| pepstats

## Function

Protein statistics

## Description

pepstats outputs a report of simple protein sequence information including:

- Molecular weight
- Number of residues
- Average residue weight
- Charge
- Isoelectric point
- For each type of amino acid: number, molar percent, DayhoffStat
- For each physico-chemical class of amino acid: number, molar percent
- Probability of protein expression in E. coli inclusion bodies
- Molar extinction coefficient (A280)
- Extinction coefficient at 1 mg/ml (A280)

DayhoffStat is the amino acid's molar percentage divided by the Dayhoff statistic. The Dayhoff statistic is the amino acid's relative occurence per 1000 aa normalised to 100 by rls@ebi.ac.uk (original work from 1993)

The probability of expression in inclusion bodies is sometimes referred to as a type of solubility measure. If, however, a recombinant protein is expressed in Escherichia coli, it can be expressed as soluble in the cytosol or insoluble in inclusion bodies. If the Harrison model predicts a given protein to be probably expressed in includion bodies, this doesn't mean that it is not possible to get it soluble in the cytosol. One example: Thermatoga maritima cell divison protein FtsA with a C-terminal His-Tag has a 58% Harrison probability of being expressed in inclusion bodies. However, there was plenty of soluble protein in the E. coli cytosol (F. van den Ent and J. Lowe, EMBO J. 19, 5300-5307 2000). If the protein is expressed in inclusion bodies or not is not only dependent on the sequence, but also on many other factors, such as E. coli strain, incubation temperature, type of expression vector, strength of promoter and medium.

## Usage

Here is a sample session with pepstats

    % pepstats
    Protein statistics
    Input sequence(s): tsw:laci_ecoli
    Output file [laci_ecoli.pepstats]:

Go to the input files for this example
Go to the output files for this example

## Command line arguments

       Standard (Mandatory) qualifiers:
      [-sequence]          seqall     Sequence database USA
      [-outfile]           outfile    Output file name

       Additional (Optional) qualifiers: (none)
       Advanced (Unprompted) qualifiers:
       -aadata             datafile   Molecular weight data for amino acids
       -[no]termini        boolean    Include charge at N and C terminus

       Associated qualifiers:

       "-sequence" associated qualifiers
       -sbegin1             integer    Start of each sequence to be used
       -send1               integer    End of each sequence to be used
       -sreverse1           boolean    Reverse (if DNA)
       -sask1               boolean    Ask for begin/end/reverse
       -snucleotide1        boolean    Sequence is nucleotide
       -sprotein1           boolean    Sequence is protein
       -slower1             boolean    Make lower case
       -supper1             boolean    Make upper case
       -sformat1            string     Input sequence format
       -sdbname1            string     Database name
       -sid1                string     Entryname
       -ufo1                string     UFO features
       -fformat1            string     Features format
       -fopenfile1          string     Features file name

       "-outfile" associated qualifiers
       -odirectory2         string     Output directory

       General qualifiers:
       -auto                boolean    Turn off prompts
       -stdout              boolean    Write standard output
       -filter              boolean    Read standard input, write standard output
       -options             boolean    Prompt for standard and additional values
       -debug               boolean    Write debug output to program.dbg
       -verbose             boolean    Report some/full command line options
       -help                boolean    Report command line options. More
                                      information on associated and general
                                      qualifiers can be found with -help -verbose
       -warning             boolean    Report warnings
       -error               boolean    Report errors
       -fatal               boolean    Report fatal errors
       -die                 boolean    Report deaths

Standard (Mandatory) qualifiers | Allowed values | Default
--- | --- | ---
[-sequence] (Parameter 1) | Sequence database USA | Readable sequence(s) | Required
[-outfile] (Parameter 2) | Output file name | Output file | <sequence>.pepstats
Additional (Optional) qualifiers | Allowed values | Default
(none)
Advanced (Unprompted) qualifiers | Allowed values | Default
-aadata | Molecular weight data for amino acids | Data file | Eamino.dat
-[no]termini | Include charge at N and C terminus | Boolean value Yes/No | Yes

## Input file format

pepstats reads a normal protein sequence USA.

### Input files for usage example

'tsw:laci_ecoli' is a sequence entry in the example protein database 'tsw'

### Database entry: tsw:laci_ecoli

    ID   LACI_ECOLI     STANDARD;      PRT;   360 AA.
    AC   P03023; P71309; Q47338; O09196;
    DT   21-JUL-1986 (Rel. 01, Created)
    DT   01-NOV-1997 (Rel. 35, Last sequence update)
    DT   15-DEC-1998 (Rel. 37, Last annotation update)
    DE   LACTOSE OPERON REPRESSOR.
    GN   LACI.
    OS   Escherichia coli.
    OC   Bacteria; Proteobacteria; gamma subdivision; Enterobacteriaceae;
    OC   Escherichia.
    RN   [1]
    RP   SEQUENCE FROM N.A.
    RX   MEDLINE; 78246991.
    RA   FARABAUGH P.J.;
    RT   "Sequence of the lacI gene.";
    RL   Nature 274:765-769(1978).
    RN   [2]
    RP   SEQUENCE FROM N.A.
    RC   STRAIN=K12 / MG1655;
    RX   MEDLINE; 97426617.
    RA   BLATTNER F.R., PLUNKETT G. III, BLOCH C.A., PERNA N.T., BURLAND V.,
    RA   RILEY M., COLLADO-VIDES J., GLASNER F.D., RODE C.K., MAYHEW G.F.,
    RA   GREGOR J., DAVIS N.W., KIRKPATRICK H.A., GOEDEN M.A., ROSE D.J.,
    RA   MAU B., SHAO Y.;
    RT   "The complete genome sequence of Escherichia coli K-12.";
    RL   Science 277:1453-1474(1997).
    RN   [3]
    RP   SEQUENCE FROM N.A.
    RC   STRAIN=K12 / MG1655;
    RA   DUNCAN M., ALLEN E., ARAUJO R., APARICIO A.M., CHUNG E., DAVIS K.,
    RA   FEDERSPIEL N., HYMAN R., KALMAN S., KOMP C., KURDI O., LEW H.,
    RA   LIN D., NAMATH A., OEFNER P., ROBERTS D., SCHRAMM S., DAVIS R.W.;
    RL   Submitted (NOV-1996) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases.
    RN   [4]
    RP   SEQUENCE FROM N.A.
    RA   CHEN J., MATTHEWS K.K.S.M.;
    RL   Submitted (MAY-1991) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases.
    RN   [5]
    RP   SEQUENCE FROM N.A.
    RA   MARSH S.;
    RL   Submitted (JAN-1997) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases.
    RN   [6]
    RP   SEQUENCE OF 1-147; 159-230 AND 233-360.
    RX   MEDLINE; 76091932.
    RA   BEYREUTHER K., ADLER K., FANNING E., MURRAY C., KLEMM A., GEISLER N.;
    RT   "Amino-acid sequence of lac repressor from Escherichia coli.
    RT   Isolation, sequence analysis and sequence assembly of tryptic
    RT   peptides and cyanogen-bromide fragments.";
    RL   Eur. J. Biochem. 59:491-509(1975).
    RN   [7]

      [Part of this file has been deleted for brevity]

    CC   between  the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics  and the  EMBL outstation -
    CC   the European Bioinformatics Institute.  There are no  restrictions on  its
    CC   use  by  non-profit  institutions as long  as its content  is  in  no  way
    CC   modified and this statement is not removed.  Usage  by  and for commercial
    CC   entities requires a license agreement (See http://www.isb-sib.ch/announce/
    CC   or send an email to license@isb-sib.ch).
    CC   --------------------------------------------------------------------------
    DR   EMBL; V00294; CAA23569.1; -.
    DR   EMBL; J01636; AAA24052.1; -.
    DR   EMBL; AE000141; AAC73448.1; -.
    DR   EMBL; U73857; AAB18069.1; ALT_INIT.
    DR   EMBL; X58469; CAA41383.1; -.
    DR   EMBL; U86347; AAB47270.1; ALT_INIT.
    DR   EMBL; U72488; AAB36549.1; -.
    DR   EMBL; U78872; AAB37348.1; -.
    DR   EMBL; U78873; AAB37351.1; -.
    DR   EMBL; U78874; AAB37354.1; -.
    DR   PIR; A03558; RPECL.
    DR   PIR; S02540; S02540.
    DR   PDB; 1LCC; 31-JAN-94.
    DR   PDB; 1LCD; 31-JAN-94.
    DR   PDB; 1LTP; 31-OCT-93.
    DR   PDB; 1TLF; 31-JUL-95.
    DR   PDB; 1LBG; 11-JUL-96.
    DR   PDB; 1LBH; 11-JUL-96.
    DR   PDB; 1LBI; 11-JUL-96.
    DR   PDB; 1LQC; 12-FEB-97.
    DR   ECO2DBASE; H039.0; 6TH EDITION.
    DR   ECOGENE; EG10525; LACI.
    DR   PFAM; PF00356; lacI; 1.
    DR   PFAM; PF00532; Peripla_BP_like; 1.
    DR   PROSITE; PS00356; HTH_LACI_FAMILY; 1.
    KW   Transcription regulation; DNA-binding; Repressor; 3D-structure.
    FT   DNA_BIND      6     25       H-T-H MOTIF.
    FT   MUTAGEN      17     17       Y->H: BROADENING OF SPECIFICITY.
    FT   MUTAGEN      22     22       R->N: RECOGNIZE AN OPERATOR VARIANT.
    FT   VARIANT     282    282       Y -> D (IN T41 MUTANT).
    FT   CONFLICT    286    286       S -> L (IN AAA24052, REF. 2, 4 AND 5).
    FT   HELIX         6     13
    FT   TURN         14     14
    FT   HELIX        17     24
    FT   HELIX        32     44
    FT   TURN         49     50
    SQ   SEQUENCE   360 AA;  38564 MW;  4CA5A1D6 CRC32;
         MKPVTLYDVA EYAGVSYQTV SRVVNQASHV SAKTREKVEA AMAELNYIPN RVAQQLAGKQ
         SLLIGVATSS LALHAPSQIV AAIKSRADQL GASVVVSMVE RSGVEACKAA VHNLLAQRVS
         GLIINYPLDD QDAIAVEAAC TNVPALFLDV SDQTPINSII FSHEDGTRLG VEHLVALGHQ
         QIALLAGPLS SVSARLRLAG WHKYLTRNQI QPIAEREGDW SAMSGFQQTM QMLNEGIVPT
         AMLVANDQMA LGAMRAITES GLRVGADISV VGYDDTEDSS CYIPPSTTIK QDFRLLGQTS
         VDRLLQLSQG QAVKGNQLLP VSLVKRKTTL APNTQTASPR ALADSLMQLA RQVSRLESGQ
    //

## Output file format

### Output files for usage example

### File: laci_ecoli.pepstats

    PEPSTATS of LACI_ECOLI from 1 to 360

    Molecular weight = 38563.97  		Residues = 360
    Average Residue Weight  = 107.122 	Charge   = 1.5
    Isoelectric Point = 6.8820
    A280 Molar Extinction Coefficient  = 21620
    A280 Extinction Coefficient 1mg/ml = 0.56
    Improbability of expression in inclusion bodies = 0.670

    Residue		Number		Mole%		DayhoffStat
    A = Ala		44		12.222 		1.421
    B = Asx		0		0.000  		0.000
    C = Cys		3		0.833  		0.287
    D = Asp		17		4.722  		0.859
    E = Glu		15		4.167  		0.694
    F = Phe		4		1.111  		0.309
    G = Gly		22		6.111  		0.728
    H = His		7		1.944  		0.972
    I = Ile		18		5.000  		1.111
    K = Lys		11		3.056  		0.463
    L = Leu		40		11.111 		1.502
    M = Met		10		2.778  		1.634
    N = Asn		12		3.333  		0.775
    P = Pro		14		3.889  		0.748
    Q = Gln		28		7.778  		1.994
    R = Arg		19		5.278  		1.077
    S = Ser		33		9.167  		1.310
    T = Thr		19		5.278  		0.865
    V = Val		34		9.444  		1.431
    W = Trp		2		0.556  		0.427
    X = Xaa		0		0.000  		0.000
    Y = Tyr		8		2.222  		0.654
    Z = Glx		0		0.000  		0.000

    Property	Residues		Number		Mole%
    Tiny		(A+C+G+S+T)		121		33.611
    Small		(A+B+C+D+G+N+P+S+T+V)	198		55.000
    Aliphatic	(I+L+V)			92		25.556
    Aromatic	(F+H+W+Y)		21		 5.833
    Non-polar	(A+C+F+G+I+L+M+P+V+W+Y)	199		55.278
    Polar		(D+E+H+K+N+Q+R+S+T+Z)	161		44.722
    Charged		(B+D+E+H+K+R+Z)		69		19.167
    Basic		(H+K+R)			37		10.278
    Acidic		(B+D+E+Z)		32		 8.889

## Data files

The Dayhoff statistic is read from the EMBOSS data file 'Edayhoff.freq'. You can inspect and modify this file by copying it into your current directory with the command: 'embossdata -fetch'.

EMBOSS data files are distributed with the application and stored in the standard EMBOSS data directory, which is defined by the EMBOSS environment variable EMBOSS_DATA.

To see the available EMBOSS data files, run:

    % embossdata -showall

To fetch one of the data files (for example 'Exxx.dat') into your current directory for you to inspect or modify, run:

    % embossdata -fetch -file Exxx.dat

Users can provide their own data files in their own directories. Project specific files can be put in the current directory, or for tidier directory listings in a subdirectory called ".embossdata". Files for all EMBOSS runs can be put in the user's home directory, or again in a subdirectory called ".embossdata".

The directories are searched in the following order:

- . (your current directory)
- .embossdata (under your current directory)
- ~/ (your home directory)
- ~/.embossdata

## Notes

None.

## References

1. Roger G. Harrison "Expression of soluble heterologous proteins via fusion with NusA protein" in inNovations 11, June 2000, p 4 - 7.

## Warnings

None.

## Diagnostic Error Messages

None.

## Exit status

It always exits with a status of 0.

## Known bugs

None.

## See also

Program name | Description
--- | ---
backtranseq | Back translate a protein sequence
charge | Protein charge plot
checktrans | Reports STOP codons and ORF statistics of a protein
compseq | Count composition of dimer/trimer/etc words in a sequence
emowse | Protein identification by mass spectrometry
freak | Residue/base frequency table or plot
iep | Calculates the isoelectric point of a protein
mwcontam | Shows molwts that match across a set of files
mwfilter | Filter noisy molwts from mass spec output
octanol | Displays protein hydropathy
pepinfo | Plots simple amino acid properties in parallel
pepwindow | Displays protein hydropathy
pepwindowall | Displays protein hydropathy of a set of sequences

## Author(s)

Alan Bleasby (ajb © ebi.ac.uk)
European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK

## History

Written (1999) - Alan Bleasby

## Target users

This program is intended to be used by everyone and everything, from naive users to embedded scripts.

## Comments

None