## NAME

         create_bmp_for_rect_cen_in_rect - bitmap generator for  rec-
         tangular  conductor  inside  rectangular  conductor (part of
         atlc)

## SYNOPSIS

         create_bmp_for_rect_cen_in_rect [options... ] W  H  w  h  Er
         outfile.bmp

## WARNING

         This man page is not a complete set of documentation  -  the
         complexity  of the atlc project makes man pages not an ideal
         way to document it, although out of completeness, man  pages
         are produced. The best documentation that was current at the
         time the version was produced should be found on  your  hard
         drive, usually at
         /usr/local/share/atlc/docs/html-docs/index.html
         although it might be elsewhere if your system  administrator
         chose  to  install  the package elsewhere. Sometimes, errors
         are  corrected  in   the   documentation   and   placed   at
         http://atlc.sourceforge.net/ before a new release of atlc is
         released.  Please, if you notice a problem with the documen-
         tation - even spelling errors and typos, please let me know.

## DESCRIPTION

         create_bmp_for_rect_cen_in_rect is a pre-processor for atlc,
         the  finite difference program that is used to calculate the
         properties of a two-conductor electrical  transmission  line
         of      arbitrary     cross     section.     The     program
         create_bmp_for_rect_cen_in_rect is used as  a  fast  way  of
         generating  bitmaps (there is no need to use a graphics pro-
         gram), for a rectangular conductor placed  centrally  inside
         another rectangular conductor, like this:

         -----------------------------------------------------  ^
         |                                                   |  |
         |            Dielectric, permittivity=Er            |  |
         |                                                   |  |
         |                                                   |  |
         |                                                   |  |
         |             <----------w----------->              |  |
         |             ------------------------   ^          |  |
         |             |                      |   |          |  |
         |             |  Metallic conductor  |   |          |  H
         |             |  conductor (must be  |   h          |  |
         |             |  in  the centre)     |   |          |  |
         |             |                      |   |          |  |
         |             ------------------------   ^          |  |
         |                                                   |  |
         |                                                   |  |
         |                                                   |  |
         |                                                   |  |
         |                                                   |  |
         |                                                   |  |
         -----------------------------------------------------  |
         <---------------------------W----------------------->

         The parameters 'W' and 'H' and the inner dimensions  of  the
         outer  conductor.  The outer dimensions of the inner conduc-
         tor are 'w' and 'h'. The inner conductor is  assumed  be  be
         placed  centrally  inside  the  outer  conductor. The spaced
         between the two conductors is filled with  a  dielectric  of
         relative permittivity Er

         The bitmaps produced by create_bmp_for_rect_cen_in_rect  are
         24-bit bit colour bitmaps, as required by atlc.

         The permittivity of the bitmap, set by 'Er',  determine  the
         colours  in  the  bitmap. If Er is 1.0, 2.1, 2.2, 2.33, 2.5,
         3.3, 3.335, 4.8 or 10.2, then the  colour  corresponding  to
         that  permittivity  will  be  set  according  to the colours
         defined in COLOURS below. If Er is not one of those  permit-
         tivities,  the  region of permittivity Er will be set to the
         colour 0xCAFF00. The program atlc does not know  what  these
         permittivites  are,  so  they  atlc,  must  be told with the
         comand line option -d, as in example 4 below.

## OPTIONS

         -b bitmapsize
         is used to set the size of the bitmap, and so  the  accuracy
         to  which  atlc is able to calculate the transmission line's
         properties. The default value for 'bitmapsize'  is  normally
         4,  although  this  is set at compile time. The value can be
         set anywhere from 1 to 15, but more than 8 is  probably  not
         sensible.

         -f outfile
         Set the output filename. By default, the bitmap is  sent  to
         stdout,  but  it *must* be sent to a file, with this option,
         or as described above.

         -v
         Causes create_bmp_for_rect_cen_in_rect to print some data to
         stdout.

## COLOURS

         The 24-bit bitmaps that atlc expects, have 8  bits  assigned
         to  represent the amount of red, 8 for blue and 8 for green.
         Hence there are 256 levels of red, green and blue, making  a
         total of 256*256*256=16777216 colours. Every one of the pos-
         sible 16777216 colours can be defined precisely by the stat-
         ing the exact amount of red, green and blue, as in:
         red         = 255,000,000 or 0xff0000
         green       = 000,255,000 or 0x00ff00
         blue        = 000,000,255 or 0x0000ff
         black       = 000,000,000 or 0x000000
         white       = 255,255,255 or 0xffffff
         Brown       = 255,000,255 or 0xff00ff
         gray        = 142,142,142 or 0x8e8e8e

         Some colours, such as pink, turquoise,  sandy,  brown,  gray
         etc  may mean slightly different things to different people.
         This is not so with atlc, as the program expects the colours
         below  to  be EXACTLY defined as given. Whether you feel the
         colour is sandy or yellow is up to you, but if you use it in
         your  bitmap, then it either needs to be a colour recognised
         by atlc, or you must define it with a  command  line  option
         (see OPTIONS and example 5 below).
         The following conductors are recognised by atlc:
         red    = 255,000,000 or 0xff0000 is the live conductor.
         green  = 000,255,000 or 0x00ff00 is the grounded conductor.
         blue   = 000,000,000 or 0x000000 is the negative conductor

         All bitmaps must have the live (red)  and  grounded  (green)
         conductor.  The  blue  conductor is not currently supported,
         but it will be used to indicate a negative conductor,  which
         will  be needed if/when the program gets extended to analyse
         directional couplers.

         The following dielectrics are recognised by atlc and so  are
         produced by create_bmp_for_rect_cen_in_rect.

         white      255,255,255 or 0xFFFFFF as Er=1.0   (vacuum)
         pink       255,202,202 or 0xFFCACA as Er=1.0006 (air)
         light blue 130,052,255 or 0x8235Ef as Er=2.1   (PTFE)
         Mid gray   142,242,142 or 0x8E8E8E as Er=2.2   (duroid 5880)
         mauve         255.000,255    or    0xFF00FF    as    Er=2.33
         (polyethylene)  yellow     255,255,000 or 0xFFFF00 as Er=2.5
         (polystyrene)
         sandy      239,203,027 or 0xEFCC1A as Er=3.3   (PVC)
         brown      188,127,096 or 0xBC7F60 as Er=3.335 (epoxy resin)
         Turquoise  026,239,179 or 0x1AEFB3 as Er=4.8   (glass PCB)
         Dark gray  142,142,142 or ox696969 as Er=6.15  (duroid 6006)
         L. gray    240,240,240 or 0xDCDCDC as Er=10.2  (duroid 6010)
         D. orange  213,130,067 or 0xD5A04D as Er=100.0  (mainly  for
         test purposes)
         If the permittivity is one not in the above list, then those
         parts of the image with Er will be set to 0xCAFF00.

## EXAMPLES

         Here   are    a    few    examples    of    the    use    of
         create_bmp_for_rect_cen_in_rect.  Again,  see the html docu-
         mentation in  atlc-X.Y.Z/docs/html-doc/index.html  for  more
         examples.
         1) In the first example, there is just a vacuum  dielectric,
         so  Er=1.0.   The  inner of 1x1 inches (or mm, miles etc) is
         placed centrally in an  outer  with  dimensions  3.3  x  3.9
         inches.

         % create_bmp_for_rect_cen_in_rect 3.3 3.9 1 1 1 > 1.bmp
         % atlc 1.bmp

         2) In this second example, an inner of 15.0 mm x 5.0  mm  is
         surrounded  by  an  outer with internal dimensions of 71.5 x
         60.0 mm. There is a material with permittivity  2.1  (Er  of
         PTFE)   around   the   inner   conductor.  The  output  from
         create_bmp_for_rect_cen_in_rect is sent  to  a  file  2.bmp,
         which is then processed by atlc

         % create_bmp_for_rect_cen_in_rect 71.5 60.0 15.0 5.0  2.1  >
         2.bmp
         % atlc 2.bmp

         3) In example 3, the bitmap  is  made  larger,  to  increase
         accuracy,  but  otherwise  this  is  identical to the second
         example. % create_bmp_for_rect_cen_in_rect -b7 71.5 60 15  5
         2.1 > 3.bmp
         % atlc 3.bmp

         In   the   fourth   example,   instead    of    re-directing
         create_bmp_for_rect_cen_in_rect's  output to a file with the
         > sign, it is done using the -f option.
         % create_bmp_for_rect_cen_in_rect -f 4.bmp 61.5  28.1  5  22
         2.1
         % atlc 4.bmp

## SEE ALSO

         atlc(1)                       create_bmp_for_circ_in_circ(1)
         create_bmp_for_circ_in_rect(1)
         create_bmp_for_microstrip_coupler(1)
         create_bmp_for_rect_cen_in_rect_coupler(1)
         create_bmp_for_rect_in_circ(1)
         create_bmp_for_rect_in_rect(1)
         create_bmp_for_stripline_coupler(1)
         create_bmp_for_symmetrical_stripline(1)    design_coupler(1)
         find_optimal_dimensions_for_microstrip_coupler(1) readbin(1)

         http://atlc.sourceforge.net                - Home page
         http://sourceforge.net/projects/atlc       - Download area
         atlc-X.Y.Z/docs/html-docs/index.html       - HTML docs
         atlc-X.Y.Z/docs/qex-december-1996/atlc.pdf - theory paper
         atlc-X.Y.Z/examples                        - examples