UILIBINTRO(3)

NAME
UILib intro — User interface library intro

DESCRIPTION

User interface libraries are responding to one-chracter or one-key input, return various kinds of information. They include the unfixed character string, fixed character string, marked segment position, status display character string, and candidate list character string.

The application program displays the data according to the returned information. It can also control mode transition by triggering through something other than key pressing (for example, selection through the mouse).

The user interface library provides jrKanjiString and jrKanjiControl for the input through the TTY. It also provides XLookupKanjiString and XKanjiControl for the input through the X window.

Use of the user interface library requires the following:

-   Through the TTY:

    Function
        jrKanjiString, jrKanjiControl

    Header file
        canna/jrkanji.h

    Library
        libcanna.a, libcanna.so

-   Through the X window:

    Function
        XLookupKanjiString, XKanjiControl

    Header file
        canna/kanji.h

    Library
        libXn.a, libXn.so, libcanna.a, libcanna.so

Outline

jrKanjiString
    Converts ordinary keyboard input (input through the TTY, input with X) into Kanji strings.

jrKanjiControl
    Executes the control with jrKanjiString according to the specified parameters.

XLookupKanjiString
    Converts the keyboard input (key event) into Kanji strings in the X window system.

XKanjiControl
JRKANJISTRING(3)

    Executes the control with XLookupKanjiString according to the specified parameters.

NAME
jrKanjiString — Kana-to-Kanji Conversion for ordinary keyboard input

SYNOPSIS
#include <canna/jrkanji.h>
int jrKanjiString(context_id, ch, buffer_return, bytes_buffer, kanji_status_return)
int context_id;
int ch;
char *buffer_return;
int bytes_buffer;
jrKanjiStatus *kanji_status_return;

DESCRIPTION

jrKanjiString converts ordinary keyboard input (input through the TTY, input with X) into Kanji strings.

jrKanjiString is a convenient routine which returns the character strings to be displayed. To convert the key input represented in ASCII code, into the Japanese characters, jrKanjiString specifies the input key code using ch. Romaji-to-Kana or Kana-to-Kanji Conversion is executed in jrKanjiString.

For a function or cursor key, specify a special code (listed in ``FUNCTION KEYS'' below) to jrKanjiString. Do not specify the sequence caused by the key.

For the context identifier specified in context_id, the value is not used as it is. Instead, a context that uses the context identifier as the key is created and used. Thus, the application program may specify any value for the context identifier to be specified for jrKanjiString. It is recommended that the input port's file descriptor be specified for this identifier. If 0 is specified for the identifier, the context prepared as the system default will be used by way of exception.

It is recommended that 0 be specified unless particular consideration is given to the context. The intermediate result to be displayed is returned to the application through kanji_status_return.

Responding to the input, it is necessary to display the intermediate result of Romaji-to-Kana or Kana-to-Kanji Conversion. The application must display the intermediate result according to the information returned by kanji_status_return, which is a jrKanjiStatus type structure.

The jrKanjiStatus structure is defined as follows:

typedef struct {
  unsigned char *echoStr; /* Character string for local echo */
  int           length;   /* Length of the local echo character string */
  int           revPos;   /* Offset to the reverse display field
                             within local echo character string */
  int           revLen;   /* Length of the reverse display within
                             local echo echo character string */
  unsigned long info;     /* Other information */
  unsigned char *mode;    /* Mode information */
  struct {
    unsigned char *line;  /* Candidate list character string */
    int           length; /* Length of candidate list character string */
    int           revPos; /* Offset to the reverse display field
                             within candidate list character string */
    int           revLen; /* Length of reverse display field within
                             candidate list character string */
  } gline;                /* Information about the candidate list*/
} jrKanjiStatus;

When Kana-to-Kanji conversion is used during Japanese input, information such as the readings to be converted need to be echoed (local echo). jrKanjiString does not perform display such as local echo. Instead, it returns the character strings to be submitted to local echo, to the application by using the jrKanjiStatus structure.

The EUC character strings to be submitted to local echo include characters already converted into Kana from Romaji and conversion candidate characters. Until the conversion is fixed, they are returned by the echoStr member. At this time, the length of local echo character string is returned by the length member. Also, the starting position and length (bytes) of reverse display area are returned by the revPos and revLen member, respectively. The buffer for local echo character strings is reserved automatically by jrKanjiString. It must be used only for reading. No character string must be written into this buffer.

If no character string is to be submitted to local echo, 0 will be returned by the length member.

The contents to be submitted to local echo may be the same as when jrKanjiString was previously called. (This occurs, for example, when a control code is pressed and the key is disabled.) In this case, -1 returns to the length member.

Mode changes and existence of information about the candidate list are passed by the info member. If info member's KanjiModeInfo bit is on, the character string indicating the new mode will return to mode. If the info member's KanjiGLineInfo bit is on, the gline structure has contained information such as the candidate list.

The character string for candidate list display returns to the gline structure's line member. The length, reverse dispaly starting position, and reverse display duration of the candidate list character string return to the gline structure's line, revPos, and revLen, respectively.

If there is an EUC character string fixed during conversion, it will be stored into buffer buffer_return. In this case, the length (bytes) of this character string will return. If there is no fixed character string, the return value will be 0. Using bytes_buffer, specify the size of the buffer that is to contain the fixed character string (buffer_return). If the fixed character string is longer than bytes_buffer, only the bytes_buffer substring is stored into buffer_return. In this case, the value specified in bytes_buffer will be the return value of jrKanjiString.

FUNCTION KEYS

For any function key that issue an Escape sequence, specify one of the following codes as ch instead of the Escape sequence:

Logical name
    Code

Nfer
    CANNA_KEY_Nfer

Xfer
    CANNA_KEY_Xfer

Up  CANNA_KEY_Up

Left
    CANNA_KEY_Left

Right
    CANNA_KEY_Right

Down
    CANNA_KEY_Down

Insert
    CANNA_KEY_Insert

Rollup
    CANNA_KEY_Rollup

Rolldown
    CANNA_KEY_Rolldown

Home
    CANNA_KEY_Home

Help
    CANNA_KEY_Help

S-Nfer
    CANNA_KEY_Shift_Nfer

S-Xfer
    CANNA_KEY_Shift_Xfer

S-Up
    CANNA_KEY_Shift_Up

S-Left
    CANNA_KEY_Shift_Left

S-Right
    CANNA_KEY_Shift_Right

S-Down
    CANNA_KEY_Shift_Down

C-Nfer
    CANNA_KEY_Control_Nfer

C-Xfer
    CANNA_KEY_Control_Xfer

C-Up
    CANNA_KEY_Control_Up

C-Left
    CANNA_KEY_Control_Left

C-Right
    CANNA_KEY_Control_Right

C-Down
    CANNA_KEY_Control_Down

F1  CANNA_KEY_F1

PF1 CANNA_KEY_PF1

SEE ALSO
jrKanjiControl(3)

RETURN VALUE

If an error occurs during input processing, -1 will return as the return value of this function. In this case, the error message will be stored in external variable (char*)jrKanjiError.

JRKANJICONTROL(3)

If a call to this function causes a character string to be fixed, the length (bytes) of this character string will return. Otherwise, 0 will return.

NAME
jrKanjiControl — Control the jrKanjiControl modes and processes

SYNOPSIS
#include <canna/jrkanji.h>
int jrKanjiControl(context_id, request, arg)
int context_id;
int request;
char *arg;

DESCRIPTION

jrKanjiControl executes process request for conversion context context_id. Some processes are accompanied by the argument, specified in arg.

jrKanjiControl controls the following 13 functions:

request name
    Function

KC_INITIALIZE
    Initializes Kana-to-Kanji conversion.

KC_CHANGEMODE
    Changes the input mode.

KC_SETWIDTH
    Specifies the width used to display the candidate

KC_FINALIZE
    Finalizes (terminates) Kana-to-Kanji conversion processing.

KC_SETUNDEFKEYFUNCTION
    Sets a function for an undefined key.

KC_SETMODEINFOSTYLE
    Specifies whether mode information is represented in numeric form.

KC_KAKUTEI
    Fixes the currently entered character string.

KC_KILL
    Deletes the currently entered character string.

KC_QUERYMODE
    Queries about the current mode.

KC_SETSERVERNAME
    Specifies the server to be connected.

KC_SETINITFILENAME
    Specifies the customize file.

KC_CLOSEUICONTEXT
    Closes the context.

KC_QUERYMAXMODESTR
    Obtains the maximum length of mode display character string.

Basically, jrKanjiControl is enabled only for something specified in the context. This rule does not apply to the initialize and terminate processes.

The unfixed character string condition may change, or details of the mode may vary, depending on the jrKanjiControl operation. If this may occur, pass the pointer to a structure that can contain the varied information in the arg field. This structure is defined as follows:

typedef struct {
  int      val;          /* The length of the character string in the
                            buffer returns. */
  unsigned char *buffer; /* Specifies the buffer used to store the
                            fixed character string. */
  int      bytes_buffer; /* Specifies the size of the above buffer. */
  jrKanjiStatus *ks;     /* Pointer to the structure that contains
                            information about the unfixed character string. */
} jrKanjiStatusWithValue;

The jrKanjiControl functions can be executed in the following ways:

(1) KC_INITIALIZE — Initializes Kana-to-Kanji conversion.

    KC_INITIALIZE initializes Kana-to-Kanji conversion by specifying KC_INITIALIZE in the request field. Specify one of the following in arg: (1) the pointer to the char ** type variable used to store the warning message and (2) NULL.

    The initialize process is basically executed automatically when jrKanjiString(3) is first called. This is skipped by using jrKanjiControl for initialization.

    For example, when control about Kana-to-Kanji conversion is executed using jrKanjiControl before use of jrKanjiString(3), Kana-to-Kanji conversion must be initialized.

    When the process terminates normally, 0 returns as the jrKanjiControl return value. When it terminates abnormally, -1 returns.

    When KC_INITIALIZE is executed, a warning, rather than an error, may occur. When it occurs, the pointer to the warning character string array is stored in and returns to the variable specified in arg. If no warning occurs, NULL is stored and returns.

    (Example)
      int res; /* Prepare for error return */
      char **warning;
      .....
      res = jrKanjiControl(0, KC_INITIALIZE, &warning);
      if (warning) {
        char **p;
        for (p = warning ; *p ; p++) {
          fprintf(stderr, "%s, *p);
        }
      }

    In the library, malloc is done for the warning message returning to the third argument. This message is freed when KC_INITIALIZE or KC_FINALIZE is executed next. The application programmer must not free it. The maximum number of warning messages is restricted to 64 now. The subsequent ones are discarded.

    The following warnings may be included in a message:

    -   All customize files including those of the system are unavailable.

    -   The customize file contains a syntax error.

    -   The Romaji-to-Kana conversion dictionary is unavailable.

    -   The Kana-to-Kanji conversion dictionary is unavailable.

    -   Connection to the Kana-to-Kanji conversion server is disabled.

    If NULL is specified as the third argument, any warning message will be discarded.

(2) KC_CHANGEMODE — Changes the input mode.

    KC_CHANGEMODE changes the input mode from the application. Specify KC_CHANGEMODE in the request field. Specify the jrKanjiStatusWithValue structure in arg.

    The Japanese mode is changed by specifying the mode number with the val member of jrKanjiStatusWithValue structure. The mode number is indicated by the following macros:

    Macro number
        Mode

    CANNA_MODE_AlphaMode
        Alphabet mode

    CANNA_MODE_HenkanMode
        Conversion input mode

    CANNA_MODE_KigoMode
        Symbol input mode

    CANNA_MODE_ZenHiraKakuteiMode
        Full-wide Hiragana fixed input mode

    CANNA_MODE_ZenKataKakuteiMode
        Full-wide Katakana fixed mode

    CANNA_MODE_HanKataKakuteiMode
        Half-wide Katakana fixed input mode

    CANNA_MODE_ZenAlphaKakuteiMode
        Full-wide alphabet fixed input mode

    CANNA_MODE_HanAlphaKakuteiMode
        Half-wide alphabet fixed input mode

    CANNA_MODE_HexMode
        Hexadecimal code input mode

    CANNA_MODE_BushuMode
        Bushu input mode

    CANNA_MODE_TorokuMode
        Word register mode

    This function causes much dispaly (mode name etc.) to vary in response to a mode change. The display change is returned by the jrKanjiStatusWithValue structure specified as arg.

    (Example)
      jrKanjiStatus ks;
      jrKanjiStatusWithValue ksv;
      unsigned char buf[SOMESIZE];
      .....
      ksv.ks = &ks;
      ksv.buffer = buf;
      ksv.bytes_buffer = SOMESIZE;
      ksv.val = CANNA_MODE_HexMode;
      jrKanjiControl(context, KC_CHANGEMODE, &ksv);
      len = ksv.val;
      .....
    /* Information about the unfixed or fixed character string is returned
       by ksv. */

(3) KC_SETWIDTH — Specifies the width used to display the candidate list.

    KC_SETWIDTH specifies the number of columns of the area on which the candidate list is to be displayed. The width of one column equals that of an alphabetical or half-wide Katakana character. Each full-wide Kanji character occupies two columns. Using KC_SETWIDTH, specify the width of candidate list display area to be specified in the request field. At this time, specify the number of columns in arg.

    (Example)
      jrKanjiControl(0, KC_SETWIDTH, (char *)60);

(4) KC_FINALIZE — Finalizes (terminates) processing of Kana-to-Kanji conversion

    KC_FINALIZE specifies that Kana-to-Kanji conversion also finalizes (terminates) at the end of the program and in other cases.
     Be sure to execute this process when terminating Kana-to-Kanji conversion processing. All contents learned up to now are registered in the file. Specify KC_FINALIZE in the request field.

    When the process terminates normally, 0 returns. When it terminates abnormally, -1 returns.

    When KC_FINALIZE is executed, a warning, rather than an error, may occur. When it occurs, the pointer to the warning character string array is stored in and returns to the variable specified in arg. If no warning occurs, NULL is stored and returns.

    (Example)
      int res; /* Prepare for error return */
      char **warning;
      .....
      res = jrKanjiControl(0, KC_FINALIZE, &warning);
      if (warning) {
        char **p;
        for (p = warning ; *p ; p++) {
          fprintf(stderr, "%s, *p);
        }
      }

    In the library, malloc is done for the warning message returning to the third argument. This message is freed when KC_INITIALIZE or KC_FINALIZE is executed next. The application programmer must not free it.

    The maximum number of warning messages is restricted to 64 now. The subsequent ones are discarded.

    The following warning may be included in a message:

    -   The dictionary cannot be unmounted.

    If NULL is specified as the third argument, any warning message will be discarded.

(5) KC_SETUNDEFKEYFUNCTION — Sets a function for an undefined key.

    For example, if you press CTRL-t during input of a reading, it is regarded as undefined key input. The following processes are executed, responding to undefined key input:

    Macro name
        Process

    kc_normal
        Beep

    kc_through
        Passes the input to the application

    kc_kakutei
        Fixes the input and passes it to the application program.

    kc_kill
        Deletes the input and passes it to the application program.

    If kc_normal is specified, the function set in external variable jrBeepFunc is called automatically by the library when an undefined key is input. If the value is not set in jrBeepFunc, nothing occurs when ``jrBeepFunc == NULL'' appears.

    (Example)
      extern (*jrBeepFunc)(), beep();
      jrBeepFunc = beep;
      jrKanjiControl(0, KC_SETUNDEFKEYFUNCTION, kc_normal);

(6) KC_SETMODEINFOSTYLE — Specifies mode information representation.

    You may want to display mode information with data such as the bit map, rather than character strings. In this case, return of numeric data as mode information helps you execute the process. Specify KC_SETMODEINFOSTYLE in jrKanjiControl, and pass 1 to arg. After this, one character representing the mode code (numeric) plus To convert the value into the mode code, subtract '@' (0x40) from the returned character string. For the mode codes, see the mode change description of Item (2) KC_CHANGEMODE.

(7) KC_KAKUTEI, (8) KC_KILL — Kill the currently input character string.

    You may want to relinquish the currently entered character string for some reason. There are two relinquishing methods. One is to relinquish the character string after including the currently entered character string as a fixed one. The other is to discard the character string completely then relinquish it. For the first method, specify KC_KAKUTEI in jrKanjiControl. For the second method, specify KC_KILL.

    Each of the above influences the display. The jrKanjiStatusWithValue must thus be specified as the third argument.

    (Example)
      jrKanjiStatusWithValue ksv;
      jrKanjiStatus ks;
      unsigned char buf[SOMESIZE];
      .....
      ksv.ks = &ks;
      ksv.buffer = buf;
      ksv.bytes_buffer = SOMESIZE;
      jrKanjiControl(context, KC_KAKUTEI, &ksv);
      len = ksv.val;
      .....

(9) KC_QUERYMODE — Inquiry about the mode

    To inquire about the current mode, specify KC_QUERYMODE in jrKanjiControl.

    Specify the pointer to the character array in which the mode character string is to be stored. The mode character string is a character string ending with a null character. To return a numeric here, specify KC_SETMODEINFOSTYLE in jrKanjiControl to change the mode character string style.

    (Example)
      char currentMode[MAXMODELEN];
      .....
      jrKanjiControl(0, KC_QUERYMODE, currentMode);
      .....

(10)
    KC_SETSERVERNAME Specifies the server to be connected.

    KC_SETSERVERNAME enables you to switch the Kana-to-Kanji conversion server without terminating the application program. To set the server to connect as the Kana-to-Kanji conversion server, specify KC_SETSERVERNAME in jrKanjiControl. In the third argument, specify the name of the server to be connected.

(11)
    KC_SETINITFILENAME — Specifies the customize file.

    KC_SETINITFILENAM enables the application program to change the customize file. To change the customize file, specify KC_SETINITFILENAME as the second argument and the file name character string as the third argument. This process must be executed before KC_INTIALIZE.

    (Example)
      char *inifile = "app-own.canna"
      .....
      jrKanjiControl(0, KC_SETINITFILENAME, initfile);
      .....

(12)
    KC_CLOSEUICONTEXT Closes the context.

    Any integer may be assigned as the context ID that represents the conversion context. A context ID that has never been used can be assigned to jrKanjiString or jrKanjiControl. In this case, initialization for this context is executed to reserve the required memory.

    If an input port used up to now is not used, you may want to free the memory reserved for the context ID assigned to this port. To do so, call jrKanjiControl by specifying KC_CLOSEUICONTEXT as the second argument.

    Because this process causes a display change, specify jrKanjiStatusWithValue as the third structure.

    (Example)
      jrKanjiStatusWithValue ksv;
      jrKanjiStatus ks;
      unsigned char buf[SOMESIZE];
      .....
      ksv.ks = &ks;
      ksv.buffer = buf;
      ksv.bytes_buffer = SOMESIZE;
      jrKanjiControl(0, KC_CLOSEUICONTEXT, &ksv);
      .....

(13)
    KC_QUERYMAXMODESTR — Obtains the maximum length of mode display character string.

    The mode display character string can be customized using the initialize file. It is necessary to examine the size of the display area (in the customized resulting mode display character string) that is to be reserved. Specify KC_QUERYMAXMODESTR as the second argument, then call jrKanjiControl. As a result, the number of columns necessary for the mode display character string is returned. The number of columns is represented, defining that the width of one half-wide alphanumeric character is 1.

    The third argument is unused; dummy value 0 is assigned to it.

    (Example)
      int max_mode_columns;
      .....
      max_mode_columns = jrKanjiControl(0, KC_QUERYMAXMODESTR, 0);
      .....

XLookupKanjiString(3)

NAME
XLookupKanjiString — Converts the keyboard input into Kanji

SYNOPSIS
#include <X11/Xlib.h>
#include <X11/kanji.h>

int
XLookupKanjiString(event_struct, buffer_return, bytes_buffer,
                   keysym_return, status_return, kanji_status_return)
        XKeyEvent *event_struct;
        char *buffer_return;
        int bytes_buffer;
        KeySym *keysym_return;
        XComposeStatus *status_return;
        XKanjiStatus *kanji_status_return;

ARGUMENTS

    event_struct
        Specifies the key event.

    buffer_return
        Returns the resulting Kanji string.

    bytes_buffer
        Specifies the buffer length.

    keysym_return
        Returns the key symbol. NULL may be specified

    status_return
        Specifies the pointer to the XCompose structure.

    kanji_status_return
        Returns the Kana-to-Kanji conversion status.

DESCRIPTION

XLookupKanjiString is a convenient routine that associates a key event with a Japanese character string. It uses the modifier key bit to processes such as shift, lock, and control.

XLookupKanjiString enables eight- and 16-bit Japanese characters to be processed.

XLookupKanjiString processes alphabetical characters in the same way as XLookupString.

For Japanese character processing, Romaji-to-Kana conversion and Kana-to-Kanji conversion are done in this function. The XKanjiStatus, defined below, is used during Japanese data input:

	typedef struct _XKanjiStatus {
	    unsigned char *echoStr;     /* local echo string */
	    int length;		        /* length of echo string */
	    int revPos;                 /* reverse position  */
	    int revLen;                 /* reverse length    */
	    unsigned long info;		/* other informations */
	    unsigned char *mode;	/* mode information */
	    struct {
		unsigned char *line;	/* a grance of Kanji characters */
		int length;		/* length of it */
		int revPos;		/* reverse position of it */
		int revLen;		/* reverse length of it */
	    } gline;			/* a grancing line information */
	} XKanjiStatus;
	#define KanjiModeInfo	01
	#define KanjiGLineInfo	02

When Kana-to-Kanji conversion is used during Japanese input, information such as the readings to be converted need to be echoed (local echo). XLookupKanjiString does not perform display such as local echo. Instead, it returns the character strings to be submitted to local echo, to the application by using the XKanjiStatus structure.

The EUC character strings to be submitted to local echo include characters already converted into Kana from Romaji and conversion candidate characters. Until the conversion is fixed, they are returned by the echoStr member. At this time, the length of local echo character string is returned by the length member. Also, the starting position and length (bytes) of reverse display are returned by the revPos and revLen member, respectively. The buffer for local echo character strings is reserved automatically by XLookupKanjiString. It should be used only for reading. No character string must be written into this buffer.

If no character string is to be submitted to local echo, 0 will return to the length member.

The contents to be submitted to local echo may be the same as when XLookupKanjiString was previously called. (This occurs, for example, when the Shift key is pressed.) In this case, -1 returns to the length member.

Mode changes and existence of information about the candidate list are passed by the info member. If info member's KanjiModeInfo bit is on, the character string indicating the new mode will return to mode. If the info member's KanjiGLineInfo bit is on, the gline structure has contained information such as the candidate list.

The character string for candidate list display returns to the gline structure's line member. The length, reverse dispaly starting position, and reverse display duration of the candidate list character string return to the gline structure's line, revPos, and revLen, respectively.

XKANJICONTROL(3)

If there is an EUC character string fixed during conversion, it will be stored in buffer_return. In this case, the length (bytes) of this character string will return as the return value of this function. If there is no fixed character string, the return value will be 0.

NAME
XKanjiControl — Control the XLookupKanjiString mode and process.

SYNOPSIS
#include <X11/kanji.h>
int XKanjiControl(dpy, win, request, arg)
Display dpy;
Window win;
int request;
char *arg;

DESCRIPTION

XKanjiControl executes a process that relates to Japanese input within the window defined by dpy and win. The process is specified in request. Some processes are accompanied by the argument, specified in arg.

XKanjiControl controls the following functions:

request name
    Function

KC_INITIALIZE
    Initializes Kana-to-Kanji conversion.

KC_CHANGEMODE
    Changes the input mode.

KC_SETWIDTH
    Specifies the width used to display the candidate

KC_FINALIZE
    Finalizes (terminates) Kana-to-Kanji conversion processing.

KC_SETUNDEFKEYFUNCTION
    Sets a function for an undefined key.

KC_SETMODEINFOSTYLE
    Specifies whether mode information is represented in numeric form.

KC_KAKUTEI
    Fixes the currently entered character string.

KC_KILL
    Deletes the currently entered character string.

KC_QUERYMODE
    Queries about the current mode.

KC_SETSERVERNAME
    Specifies the server to be connected.

KC_SETINITFILENAME
    Specifies the customize file.

KC_CLOSEUICONTEXT
    Closes the context.

KC_QUERYMAXMODESTR
    Obtains the maximum length of mode display character string.

Basically, XKanjiControl is enabled only for the window specified in the dpy and win. This rule does not apply to the initialize and terminate processes.

The unfixed character string condition may change, or details of the mode may vary, depending on the XKanjiControl operation. If this may occur, pass the pointer to a structure that can contain the varied information in the arg field. This structure is defined as follows:

typedef struct {
  int      val;          /* The length of the character string in the
                            buffer returns. */
  unsigned char *buffer; /* Specifies the buffer used to store the
                            fixed character string. */
  int      bytes_buffer; /* Specifies the size of the above buffer. */
  XKanjiStatus *ks;      /* Pointer to the structure that contains
                            information about the unfixed character string. */
} XKanjiStatusWithValue;

The XKanjiControl functions can be executed in the following ways:

(1) KC_INITIALIZE — Initializes Kana-to-Kanji conversion.

    KC_INITIALIZE initializes Kana-to-Kanji conversion by specifying KC_INITIALIZE in the request field. Specify one of the following in arg: (1) the pointer to the char ** type variable used to store the warning message and (2) NULL. The initialize process is basically executed automatically when XLookupKanjiString(3) is first called. This is skipped by using XKanjiControl for initialization.

    For example, when control about Kana-to-Kanji conversion is executed using XKanjiControl before use of XLookupKanjiString(3), Kana-to-Kanji conversion must be initialized.

    When the process terminates normally, 0 returns as the XKanjiControl return value. When it terminates abnormally, -1 returns.

    When KC_INITIALIZE is executed, a warning, rather than an error, may occur. When it occurs, the pointer to the warning character string array is stored in and returns to the variable specified in arg. If no warning occurs, NULL is stored and returns.

    (Example)
      int res; /* Prepare for error return */
      char **warning;
      .....
      res = XKanjiControl(dpy, win, KC_INITIALIZE, &warning);
      if (warning) {
        char **p;
        for (p = warning ; *p ; p++) {
          fprintf(stderr, "%s, *p);
        }
      }

    In the library, malloc is done for the warning message returning to the fourth argument. This message is freed when KC_INITIALIZE or KC_FINALIZE is executed next. The application programmer must not free it. The maximum number of warning messages is restricted to 64 now. The subsequent ones are discarded.

    The following warnings may be included in a message:

    -   All customize files including those of the system are unavailable.

    -   The customize file contains a syntax error.

    -   The Romaji-to-Kana conversion dictionary is unavailable.

    -   The Kana-to-Kanji conversion dictionary is unavailable.

    -   Connection to the Kana-to-Kanji conversion server is disabled.

    If NULL is specified as the fourth argument, any warning message will be discarded.

(2) KC_CHANGEMODE — Changes the input mode.

    KC_CHANGEMODE changes the input mode from the application. Specify KC_CHANGEMODE in the request field. Specify the XKanjiStatusWithValue structure in arg. The Japanese mode is changed by specifying the mode number with the val member of XKanjiStatusWithValue structure. The mode number is indicated by the following macros:

    Macro number
        Mode

    CANNA_MODE_AlphaMode
        Alphabet mode

    CANNA_MODE_HenkanMode
        Conversion input mode

    CANNA_MODE_KigoMode
        Symbol input mode

    CANNA_MODE_ZenHiraKakuteiMode
        Full-wide Hiragana fixed input mode

    CANNA_MODE_ZenKataKakuteiMode
        Full-wide Katakana fixed mode

    CANNA_MODE_HanKataKakuteiMode
        Half-wide Katakana fixed input mode

    CANNA_MODE_ZenAlphaKakuteiMode
        Full-wide alphabet fixed input mode

    CANNA_MODE_HanAlphaKakuteiMode
        Half-wide alphabet fixed input mode

    CANNA_MODE_HexMode
        Hexadecimal code input mode

    CANNA_MODE_BushuMode
        Bushu input mode

    CANNA_MODE_TorokuMode
        Word register mode

    This function causes much dispaly (mode name etc.) to vary in response to a mode change. The display change is returned by the XKanjiStatusWithValue structure specified as arg.

    (Example)
      XKanjiStatus ks;
      XKanjiStatusWithValue ksv;
      unsigned char buf[SOMESIZE];
      .....
      ksv.ks = &ks;
      ksv.buffer = buf;
      ksv.bytes_buffer = SOMESIZE;
      ksv.val = CANNA_MODE_HexMode;
      XKanjiControl(dpy, win, KC_CHANGEMODE, &ksv);
      len = ksv.val;
      .....
      /* Information about the unfixed or fixed character string is
         returned by ksv. */

(3) KC_SETWIDTH — Specifies the width used to display the candidate list.

    KC_SETWIDTH specifies the number of columns of the area on which the candidate list is to be displayed. The width of one column equals that of an alphabetical or half-wide Katakana character. Each full-wide Kanji character occupies two columns. Using KC_SETWIDTH, specify the width of candidate list display area to be specified in the request field. At this time, specify the number of columns in arg.

    (Example)
      XKanjiControl(dpy, win, KC_SETWIDTH, (char *)60);

(4) KC_FINALIZE — Finalizes (terminates) processing of Kana-to-Kanji conversion

    KC_FINALIZE specifies that Kana-to-Kanji conversion also finalizes (terminates) at the end of the program and in other cases. Be sure to execute this process when terminating Kana-to-Kanji conversion processing. All contents learned up to now are registered in the file. Specify KC_FINALIZE in the request field.

    When the process terminates normally, 0 returns. When it terminates abnormally, -1 returns.

    When KC_INITIALIZE is executed, a warning, rather than an error, may occur. When it occurs, the pointer to the warning character string array is stored in and returns to the variable specified in arg. If no warning occurs, NULL is stored and returns.

    (Example)
      int res; /* Prepare for error return */
      char **warning;
      .....
      res = XKanjiControl(dpy, win, KC_FINALIZE, &warning);
      if (warning) {
        char **p;
        for (p = warning ; *p ; p++) {
          fprintf(stderr, "%s, *p);
        }
      }

    In the library, malloc is done for the warning message returning to the fourth argument. This message is freed when KC_INITIALIZE or KC_FINALIZE is executed next. The application programmer must not free it.

    The maximum number of warning messages is restricted to 64 now. The subsequent ones are discarded.

    The following warning may be included in a message:

    -   The dictionary cannot be unmounted.

    If NULL is specified as the fourth argument, any warning message will be discarded.

(5) KC_SETUNDEFKEYFUNCTION — Sets a function for an undefined key.

    For example, if you press CTRL-t during input of a reading, it is regarded as undefined key input. The following processes are executed, responding to undefined key input:

    Macro name
        Process

    kc_normal
        Beep

    kc_through
        Passes the input to the application program.

    kc_kakutei
        Fixes the input and passes it to the application program.

    kc_kill
        Deletes the input and passes it to the application program.

    If kc_normal is specified, the function set in external variable jrBeepFunc is called automatically by the library when an undefined key is input. If the value is not set in jrBeepFunc, nothing occurs when "jrBeepFunc == NULL" appears.

    (Example)
      extern (*jrBeepFunc)(), beep();
      jrBeepFunc = beep;
      XKanjiControl(dpy, win, KC_SETUNDEFKEYFUNCTION, kc_normal);

(6) KC_SETMODEINFOSTYLE — Specifies mode information representation.

    You may want to display mode information with data such as the bit map, rather than character strings. In this case, return of numeric data as mode information helps you execute the process. Specify KC_SETMODEINFOSTYLE in XKanjiControl, and pass 1 to arg. After this, one character representing the mode code (numeric) plus To convert the value into the mode code, subtract '@' (0x40) from the returned character string. For the mode codes, see the mode change description of Item (2) KC_CHANGEMODE.

(7) KC_KAKUTEI, (8) KC_KILL — Kill the currently input character string.

    You may want to relinquish the currently entered character string for some reason. There are two relinquishing methods. One is to relinquish the character string after including the currently entered character string as a fixed one. The other is to discard the character string completely then relinquish it. For the first method, specify KC_KAKUTEI in jrKanjiControl. For the second method, specify KC_KILL.

    Each of the above influences the display. The XKanjiStatusWithValue must thus be specified as the fourth argument.

    (Example)
      XKanjiStatusWithValue ksv;
      XKanjiStatus ks;
      unsigned char buf[SOMESIZE];
      .....
      ksv.ks = &ks;
      ksv.buffer = buf;
      ksv.bytes_buffer = SOMESIZE;
      XKanjiControl(dpy, win, KC_KAKUTEI, &ksv);
      len = ksv.val;
      .....

(9) KC_QUERYMODE — Inquiry about the mode

    To inquire about the current mode, specify KC_QUERYMODE in XKanjiControl.

    Specify the pointer to the character array in which the mode character string is to be stored. The mode character string is a character string ending with a null character. To return a numeric here, specify KC_SETMODEINFOSTYLE in XKanjiControl to change the mode character string style.

    (Example)
      char currentMode[MAXMODELEN];
      .....
      XKanjiControl(dpy, win, KC_QUERYMODE, currentMode);
      .....

(10)
    KC_SETSERVERNAME — Specifies the server to be connected.

    KC_SETSERVERNAME enables you to switch the Kana-to-Kanji conversion server without terminating the application program. To set the server to connect as the Kana-to-Kanji conversion server, specify KC_SETSERVERNAME in XKanjiControl. In the fourth argument, specify the name of the server to be connected.

(11)
    KC_SETINITFILENAME — Specifies the customize file.

    KC_SETINITFILENAM enables the application program to change the customize file. To change the customize file, specify KC_SETINITFILENAME as the third argument and the file name character string as the fourth argument. This process must be executed before KC_INTIALIZE.

    (Example)
      char *inifile = "app-own.canna"
      .....
      XKanjiControl(dpy, win, KC_SETINITFILENAME, initfile);
      .....

(12)
    KC_CLOSEUICONTEXT Closes the context.

    When XKanjiControl or XLookupKanjiString is called, one conversion context is assigned to combination of dpy and win. Combination of dpy and win not used yet can be specified for XKanjiControl or XLookupKanjiString. When this is done, a new context is created for the window and the required memory is reserved.

    If a window used up to now is not used, you may want to free the context memory that has been assigned to this window. To do so, call XKanjiControl by specifying KC_CLOSEUICONTEXT as the third argument.

    Because this process causes a display change, specify XKanjiStatusWithValue as the fourth structure.

    (Example)
      XKanjiStatusWithValue ksv;
      XKanjiStatus ks;
      unsigned char buf[SOMESIZE];
      .....
      ksv.ks = &ks;
      ksv.buffer = buf;
      ksv.bytes_buffer = SOMESIZE;
      XKanjiControl(dpy, win, KC_CLOSEUICONTEXT, &ksv);
      .....

(13)
    KC_QUERYMAXMODESTR — Obtains the maximum length of mode display character string.

    The mode display character string can be customized using the initialize file. It is necessary to examine the size of the display area (in the customized resulting mode display character string) that is to be reserved. Specify KC_QUERYMAXMODESTR as the third argument, then call XKanjiControl. As a result, the number of columns necessary for the mode display character string is returned. (The number of columns is represented, defining that the width of one half-wide alphanumeric character is 1.

    The fourth argument is unused; dummy value 0 is assigned to it.

    (Example)
      int max_mode_columns;
      .....
      max_mode_columns = XKanjiControl(dpy, win, KC_QUERYMAXMODESTR, 0);
      .....