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# ::

The Paamayim Nekudotayim, or in simpler terms, the double colon. This token provides a way to access static, constant or overridden members or methods of a class.

When referencing these items from outside the class definition, you use name of the class.

Paamayim Nekudotayim would, at first, seem a strange choice for a double-colon. However, at the time of writing of Zend Engine 0.5 (which powered PHP3), that is what Andi and Zeev decided to call it. It actually does mean double-colon - in Hebrew! As PHP has progressed with its development it has just never changed.

示範 14-4.:: from outside class definition

`<?php class MyClass { const CONST_VALUE = 'A constant value'; } echo MyClass::CONST_VALUE; ?>`

Two special keywords self and parent are used to access members or methods from inside the class definition.

示範 14-5.:: from inside the class definition

`<?php class OtherClass extends MyClass { public static $my_static = 'static var'; public static function doubleColon() { echo parent::CONST_VALUE . "\n"; echo self::$my_static . "\n"; } } OtherClass::doubleColon(); ?>`

When an extending class overrides the parents definition of a method, php will not call the parent's method. It is up to the extending class to call the parent method or not, this also applies to Constructors and Destructors, Overloading and Magic method defintions as well.

示範 14-6.Calling a parent's method

`<?php class MyClass { protected function myFunc() { echo "MyClass::myFunc()\n"; } } class OtherClass extends MyClass { /* Override parent's definition */ public function myFunc() { /* But still call the parent function */ parent::myFunc(); echo "OtherClass::myFunc()\n"; } } $class = new OtherClass(); $class->myFunc(); ?>`

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