# RAM, RAMACHANDRAN

NAME
RAM, RAMACHANDRAN - draw Ramachandran plot.
SYNOPSIS
RAM
RAM SEL
RAM OFF
RAMACHANDRAN
RAMACHANDRAN SEL
RAMACHANDRAN OFF
DESCRIPTION
Draw Ramachandran plot (only for proteins). The main chain torsion angles, phi and psi, are used to prepare two-dimensional scatter plot. Residues for which both phi and psi angle may be calculated will be shown as small circles. The horizontal axis (abscisa) is used for phi values, while the vertical axis (ordinate) is used for psi values. Blue color is used for trans residues, magenta for cis residues and red for bad residues. Trans residues are drawn first, followed by cis residues. Bad residues are drawn last. A residue is treated as bad if peptide unit associated with this residue is not planar. Peptide unit is considered as non-planar if it is twisted for more than 20 degrees. Terminal residues will be missing, because at least one of dihedral angles is not defined for such residues.
DIHEDRAL ANGLES
Click here for definitions of dihedral angles.
KEYWORDS
If used without any keyword, the command RAM will prepare the Ramachandran plot for protein structure(s) which are currently being handled ("caught"). Keyword OFF is used to switch off the Ramachandran plot, i.e. to return to the main drawing mode (atomic structure display). If keyword SEL (SELECTED) is used, only the residues which are currently selected will be visible in the Ramachandran plot. A residue is treated as selected if the first atom of this residue is selected. For proteins, this is usually N (nitrogen) atom. Here is the overview:

KEYWORD | DESCRIPTION
ram sel | Draw Ramachandran plot for selected residues.
ram off | Return to default drawing mode (atomic structure). Instead using this command, you can hit the ESCAPE key.

MOUSE USAGE
Pointing device (mouse) may be used to identify individual residues in Ramachandran plot. Just place the mouse pointer above the selected residue and the most important data for this residue will be shown in the output window. The output window will look like this:
EXAMPLE OF RAMACHANDRAN PLOT
The example below show the Ramachandran plot for photosynthetic reaction center from Rhodopseudomonas viridis.
EXAMPLES

COMMAND | DESCRIPTION
ram | Draw Ramachandran plot for all residues.
ram off | Return to default drawing mode (atomic structure).
ram sel | Draw Ramachandran plot for selected residues.
sel pro ram sel | Select all prolines and draw Ramachandran plot for prolines.
sel cis ram sel | Select all residues in cis conformation and draw Ramachandran plot for them.
sel bad ram sel | Select bad residues (peptide unit not planar) and draw Ramachandran plot.
sel tra ram sel | Select all residues in trans conformation and draw Ramachandran plot.

NOTES
(1) Instead using the command RAMA OFF, the ESCAPE key may be pressed to return to the main drawing mode.
(2) G. N. Ramachandran devised in the late 1960's the steric constraints for amino acid residues in proteins. As the number of high resolution structures is increasing, it appears evident that these old constrains are becoming obsolete. If you are interested in this problem, read this article:
http://xray.bmc.uu.se/~gerard/rama/ramarev.html
RELATED COMMANDS
SEL may be used to select a portion of protein structure, to reduce the amount of data in Ramachandran plot.