##
2.4.4 Integer and long integer literals

Integer and long integer literals are described by the following lexical definitions:

  `longinteger` | ::= | `integer ("l" | "L")`
  `integer` | ::= | `decimalinteger | octinteger | hexinteger`
  `decimalinteger` | ::= | `nonzerodigit digit* | "0"`
  `octinteger` | ::= | `"0" octdigit+`
  `hexinteger` | ::= | `"0" ("x" | "X") hexdigit+`
  `nonzerodigit` | ::= | `"1"..."9"`
  `octdigit` | ::= | `"0"..."7"`
  `hexdigit` | ::= | `digit | "a"..."f" | "A"..."F"`

  Download entire grammar as text.

Although both lower case "`l`" and upper case "`L`" are allowed as suffix for long integers, it is strongly recommended to always use "`L`", since the letter "`l`" looks too much like the digit "`1`".

Plain integer decimal literals that are above the largest representable plain integer (e.g., 2147483647 when using 32-bit arithmetic) are accepted as if they were long integers instead. Octal and hexadecimal literals behave similarly, but when in the range just above the largest representable plain integer but below the largest unsigned 32-bit number (on a machine using 32-bit arithmetic), 4294967296, they are taken as the negative plain integer obtained by subtracting 4294967296 from their unsigned value. There is no limit for long integer literals apart from what can be stored in available memory. For example, 0xdeadbeef is taken, on a 32-bit machine, as the value -559038737, while 0xdeadbeeffeed is taken as the value 244837814107885L.

Some examples of plain integer literals (first row) and long integer literals (second and third rows):

    7     2147483647                        0177    0x80000000
    3L    79228162514264337593543950336L    0377L   0x100000000L
          79228162514264337593543950336             0xdeadbeeffeed