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# 27. Debugging and Profiling

These libraries help you with Python development: the debugger enables you to step through code, analyze stack frames and set breakpoints etc., and the profilers run code and give you a detailed breakdown of execution times, allowing you to identify bottlenecks in your programs.

- 27.1. `bdb` — Debugger framework
- 27.2. `pdb` — The Python Debugger
- 27.3. Debugger Commands
- 27.4. The Python Profilers
  - 27.4.1. Introduction to the profilers
  - 27.4.2. Instant User’s Manual
  - 27.4.3. What Is Deterministic Profiling?
  - 27.4.4. Reference Manual – `profile` and `cProfile`
    - 27.4.4.1. The `Stats` Class
  - 27.4.5. Limitations
  - 27.4.6. Calibration
  - 27.4.7. Extensions — Deriving Better Profilers
- 27.5. `hotshot` — High performance logging profiler
  - 27.5.1. Profile Objects
  - 27.5.2. Using hotshot data
  - 27.5.3. Example Usage
- 27.6. `timeit` — Measure execution time of small code snippets
  - 27.6.1. Command Line Interface
  - 27.6.2. Examples
- 27.7. `trace` — Trace or track Python statement execution
  - 27.7.1. Command Line Usage
  - 27.7.2. Programming Interface

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