Module | Sequel::Model::InstanceMethods
In: | lib/sequel/model/base.rb

Sequel::Model instance methods that implement basic model functionality.

- All of the methods in `HOOKS` create instance methods that are called by Sequel when the appropriate action occurs. For example, when destroying a model object, Sequel will call `before_destroy`, do the destroy, and then call `after_destroy`.
- The following instance_methods all call the class method of the same name: columns, dataset, db, primary_key, db_schema.
- All of the methods in `BOOLEAN_SETTINGS` create attr_writers allowing you to set values for the attribute. It also creates instnace getters returning the value of the setting. If the value has not yet been set, it gets the default value from the class by calling the class method of the same name.

### Methods

== === [] []= autoincrementing_primary_key changed_columns delete destroy each eql? errors exists? hash id inspect keys lock! marshallable! modified! modified? new new? pk pk_hash refresh reload save save_changes set set_all set_except set_fields set_only singleton_method_added this update update_all update_except update_fields update_only valid? validate

### External Aliases

class | -> | model

class is defined in Object, but it is also a keyword, and since a lot of instance methods call class methods, this alias makes it so you can use model instead of self.class.

      Artist.new.model # => Artist

### Attributes

values

[R]

The hash of attribute values. Keys are symbols with the names of the underlying database columns.

      Artist.new(:name=>'Bob').values # => {:name=>'Bob'}
      Artist[1].values # => {:id=>1, :name=>'Jim', ...}

### Public Class methods

new(values = {}, from_db = false) {|self if block_given?| ...}

Creates new instance and passes the given values to set. If a block is given, yield the instance to the block unless from_db is true. This method runs the after_initialize hook after it has optionally yielded itself to the block.

Arguments:

values : | should be a hash to pass to set.
from_db : | should only be set by `Model.load`, forget it exists.

      Artist.new(:name=>'Bob')

      Artist.new do |a|
        a.name = 'Bob'
      end

[Source]

         # File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 696
    696:       def initialize(values = {}, from_db = false)
    697:         if from_db
    698:           @new = false
    699:           set_values(values)
    700:         else
    701:           @values = {}
    702:           @new = true
    703:           @modified = true
    704:           set(values)
    705:           changed_columns.clear
    706:           yield self if block_given?
    707:         end
    708:         after_initialize
    709:       end

### Public Instance methods

==(obj)

Alias of eql?

[Source]

         # File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 739
    739:       def ==(obj)
    740:         eql?(obj)
    741:       end

===(obj)

If pk is not nil, true only if the objects have the same class and pk. If pk is nil, false.

      Artist[1] === Artist[1] # true
      Artist.new === Artist.new # false
      Artist[1].set(:name=>'Bob') == Artist[1] # => true

[Source]

         # File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 749
    749:       def ===(obj)
    750:         pk.nil? ? false : (obj.class == model) && (obj.pk == pk)
    751:       end

[](column)

Returns value of the column‘s attribute.

      Artist[1][:id] #=> 1

[Source]

         # File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 714
    714:       def [](column)
    715:         @values[column]
    716:       end

[]=(column, value)

Sets the value for the given column. If typecasting is enabled for this object, typecast the value based on the column‘s type. If this a a new record or the typecasted value isn‘t the same as the current value for the column, mark the column as changed.

      a = Artist.new
      a[:name] = 'Bob'
      a.values #=> {:name=>'Bob'}

[Source]

         # File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 726
    726:       def []=(column, value)
    727:         # If it is new, it doesn't have a value yet, so we should
    728:         # definitely set the new value.
    729:         # If the column isn't in @values, we can't assume it is
    730:         # NULL in the database, so assume it has changed.
    731:         v = typecast_value(column, value)
    732:         if new? || !@values.include?(column) || v != @values[column]
    733:           changed_columns << column unless changed_columns.include?(column)
    734:           @values[column] = v
    735:         end
    736:       end

autoincrementing_primary_key()

The autoincrementing primary key for this model object. Should be overridden if you have a composite primary key with one part of it being autoincrementing.

[Source]

         # File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 764
    764:       def autoincrementing_primary_key
    765:         primary_key
    766:       end

changed_columns()

The columns that have been updated. This isn‘t completely accurate, as it could contain columns whose values have not changed.

      a = Artist[1]
      a.changed_columns # => []
      a.name = 'Bob'
      a.changed_columns # => [:name]

[Source]

         # File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 775
    775:       def changed_columns
    776:         @changed_columns ||= []
    777:       end

delete()

Deletes and returns `self`. Does not run destroy hooks. Look into using `destroy` instead.

      Artist[1].delete # DELETE FROM artists WHERE (id = 1)
      # => #<Artist {:id=>1, ...}>

[Source]

         # File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 784
    784:       def delete
    785:         _delete
    786:         self
    787:       end

destroy(opts = {})

Like delete but runs hooks before and after delete. If before_destroy returns false, returns false without deleting the object the the database. Otherwise, deletes the item from the database and returns self. Uses a transaction if use_transactions is true or if the :transaction option is given and true.

      Artist[1].destroy # BEGIN; DELETE FROM artists WHERE (id = 1); COMMIT;
      # => #<Artist {:id=>1, ...}>

[Source]

         # File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 798
    798:       def destroy(opts = {})
    799:         checked_save_failure(opts){checked_transaction(opts){_destroy(opts)}}
    800:       end

each(&block)

Iterates through all of the current values using each.

     Album[1].each{|k, v| puts "#{k} => #{v}"}
     # id => 1
     # name => 'Bob'

[Source]

         # File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 807
    807:       def each(&block)
    808:         @values.each(&block)
    809:       end

eql?(obj)

Compares model instances by values.

      Artist[1] == Artist[1] # => true
      Artist.new == Artist.new # => true
      Artist[1].set(:name=>'Bob') == Artist[1] # => false

[Source]

         # File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 816
    816:       def eql?(obj)
    817:         (obj.class == model) && (obj.values == @values)
    818:       end

errors()

Returns the validation errors associated with this object. See `Errors`.

[Source]

         # File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 822
    822:       def errors
    823:         @errors ||= Errors.new
    824:       end

exists?()

Returns true when current instance exists, false otherwise. Generally an object that isn‘t new will exist unless it has been deleted.

      Artist[1].exists? # SELECT 1 FROM artists WHERE (id = 1)
      # => true

[Source]

         # File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 832
    832:       def exists?
    833:         !this.get(1).nil?
    834:       end

hash()

Value that should be unique for objects with the same class and pk (if pk is not nil), or the same class and values (if pk is nil).

      Artist[1].hash == Artist[1].hash # true
      Artist[1].set(:name=>'Bob').hash == Artist[1].hash # true
      Artist.new.hash == Artist.new.hash # true
      Artist.new(:name=>'Bob').hash == Artist.new.hash # false

[Source]

         # File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 843
    843:       def hash
    844:         [model, pk.nil? ? @values.sort_by{|k,v| k.to_s} : pk].hash
    845:       end

id()

Returns value for the :id attribute, even if the primary key is not id. To get the primary key value, use `pk`.

      Artist[1].id # => 1

[Source]

         # File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 851
    851:       def id
    852:         @values[:id]
    853:       end

inspect()

Returns a string representation of the model instance including the class name and values.

[Source]

         # File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 857
    857:       def inspect
    858:         "#<#{model.name} @values=#{inspect_values}>"
    859:       end

keys()

Returns the keys in `values`. May not include all column names.

      Artist.new.keys # => []
      Artist.new(:name=>'Bob').keys # => [:name]
      Artist[1].keys # => [:id, :name]

[Source]

         # File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 866
    866:       def keys
    867:         @values.keys
    868:       end

lock!()

Refresh this record using `for_update` unless this is a new record. Returns self. This can be used to make sure no other process is updating the record at the same time.

      a = Artist[1]
      Artist.db.transaction do
        a.lock!
        a.update(...)
      end

[Source]

         # File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 879
    879:       def lock!
    880:         new? ? self : _refresh(this.for_update)
    881:       end

marshallable!()

Remove elements of the model object that make marshalling fail. Returns self.

      a = Artist[1]
      a.marshallable!
      Marshal.dump(a)

[Source]

         # File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 888
    888:       def marshallable!
    889:         @this = nil
    890:         self
    891:       end

modified!()

Explicitly mark the object as modified, so `save_changes`/`update` will run callbacks even if no columns have changed.

      a = Artist[1]
      a.save_changes # No callbacks run, as no changes
      a.modified!
      a.save_changes # Callbacks run, even though no changes made

[Source]

         # File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 900
    900:       def modified!
    901:         @modified = true
    902:       end

modified?()

Whether this object has been modified since last saved, used by save_changes to determine whether changes should be saved. New values are always considered modified.

      a = Artist[1]
      a.modified? # => false
      a.set(:name=>'Jim')
      a.modified # => true

[Source]

         # File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 912
    912:       def modified?
    913:         @modified || !changed_columns.empty?
    914:       end

new?()

Returns true if the current instance represents a new record.

      Artist.new.new? # => true
      Artist[1].new? # => false

[Source]

         # File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 920
    920:       def new?
    921:         @new
    922:       end

pk()

Returns the primary key value identifying the model instance. Raises an error if this model does not have a primary key. If the model has a composite primary key, returns an array of values.

      Artist[1].pk # => 1
      Artist[[1, 2]].pk # => [1, 2]

[Source]

         # File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 930
    930:       def pk
    931:         raise(Error, "No primary key is associated with this model") unless key = primary_key
    932:         key.is_a?(Array) ? key.map{|k| @values[k]} : @values[key]
    933:       end

pk_hash()

Returns a hash identifying mapping the receivers primary key column(s) to their values.

      Artist[1].pk_hash # => {:id=>1}
      Artist[[1, 2]].pk_hash # => {:id1=>1, :id2=>2}

[Source]

         # File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 939
    939:       def pk_hash
    940:         model.primary_key_hash(pk)
    941:       end

refresh()

Reloads attributes from database and returns self. Also clears all changed_columns information. Raises an `Error` if the record no longer exists in the database.

      a = Artist[1]
      a.name = 'Jim'
      a.refresh
      a.name # => 'Bob'

[Source]

         # File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 951
    951:       def refresh
    952:         _refresh(this)
    953:       end

reload()

Alias of refresh, but not aliased directly to make overriding in a plugin easier.

[Source]

         # File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 956
    956:       def reload
    957:         refresh
    958:       end

save(*columns)

Creates or updates the record, after making sure the record is valid and before hooks execute successfully. Fails if:

- the record is not valid, or
- before_save returns false, or
- the record is new and before_create returns false, or
- the record is not new and before_update returns false.

If `save` fails and either raise_on_save_failure or the :raise_on_failure option is true, it raises ValidationFailed or BeforeHookFailed. Otherwise it returns nil.

If it succeeds, it returns self.

You can provide an optional list of columns to update, in which case it only updates those columns.

Takes the following options:

- :changed - save all changed columns, instead of all columns or the columns given
- :transaction - set to true or false to override the current use_transactions setting
- :validate - set to false to skip validation
- :raise_on_failure - set to true or false to override the current raise_on_save_failure setting

[Source]

         # File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 985
    985:       def save(*columns)
    986:         opts = columns.last.is_a?(Hash) ? columns.pop : {}
    987:         if opts[:validate] != false and !valid?(opts)
    988:           raise(ValidationFailed.new(errors)) if raise_on_failure?(opts)
    989:           return
    990:         end
    991:         checked_save_failure(opts){checked_transaction(opts){_save(columns, opts)}}
    992:       end

save_changes(opts={})

Saves only changed columns if the object has been modified. If the object has not been modified, returns nil. If unable to save, returns false unless `raise_on_save_failure` is true.

      a = Artist[1]
      a.save_changes # => nil
      a.name = 'Jim'
      a.save_changes # UPDATE artists SET name = 'Bob' WHERE (id = 1)
      # => #<Artist {:id=>1, :name=>'Jim', ...}

[Source]

          # File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 1003
    1003:       def save_changes(opts={})
    1004:         save(opts.merge(:changed=>true)) || false if modified?
    1005:       end

set(hash)

Updates the instance with the supplied values with support for virtual attributes, raising an exception if a value is used that doesn‘t have a setter method (or ignoring it if `strict_param_setting = false`). Does not save the record.

      artist.set(:name=>'Jim')
      artist.name # => 'Jim'

[Source]

          # File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 1014
    1014:       def set(hash)
    1015:         set_restricted(hash, nil, nil)
    1016:       end

set_all(hash)

Set all values using the entries in the hash, ignoring any setting of allowed_columns or restricted columns in the model.

      Artist.set_restricted_columns(:name)
      artist.set_all(:name=>'Jim')
      artist.name # => 'Jim'

[Source]

          # File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 1024
    1024:       def set_all(hash)
    1025:         set_restricted(hash, false, false)
    1026:       end

set_except(hash, *except)

Set all values using the entries in the hash, except for the keys given in except.

      artist.set_except({:name=>'Jim'}, :hometown)
      artist.name # => 'Jim'

[Source]

          # File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 1033
    1033:       def set_except(hash, *except)
    1034:         set_restricted(hash, false, except.flatten)
    1035:       end

set_fields(hash, fields)

For each of the fields in the given array `fields`, call the setter method with the value of that `hash` entry for the field. Returns self.

      artist.set_fields({:name=>'Jim'}, :name)
      artist.name # => 'Jim'

      artist.set_fields({:hometown=>'LA'}, :name)
      artist.name # => nil
      artist.hometown # => 'Sac'

[Source]

          # File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 1046
    1046:       def set_fields(hash, fields)
    1047:         fields.each{|f| send("#{f}=", hash[f])}
    1048:         self
    1049:       end

set_only(hash, *only)

Set the values using the entries in the hash, only if the key is included in only.

      artist.set_only({:name=>'Jim'}, :name)
      artist.name # => 'Jim'

      artist.set_only({:hometown=>'LA'}, :name) # Raise error

[Source]

          # File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 1058
    1058:       def set_only(hash, *only)
    1059:         set_restricted(hash, only.flatten, false)
    1060:       end

singleton_method_added(meth)

Clear the setter_methods cache when a method is added

[Source]

          # File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 1063
    1063:       def singleton_method_added(meth)
    1064:         @singleton_setter_added = true if meth.to_s =~ SETTER_METHOD_REGEXP
    1065:         super
    1066:       end

this()

Returns (naked) dataset that should return only this instance.

      Artist[1].this
      # SELECT * FROM artists WHERE (id = 1) LIMIT 1

[Source]

          # File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 1072
    1072:       def this
    1073:         @this ||= model.dataset.filter(pk_hash).limit(1).naked
    1074:       end

update(hash)

Runs set with the passed hash and then runs save_changes.

      artist.update(:name=>'Jim') # UPDATE artists SET name = 'Jim' WHERE (id = 1)

[Source]

          # File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 1079
    1079:       def update(hash)
    1080:         update_restricted(hash, nil, nil)
    1081:       end

update_all(hash)

Update all values using the entries in the hash, ignoring any setting of allowed_columns or restricted columns in the model.

      Artist.set_restricted_columns(:name)
      artist.update_all(:name=>'Jim') # UPDATE artists SET name = 'Jim' WHERE (id = 1)

[Source]

          # File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 1088
    1088:       def update_all(hash)
    1089:         update_restricted(hash, false, false)
    1090:       end

update_except(hash, *except)

Update all values using the entries in the hash, except for the keys given in except.

      artist.update_except({:name=>'Jim'}, :hometown) # UPDATE artists SET name = 'Jim' WHERE (id = 1)

[Source]

          # File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 1096
    1096:       def update_except(hash, *except)
    1097:         update_restricted(hash, false, except.flatten)
    1098:       end

update_fields(hash, fields)

Update the instances values by calling `set_fields` with the `hash` and `fields`, then save any changes to the record. Returns self.

      artist.update_fields({:name=>'Jim'}, :name)
      # UPDATE artists SET name = 'Jim' WHERE (id = 1)

      artist.update_fields({:hometown=>'LA'}, :name)
      # UPDATE artists SET name = NULL WHERE (id = 1)

[Source]

          # File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 1108
    1108:       def update_fields(hash, fields)
    1109:         set_fields(hash, fields)
    1110:         save_changes
    1111:       end

update_only(hash, *only)

Update the values using the entries in the hash, only if the key is included in only.

      artist.update_only({:name=>'Jim'}, :name)
      # UPDATE artists SET name = 'Jim' WHERE (id = 1)

      artist.update_only({:hometown=>'LA'}, :name) # Raise Error

[Source]

          # File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 1120
    1120:       def update_only(hash, *only)
    1121:         update_restricted(hash, only.flatten, false)
    1122:       end

valid?(opts = {})

Validates the object and returns true if no errors are reported.

      artist(:name=>'Valid').valid? # => true
      artist(:name=>'Invalid').valid? # => false
      artist.errors.full_messages # => ['name cannot be Invalid']

[Source]

          # File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 1138
    1138:       def valid?(opts = {})
    1139:         errors.clear
    1140:         if before_validation == false
    1141:           raise_hook_failure(:validation) if raise_on_failure?(opts)
    1142:           return false
    1143:         end
    1144:         validate
    1145:         after_validation
    1146:         errors.empty?
    1147:       end

validate()

Validates the object. If the object is invalid, errors should be added to the errors attribute. By default, does nothing, as all models are valid by default. See the "Model Validations" guide. for details about validation. Should not be called directly by user code, call `valid?` instead to check if an object is valid.

[Source]

          # File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 1130
    1130:       def validate
    1131:       end

[Validate]