# 12.2 `email` -- An email and MIME handling package

New in version 2.2.

The `email` package is a library for managing email messages, including MIME and other RFC 2822-based message documents. It subsumes most of the functionality in several older standard modules such as `rfc822`, `mimetools`, `multifile`, and other non-standard packages such as `mimecntl`. It is specifically not designed to do any sending of email messages to SMTP (RFC 2821) servers; that is the function of the `smtplib` module. The `email` package attempts to be as RFC-compliant as possible, supporting in addition to RFC 2822, such MIME-related RFCs as RFC 2045-RFC 2047, and RFC 2231.

The primary distinguishing feature of the `email` package is that it splits the parsing and generating of email messages from the internal object model representation of email. Applications using the `email` package deal primarily with objects; you can add sub-objects to messages, remove sub-objects from messages, completely re-arrange the contents, etc. There is a separate parser and a separate generator which handles the transformation from flat text to the object model, and then back to flat text again. There are also handy subclasses for some common MIME object types, and a few miscellaneous utilities that help with such common tasks as extracting and parsing message field values, creating RFC-compliant dates, etc.

The following sections describe the functionality of the `email` package. The ordering follows a progression that should be common in applications: an email message is read as flat text from a file or other source, the text is parsed to produce the object structure of the email message, this structure is manipulated, and finally rendered back into flat text.

It is perfectly feasible to create the object structure out of whole cloth -- i.e. completely from scratch. From there, a similar progression can be taken as above.

Also included are detailed specifications of all the classes and modules that the `email` package provides, the exception classes you might encounter while using the `email` package, some auxiliary utilities, and a few examples. For users of the older `mimelib` package, or previous versions of the `email` package, a section on differences and porting is provided.

See Also:

Module `smtplib`:
  SMTP protocol client.

Subsections

- 12.2.1 Representing an email message
  - 12.2.1.1 Deprecated methods
- 12.2.2 Parsing email messages
  - 12.2.2.1 Parser class API
  - 12.2.2.2 Additional notes
- 12.2.3 Generating MIME documents
  - 12.2.3.1 Deprecated methods
- 12.2.4 Creating email and MIME objects from scratch
- 12.2.5 Internationalized headers
- 12.2.6 Representing character sets
- 12.2.7 Encoders
- 12.2.8 Exception classes
- 12.2.9 Miscellaneous utilities
- 12.2.10 Iterators
- 12.2.11 Differences from `email` v1 (up to Python 2.2.1)
- 12.2.12 Differences from `mimelib`
- 12.2.13 Examples