Benchmark(3)

NAME
Benchmark - benchmark running times of code

timethis - run a chunk of code several times

timethese - run several chunks of code several times

timeit - run a chunk of code and see how long it goes

SYNOPSIS

    timethis ($count, "code");
    # Use Perl code in strings...
    timethese($count, {
        'Name1' => '...code1...',
        'Name2' => '...code2...',
    });
    # ... or use subroutine references.
    timethese($count, {
        'Name1' => sub { ...code1... },
        'Name2' => sub { ...code2... },
    });
    $t = timeit($count, '...other code...')
    print "$count loops of other code took:",timestr($t),"\n";

DESCRIPTION
The Benchmark module encapsulates a number of routines to help you figure out how long it takes to execute some code.

  Methods

new Returns the current time. Example:

        use Benchmark;
        $t0 = new Benchmark;
        # ... your code here ...
        $t1 = new Benchmark;
        $td = timediff($t1, $t0);
        print "the code took:",timestr($td),"\n";

debug
    Enables or disable debugging by setting the $Benchmark::Debug flag:

        debug Benchmark 1;
        $t = timeit(10, ' 5 ** $Global ');
        debug Benchmark 0;

  Standard Exports
The following routines will be exported into your namespace if you use the Benchmark module:

timeit(COUNT, CODE)
    Arguments: COUNT is the number of times to run the loop, and CODE is the code to run. CODE may be either a code reference or a string to be eval'd; either way it will be run in the caller's package.

    Returns: a Benchmark object.

timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] )
    Time COUNT iterations of CODE. CODE may be a string to eval or a code reference; either way the CODE will run in the caller's package. Results will be printed to STDOUT as TITLE followed by the times. TITLE defaults to "timethis COUNT" if none is provided. STYLE determines the format of the output, as described for timestr() below.

    The COUNT can be zero or negative: this means the minimum number of CPU seconds to run. A zero signifies the default of 3 seconds. For example to run at least for 10 seconds:

            timethis(-10, $code)
    or to run two pieces of code tests for at least 3 seconds:

            timethese(0, { test1 => '...', test2 => '...'})
    CPU seconds is, in UNIX terms, the user time plus the system time of the process itself, as opposed to the real (wallclock) time and the time spent by the child processes. Less than 0.1 seconds is not accepted (-0.01 as the count, for example, will cause a fatal runtime exception).

    Note that the CPU seconds is the minimum time: CPU scheduling and other operating system factors may complicate the attempt so that a little bit more time is spent. The benchmark output will, however, also tell the number of $code runs/second, which should be a more interesting number than the actually spent seconds.

    Returns a Benchmark object.

timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] )
    The CODEHASHREF is a reference to a hash containing names as keys and either a string to eval or a code reference for each value. For each (KEY, VALUE) pair in the CODEHASHREF, this routine will call

            timethis(COUNT, VALUE, KEY, STYLE)
    The routines are called in string comparison order of KEY.

    The COUNT can be zero or negative, see timethis().

timediff ( T1, T2 )
    Returns the difference between two Benchmark times as a Benchmark object suitable for passing to timestr().

timesum ( T1, T2 )
    Returns the sum of two Benchmark times as a Benchmark object suitable for passing to timestr().

timestr ( TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] )
    Returns a string that formats the times in the TIMEDIFF object in the requested STYLE. TIMEDIFF is expected to be a Benchmark object similar to that returned by timediff().

    STYLE can be any of 'all', 'noc', 'nop' or 'auto'. 'all' shows each of the 5 times available ('wallclock' time, user time, system time, user time of children, and system time of children). 'noc' shows all except the two children times. 'nop' shows only wallclock and the two children times. 'auto' (the default) will act as 'all' unless the children times are both zero, in which case it acts as 'noc'.

    FORMAT is the the printf(3) manpage-style format specifier (without the leading '%') to use to print the times. It defaults to '5.2f'.

  Optional Exports
The following routines will be exported into your namespace if you specifically ask that they be imported:

clearcache ( COUNT )
    Clear the cached time for COUNT rounds of the null loop.

clearallcache ( )
    Clear all cached times.

disablecache ( )
    Disable caching of timings for the null loop. This will force Benchmark to recalculate these timings for each new piece of code timed.

enablecache ( )
    Enable caching of timings for the null loop. The time taken for COUNT rounds of the null loop will be calculated only once for each different COUNT used.

NOTES
The data is stored as a list of values from the time and times functions:

      ($real, $user, $system, $children_user, $children_system)
in seconds for the whole loop (not divided by the number of rounds).

The timing is done using time(3) and times(3).

Code is executed in the caller's package.

The time of the null loop (a loop with the same number of rounds but empty loop body) is subtracted from the time of the real loop.

The null loop times are cached, the key being the number of rounds. The caching can be controlled using calls like these:

    clearcache($key);
    clearallcache();
    disablecache();
    enablecache();

INHERITANCE
Benchmark inherits from no other class, except of course for Exporter.

CAVEATS
Comparing eval'd strings with code references will give you inaccurate results: a code reference will show a slower execution time than the equivalent eval'd string.

The real time timing is done using time(2) and the granularity is therefore only one second.

Short tests may produce negative figures because perl can appear to take longer to execute the empty loop than a short test; try:

    timethis(100,'1');
The system time of the null loop might be slightly more than the system time of the loop with the actual code and therefore the difference might end up being < 0.

AUTHORS
Jarkko Hietaniemi <jhi@iki.fi>, Tim Bunce <Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk>

MODIFICATION HISTORY
September 8th, 1994; by Tim Bunce.

March 28th, 1997; by Hugo van der Sanden: added support for code references and the already documented 'debug' method; revamped documentation.

April 04-07th, 1997: by Jarkko Hietaniemi, added the run-for-some-time functionality.