"""CSVParser.py

A parser for CSV files.

"""

# The states of the parser
(StartRecord, StartField, InField, QuoteInField,
InQuotedField, QuoteInQuotedField, EndQuotedField) = range(7)

# State handlers can return Finished to terminate parsing early
Finished = 10


class ParseError(Exception):
    """CSV file parse error."""


class CSVParser(object):
    """Parser for CSV files.

    Parses CSV files including all subtleties such as:
      * commas in fields
      * double quotes in fields
      * embedded newlines in fields
          - Examples of programs that produce such beasts include
            MySQL and Excel

    For a higher-level, friendlier CSV class with many conveniences,
    see DataTable (which uses this class for its parsing).

    Example:
        records = []
        parse = CSVParser().parse
        for line in lines:
            results = parse(line)
            if results is not None:
                records.append(results)

    CREDIT

    The algorithm was taken directly from the open source Python
    C-extension, csv:
        http://www.object-craft.com.au/projects/csv/

    It would be nice to use the csv module when present, since it is
    substantially faster. Before that can be done, it needs to support
    allowComments and stripWhitespace, and pass the TestCSVParser.py
    test suite.

    """

    def __init__(self, allowComments=True, stripWhitespace=True, fieldSep=',',
                    autoReset=True, doubleQuote=True):
        """Create a new CSV parser.

        allowComments: If true (the default), then comment lines using
                       the Python comment marker are allowed.
        stripWhitespace: If true (the default), then left and right whitespace
                         is stripped off from all fields.
        fieldSep: Defines the field separator string (a comma by default).
        autoReset: If true (the default), recover from errors automatically.
        doubleQuote: If true (the default), assume quotes in fields are
                     escaped by appearing doubled.

        """
        # settings
        self._allowComments = allowComments
        self._stripWhitespace = stripWhitespace
        self._doubleQuote = doubleQuote
        self._fieldSep = fieldSep
        self._autoReset = autoReset

        # Other
        self._state = StartRecord
        self._fields = []
        self._hadParseError = False
        self._field = [] # a list of chars for the cur field
        self.addChar = self._field.append

        # The handlers for the various states
        self._handlers = [
            self.startRecord,
            self.startField,
            self.inField,
            self.quoteInField,
            self.inQuotedField,
            self.quoteInQuotedField,
            self.endQuotedField,
        ]


    ## Parse ##

    def parse(self, line):
        """Parse a single line and return a list of string fields.

        Returns None if the CSV record contains embedded newlines and
        the record is not yet complete.

        """
        if self._autoReset and self._hadParseError:
            self.reset()
        handlers = self._handlers

        i = 0
        lineLen = len(line)
        while i < lineLen:
            c = line[i]
            if c == '\r':
                i += 1
                if i == lineLen:
                    break # Mac end of line
                c = line[i]
                if c == '\n':
                    i += 1
                    if i == lineLen:
                        break # Win end of line

                self._hadParseError = True
                raise ParseError('Newline inside string')

            elif c == '\n':
                i += 1
                if i == lineLen:
                    break # unix end of line

                self._hadParseError = True
                raise ParseError('Newline inside string')

            else:
                if handlers[self._state](c) == Finished:
                    break # process a character

            i += 1

        handlers[self._state]('\0') # signal the end of the input

        if self._state == StartRecord:
            fields = self._fields
            self._fields = []
            if self._stripWhitespace:
                fields = [field.strip() for field in fields]
            return fields
        else:
            return None # indicates multi-line record; e.g. not finished


    ## Reset ##

    def reset(self):
        """Reset the parser.

        Resets the parser to a fresh state in order to recover from
        exceptions. But if autoReset is true (the default), this is
        done automatically.

        """
        self._fields = []
        self._state = StartRecord
        self._hadParseError = False


    ## State Handlers ##

    def startRecord(self, c):
        if c != '\0': # not empty line
            if c == '#' and self._allowComments:
                return Finished
            else:
                self._state = StartField
                self.startField(c)

    def startField(self, c):
        if c == '"':
            self._state = InQuotedField # start quoted field
        elif c == self._fieldSep:
            self.saveField() # save empty field
        elif c == ' ' and self._stripWhitespace:
            pass # skip over preceding whitespace
        elif c == '\0':
            self.saveField() # save empty field
            self._state = StartRecord
        else:
            self.addChar(c) # begin new unquoted field
            self._state = InField

    def inField(self, c):
        # in unquoted field
        if c == self._fieldSep:
            self.saveField()
            self._state = StartField
        elif c == '\0':
            self.saveField() # end of line
            self._state = StartRecord
        elif c == '"' and self._doubleQuote:
            self._state = QuoteInField
        else:
            self.addChar(c) # normal character

    def quoteInField(self, c):
        self.addChar('"')
        if c == '"':
            self._state = InField # save "" as "
        elif c == '\0':
            self.saveField() # end of line
            self._state = StartRecord
        elif c == self._fieldSep:
            self.saveField()
            self._state = StartField
        else:
            self.addChar(c) # normal character
            self._state = InField

    def inQuotedField(self, c):
        if c == '"':
            if self._doubleQuote:
                self._state = QuoteInQuotedField
            else:
                self.saveField() # end of field
                self._state = EndQuotedField
        elif c == '\0':
            self.addChar('\n') # end of line
        else:
            self.addChar(c) # normal character

    def quoteInQuotedField(self, c):
        if c == '"':
            self.addChar('"') # save "" as "
            self._state = InQuotedField
        elif c == self._fieldSep:
            self.saveField()
            self._state = StartField
        elif c == ' ' and self._stripWhitespace:
            pass # skip it
        elif c == '\0':
            self.saveField() # end of line
            self._state = StartRecord
        else:
            self._hadParseError = True # illegal
            raise ParseError('%s expected after "' % self._fieldSep)

    def endQuotedField(self, c):
        if c == self._fieldSep: # seen closing " on quoted field
            self._state = StartField # wait for new field
        elif c == '\0':
            self._state = StartRecord # end of line
        else:
            self._hadParseError = True
            raise ParseError('%s expected after "' % self._fieldSep)

    def saveField(self):
        self._fields.append(''.join(self._field))
        self._field = []
        self.addChar = self._field.append


# Call the global function parse() if you like the default settings of the CSVParser
_parser = CSVParser()
parse = _parser.parse
