
                                    iep 



Function

   Calculates the isoelectric point of a protein

Description

   This calculates the isoelectric point of a protein from its amino acid
   composition assuming that no electrostatic interactions change the
   propensity for ionization.

   Adjusting the pH of an aqueous protein solution to the point where the
   numbers of positive and negative charges on the protein are equal
   brings the protein to its isoelectric point. This is often the point
   of lowest solubility, presumably because it is the point at which
   there are fewest intermolecular repulsions, so that the molecules tend
   to form aggregates.

   The application can make a plot of the ionization curve with respect
   to pH and can write an output file of the data.

Usage

   Here is a sample session with iep


% iep tsw:laci_ecoli 
Calculates the isoelectric point of a protein
Output file [laci_ecoli.iep]: 

   Go to the input files for this example
   Go to the output files for this example

Command line arguments

   Standard (Mandatory) qualifiers (* if not always prompted):
  [-sequence]          seqall     Sequence database USA
*  -graph              xygraph    Graph type
*  -outfile            outfile    Output file name

   Additional (Optional) qualifiers: (none)
   Advanced (Unprompted) qualifiers:
   -step               float      Step value for pH
   -amino              integer    Number of N-termini
   -[no]termini        boolean    Include charge at N and C terminus
   -plot               toggle     Plot charge vs pH
   -[no]report         toggle     Write results to a file

   Associated qualifiers:

   "-sequence" associated qualifiers
   -sbegin1             integer    Start of each sequence to be used
   -send1               integer    End of each sequence to be used
   -sreverse1           boolean    Reverse (if DNA)
   -sask1               boolean    Ask for begin/end/reverse
   -snucleotide1        boolean    Sequence is nucleotide
   -sprotein1           boolean    Sequence is protein
   -slower1             boolean    Make lower case
   -supper1             boolean    Make upper case
   -sformat1            string     Input sequence format
   -sdbname1            string     Database name
   -sid1                string     Entryname
   -ufo1                string     UFO features
   -fformat1            string     Features format
   -fopenfile1          string     Features file name

   "-graph" associated qualifiers
   -gprompt             boolean    Graph prompting
   -gtitle              string     Graph title
   -gsubtitle           string     Graph subtitle
   -gxtitle             string     Graph x axis title
   -gytitle             string     Graph y axis title
   -goutfile            string     Output file for non interactive displays
   -gdirectory          string     Output directory

   "-outfile" associated qualifiers
   -odirectory          string     Output directory

   General qualifiers:
   -auto                boolean    Turn off prompts
   -stdout              boolean    Write standard output
   -filter              boolean    Read standard input, write standard output
   -options             boolean    Prompt for standard and additional values
   -debug               boolean    Write debug output to program.dbg
   -verbose             boolean    Report some/full command line options
   -help                boolean    Report command line options. More
                                  information on associated and general
                                  qualifiers can be found with -help -verbose
   -warning             boolean    Report warnings
   -error               boolean    Report errors
   -fatal               boolean    Report fatal errors
   -die                 boolean    Report deaths


   Standard (Mandatory) qualifiers Allowed values Default
   [-sequence]
   (Parameter 1) Sequence database USA Readable sequence(s) Required
   -graph Graph type EMBOSS has a list of known devices, including
   postscript, ps, hpgl, hp7470, hp7580, meta, colourps, cps, xwindows,
   x11, tektronics, tekt, tek4107t, tek, none, null, text, data, xterm,
   png, xml EMBOSS_GRAPHICS value, or x11
   -outfile Output file name Output file <sequence>.iep
   Additional (Optional) qualifiers Allowed values Default
   (none)
   Advanced (Unprompted) qualifiers Allowed values Default
   -step Step value for pH Number from 0.010 to 1.000 .5
   -amino Number of N-termini Any integer value 1
   -[no]termini Include charge at N and C terminus Boolean value Yes/No
   Yes
   -plot Plot charge vs pH Toggle value Yes/No No
   -[no]report Write results to a file Toggle value Yes/No Yes

Input file format

   iep
   reads in any protein sequence USA.

  Input files for usage example

   'tsw:laci_ecoli' is a sequence entry in the example protein database
   'tsw'

  Database entry: tsw:laci_ecoli

ID   LACI_ECOLI     STANDARD;      PRT;   360 AA.
AC   P03023; P71309; Q47338; O09196;
DT   21-JUL-1986 (Rel. 01, Created)
DT   01-NOV-1997 (Rel. 35, Last sequence update)
DT   15-DEC-1998 (Rel. 37, Last annotation update)
DE   LACTOSE OPERON REPRESSOR.
GN   LACI.
OS   Escherichia coli.
OC   Bacteria; Proteobacteria; gamma subdivision; Enterobacteriaceae;
OC   Escherichia.
RN   [1]
RP   SEQUENCE FROM N.A.
RX   MEDLINE; 78246991.
RA   FARABAUGH P.J.;
RT   "Sequence of the lacI gene.";
RL   Nature 274:765-769(1978).
RN   [2]
RP   SEQUENCE FROM N.A.
RC   STRAIN=K12 / MG1655;
RX   MEDLINE; 97426617.
RA   BLATTNER F.R., PLUNKETT G. III, BLOCH C.A., PERNA N.T., BURLAND V.,
RA   RILEY M., COLLADO-VIDES J., GLASNER F.D., RODE C.K., MAYHEW G.F.,
RA   GREGOR J., DAVIS N.W., KIRKPATRICK H.A., GOEDEN M.A., ROSE D.J.,
RA   MAU B., SHAO Y.;
RT   "The complete genome sequence of Escherichia coli K-12.";
RL   Science 277:1453-1474(1997).
RN   [3]
RP   SEQUENCE FROM N.A.
RC   STRAIN=K12 / MG1655;
RA   DUNCAN M., ALLEN E., ARAUJO R., APARICIO A.M., CHUNG E., DAVIS K.,
RA   FEDERSPIEL N., HYMAN R., KALMAN S., KOMP C., KURDI O., LEW H.,
RA   LIN D., NAMATH A., OEFNER P., ROBERTS D., SCHRAMM S., DAVIS R.W.;
RL   Submitted (NOV-1996) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases.
RN   [4]
RP   SEQUENCE FROM N.A.
RA   CHEN J., MATTHEWS K.K.S.M.;
RL   Submitted (MAY-1991) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases.
RN   [5]
RP   SEQUENCE FROM N.A.
RA   MARSH S.;
RL   Submitted (JAN-1997) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases.
RN   [6]
RP   SEQUENCE OF 1-147; 159-230 AND 233-360.
RX   MEDLINE; 76091932.
RA   BEYREUTHER K., ADLER K., FANNING E., MURRAY C., KLEMM A., GEISLER N.;
RT   "Amino-acid sequence of lac repressor from Escherichia coli.
RT   Isolation, sequence analysis and sequence assembly of tryptic
RT   peptides and cyanogen-bromide fragments.";
RL   Eur. J. Biochem. 59:491-509(1975).
RN   [7]


  [Part of this file has been deleted for brevity]

CC   between  the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics  and the  EMBL outstation -
CC   the European Bioinformatics Institute.  There are no  restrictions on  its
CC   use  by  non-profit  institutions as long  as its content  is  in  no  way
CC   modified and this statement is not removed.  Usage  by  and for commercial
CC   entities requires a license agreement (See http://www.isb-sib.ch/announce/
CC   or send an email to license@isb-sib.ch).
CC   --------------------------------------------------------------------------
DR   EMBL; V00294; CAA23569.1; -.
DR   EMBL; J01636; AAA24052.1; -.
DR   EMBL; AE000141; AAC73448.1; -.
DR   EMBL; U73857; AAB18069.1; ALT_INIT.
DR   EMBL; X58469; CAA41383.1; -.
DR   EMBL; U86347; AAB47270.1; ALT_INIT.
DR   EMBL; U72488; AAB36549.1; -.
DR   EMBL; U78872; AAB37348.1; -.
DR   EMBL; U78873; AAB37351.1; -.
DR   EMBL; U78874; AAB37354.1; -.
DR   PIR; A03558; RPECL.
DR   PIR; S02540; S02540.
DR   PDB; 1LCC; 31-JAN-94.
DR   PDB; 1LCD; 31-JAN-94.
DR   PDB; 1LTP; 31-OCT-93.
DR   PDB; 1TLF; 31-JUL-95.
DR   PDB; 1LBG; 11-JUL-96.
DR   PDB; 1LBH; 11-JUL-96.
DR   PDB; 1LBI; 11-JUL-96.
DR   PDB; 1LQC; 12-FEB-97.
DR   ECO2DBASE; H039.0; 6TH EDITION.
DR   ECOGENE; EG10525; LACI.
DR   PFAM; PF00356; lacI; 1.
DR   PFAM; PF00532; Peripla_BP_like; 1.
DR   PROSITE; PS00356; HTH_LACI_FAMILY; 1.
KW   Transcription regulation; DNA-binding; Repressor; 3D-structure.
FT   DNA_BIND      6     25       H-T-H MOTIF.
FT   MUTAGEN      17     17       Y->H: BROADENING OF SPECIFICITY.
FT   MUTAGEN      22     22       R->N: RECOGNIZE AN OPERATOR VARIANT.
FT   VARIANT     282    282       Y -> D (IN T41 MUTANT).
FT   CONFLICT    286    286       S -> L (IN AAA24052, REF. 2, 4 AND 5).
FT   HELIX         6     13
FT   TURN         14     14
FT   HELIX        17     24
FT   HELIX        32     44
FT   TURN         49     50
SQ   SEQUENCE   360 AA;  38564 MW;  4CA5A1D6 CRC32;
     MKPVTLYDVA EYAGVSYQTV SRVVNQASHV SAKTREKVEA AMAELNYIPN RVAQQLAGKQ
     SLLIGVATSS LALHAPSQIV AAIKSRADQL GASVVVSMVE RSGVEACKAA VHNLLAQRVS
     GLIINYPLDD QDAIAVEAAC TNVPALFLDV SDQTPINSII FSHEDGTRLG VEHLVALGHQ
     QIALLAGPLS SVSARLRLAG WHKYLTRNQI QPIAEREGDW SAMSGFQQTM QMLNEGIVPT
     AMLVANDQMA LGAMRAITES GLRVGADISV VGYDDTEDSS CYIPPSTTIK QDFRLLGQTS
     VDRLLQLSQG QAVKGNQLLP VSLVKRKTTL APNTQTASPR ALADSLMQLA RQVSRLESGQ
//

Output file format

  Output files for usage example

  File: laci_ecoli.iep

IEP of LACI_ECOLI from 1 to 360
Isoelectric Point = 6.8820

   pH     Bound    Charge
  1.00    81.96    37.96
  1.50    81.89    37.89
  2.00    81.65    37.65
  2.50    80.91    36.91
  3.00    78.79    34.79
  3.50    73.70    29.70
  4.00    65.15    21.15
  4.50    56.73    12.73
  5.00    51.75     7.75
  5.50    49.36     5.36
  6.00    47.63     3.63
  6.50    45.56     1.56
  7.00    43.59    -0.41
  7.50    42.27    -1.73
  8.00    41.22    -2.78
  8.50    39.87    -4.13
  9.00    38.26    -5.74
  9.50    36.24    -7.76
 10.00    33.03   -10.97
 10.50    28.46   -15.54
 11.00    23.58   -20.42
 11.50    19.41   -24.59
 12.00    15.19   -28.81
 12.50     9.75   -34.25
 13.00     4.64   -39.36
 13.50     1.75   -42.25
 14.00     0.59   -43.41

   For each pH point it gives the number of bound electrons and the
   charge.

Data files

   iep reads in local data file Epk.dat which contains amino acid pK
   values used to calculate the isoelectric point of the whole protein

   EMBOSS data files are distributed with the application and stored in
   the standard EMBOSS data directory, which is defined by the EMBOSS
   environment variable EMBOSS_DATA.

   To see the available EMBOSS data files, run:

% embossdata -showall

   To fetch one of the data files (for example 'Exxx.dat') into your
   current directory for you to inspect or modify, run:

% embossdata -fetch -file Exxx.dat

   Users can provide their own data files in their own directories.
   Project specific files can be put in the current directory, or for
   tidier directory listings in a subdirectory called ".embossdata".
   Files for all EMBOSS runs can be put in the user's home directory, or
   again in a subdirectory called ".embossdata".

   The directories are searched in the following order:
     * . (your current directory)
     * .embossdata (under your current directory)
     * ~/ (your home directory)
     * ~/.embossdata

   Here is the default Epk.dat file:
# pK values for amino acids
# O=Ornithine J=Hydroxyproline
#
# Amino acid    pK
Amino           8.6
Carboxyl        3.6

C               8.5
D               3.9
E               4.1
H               6.5
K               10.8
R               12.5
Y               10.1

Notes

   None.

References

   None.

Warnings

   None.

Diagnostic Error Messages

   None.

Exit status

   0 if successful.

Known bugs

   None.

See also

   Program name                        Description
   backtranseq  Back translate a protein sequence
   charge       Protein charge plot
   checktrans   Reports STOP codons and ORF statistics of a protein
   compseq      Count composition of dimer/trimer/etc words in a sequence
   emowse       Protein identification by mass spectrometry
   freak        Residue/base frequency table or plot
   mwcontam     Shows molwts that match across a set of files
   mwfilter     Filter noisy molwts from mass spec output
   octanol      Displays protein hydropathy
   pepinfo      Plots simple amino acid properties in parallel
   pepstats     Protein statistics
   pepwindow    Displays protein hydropathy
   pepwindowall Displays protein hydropathy of a set of sequences

Author(s)

   Alan Bleasby (ajb © ebi.ac.uk)
   European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus,
   Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK

History

   Completed 1st August 1999.

Target users

   This program is intended to be used by everyone and everything, from
   naive users to embedded scripts.

Comments

   None
