpenSER release should be sent to
   <users@openser.org> and e-mails regarding development versions
   should be sent to <devel@openser.org>.

   If you want to keep the mail private, send it to
   <team@openser.org>.

   3.3. How can I report a bug?

   Please follow the guidelines provided at:
   http://sourceforge.net/tracker/?group_id=139143.
