Chapters:
1: Introduction
2: Simple example
3: Invocation
4: Finer Control
5: X-Y Plots
6: Contour Plots
7: Image Plots
8: Examples
9: Gri Commands
10: Programming
11: Environment
12: Emacs Mode
13: History
14: Installation
15: Gri Bugs
16: Test Suite
17: Gri in Press
18: Acknowledgments
19: License
Indices:
Concepts
Commands
Variables

# 5: X-Y Plots

- Linegraphs: x-y graphs with data connected by line segments
- Scattergraphs: x-y graphs with data indicated by symbols
- Formula Plots:

## 5.1: Linegraphs

The following Gri commands will draw a linegraph. For the output graph (see Getting More Control).

This plots a simple linegraph:

    # Example 1 -- Linegraph using data in a separate file

    open example1.dat      # Open the data file
    read columns x y       # Read (x,y) columns
    draw curve             # Draw data curve
    draw title "Example 1" # Title above plot

Here's what the command lines mean:

- The first line is a comment. Anything to the right of a hash-mark ``#`' is considered to be a comment. (This symbol is also called a "pound".)

- The second line is blank. Gri ignores blank lines between commands.
- ``open example1.dat`' tells Gri to open the indicated file (in the current directory) as an input data file. You can specify files outside the current directory by using conventional unix-shell pathnames (e.g., ``open ~/data/TS/section1/T_S.dat`' or ``open ../data/file.dat`'). You can even use "synonyms" (see Synonyms.) in filenames, as in ``open \BASENAME.dat`'.
- ``read columns x y`' tells Gri to start reading columnar data, the first column being ``x`', the second ``y`'. ``x`' and ``y`' are predefined names for whatever ends up on the horizontal and vertical axes.

  The number of data needn't be specified. Gri reads columns until a blank line or end-of-file is found. You can tell Gri how many lines to read with a command like ``read columns 10 x y`'. Multiple datasets can reside within one file; provided that they are separated by a single blank line, Gri can access them by multiple ``read`' commands.

  Like C, Gri expects numbers to be separated by one or more spaces or tabs. Commas are not allowed. If the columns were reversed, the command would be ``read columns y x`'. If there were an initial column of extraneous data, the command would be ``read columns * x y`', or ``read columns x=2 y=3`' (see Read Columns).

- ``draw curve`' tells Gri to draw a curve connecting the points in the ``x`' and ``y`' columns. A nice scale will be selected automatically. (You can change this or any other plot characteristics easily, as you'll see later.)
- ``draw title`' tells Gri to write the indicated string centered above the plot. The title must be enclosed in quotes.
- ``quit`' tells Gri to exit.

Gri will draw axes automatically, and pick its own scales.

If you wish to draw several curves which cross each other, you should try using ``draw curve overlying`' instead of ``draw curve`'. This will make it easier to distinguish the different curves.

## 5.2: Scattergraphs

This section contains two examples, the first being a fuller explanation of all the bells and whistles, the second being a simple explanation of how to get a very quick plot, given just a file containing a matrix of grid data.

To get a scattergraph with symbols at the data points, substitute ``draw symbol`' for ``draw curve`'. Both symbols and a curve result if both ``draw curve`' and ``draw symbols`' are used. See see Getting More Control for an example.

By default, the symbol used is an x. To get another symbol, use a command like ``draw symbol 0`' or ``draw symbol plus`'.

To change the symbol size from the default of 0.2 cm use commands like ``set symbol size 0.1`' to set to 1 mm (see Set Symbol Size).

### 5.2.1: Coding data with symbols

To get different symbols for different data points, insert symbol codes from the above list as a column along with the x-y data, and substitute the command ``read columns x y z`', and then draw them with ``draw symbol`'. Gri will interpret the rounded-integer values of the ``z`' columns as symbol codes. Note that even if you've read in a z column which you intend to represent symbols, it will be overridden if you designate a specific symbol in your ``draw symbols`' command; thus ``draw symbol 0`' puts a ``+`' at the data points whether or not you've read in a symbol column.

### 5.2.2: Drawing a symbol legend

The following example shows how you might write a symbol legend for a plot. The legend is drawn 1 cm to the right of the right-hand side of the axes, with the bottom of the legend one quarter of the way up the plot; see Draw Symbol Legend. The lines in the legend are double-spaced vertically. To change the location of the legend, alter the ``.legend_x. =`' and ``.legend_y. =`' lines. To change the spacing, alter the ``.legend_y. +=`' line.

    set x axis -1 5 1
    set y axis -1 5 1
    read columns x y z
    0 0 0
    1 1 1
    2 2 2
    3 3 3

    draw symbol

    # Legend
    .leg_x. = {rpn ..xmargin.. ..xsize.. + 1 +}
    .leg_y. = {rpn ..ymargin.. ..ysize.. 4 / +}
    draw symbol legend 0 "Foo" at .leg_x. .leg_y. cm
    .leg_y. += {rpn "M" ascent 2 *}
    draw symbol legend 1 "Bar" at .leg_x. .leg_y. cm
    .leg_y. += {rpn "M" ascent 2 *}

### 5.2.3: Coding data with symbol colors

To get different colors for different symbols, read a color code into the z column, and do for example ``draw symbol bullet color hue z`'. The numerical color code ranges from 0 (red) through to 1, passing through green at 1/3 and blue at 2/3.

## 5.3: Formula Plots

There are two methods for formula graphs.

1. Use the system yourself. Do as in this example:

       open "awk 'BEGIN{for(i=0;i<3.141;i+=0.05)\
           {print(i,cos(i))}}' |"
       read columns x y
       close
       draw curve

2. Let Gri calculate things for you

   The simplest is to let Gri calculate things for you with the ``create columns from function`' command (see Create). The command assumes that you have defined the synonym called ``\function`' which defines ``y`' in terms of ``x`'.

   Gri uses the program ``awk`' to create the columns, and cannot work without it.

   Here is an example of using ``create columns from function`':

       show "First 2 terms of perturbation expansion"
       set y axis name horizontal
       set y name "sea-level"
       set x name "$\omega$t"

       \b = "0.4" # perturbation parameter b=dH/H
       \xmin = "0"
       \xmax = "6.28"
       \xinc = "3.14 / 20"
       \function = "cos(x)"
       set x axis \xmin \xmax
       create columns from function
       draw curve
       draw title "SOLID LINE  \function"

       \function = "(cos(x)+\b/2*(1-cos(2*x)))"
       create columns from function
       set dash 1
       draw curve
       draw title "DASHED LINE \function"

       draw title "b = \b"

   Here's another example, in which the curve ``y = 1/(\int + \sl*x)`' is drawn through some data. Note how ``sprintf`' is used to set ``\xmin`' and ``\xmax`' using the scales that Gri has determined in reading the data.

       open file.data
       read columns x y
       close
       draw symbol bullet
       \int = "-0.1235"
       \sl = "0.003685"
       sprintf \xmin "%f" ..xleft..
       sprintf \xmax "%f" ..xright..
       \function = "1/(\int + x * \sl)"
       create columns from function
       draw curve