# 9. Testing

Automated testing is seen as a key part of Grails, implemented using Groovy Tests. Hence, Grails provides many ways to making testing easier from low level unit testing to high level functional tests. This section details the different capabilities that Grails offers in terms of testing.

The first thing to be aware of is that all of the `create-*` commands actually end up creating `integration` tests automatically for you. For example say you run the create-controller command as follows:

    grails create-controller simple

Not only will Grails create a controller at `grails-app/controllers/SimpleController.groovy`, but also an integration test at `test/integration/SimpleControllerTests.groovy`. What Grails won't do however is populate the logic inside the test! That is left up to you.

#### Running Tests

Test are run with the test-app command:

    grails test-app

The above command will produce output such as:

    -------------------------------------------------------
    Running Unit Tests…
    Running test FooTests...FAILURE
    Unit Tests Completed in 464ms …
    -------------------------------------------------------Tests failed: 0 errors, 1 failures

Whilst reports will have been written out the `target/test-reports` directory.

> You can force a clean before running tests by passing `-clean` to the `test-app` command.

##### Targeting Tests

You can selectively target the test(s) to be run in different ways. To run all tests for a controller named `SimpleController` you would run:

    grails test-app SimpleController

This will run any tests for the class named `SimpleController`. Wildcards can be used...

    grails test-app *Controller

This will test all classes ending in `Controller`. Package names can optionally be specified...

    grails test-app some.org.*Controller

or to run all tests in a package...

    grails test-app some.org.*

or to run all tests in a package including subpackages...

    grails test-app some.org.**

You can also target particular test methods...

    grails test-app SimpleController.testLogin

This will run the `testLogin` test in the `SimpleController` tests. You can specify as many patterns in combination as you like...

    grails test-app some.org.* SimpleController.testLogin BookController

##### Targeting Test Types and/or Phases

In addition to targeting certain tests, you can also target test types and/or phases by using the `phase:type` syntax.

> Grails organises tests by phase and by type. A test phase relates to the state of the Grails application during the tests, and the type relates to the testing mechanism.

> Grails comes with support for 4 test phases (`unit`, `integration`, `functional` and `other`) and JUnit test types for the `unit` and `integration` phases. These test types have the same name as the phase.

> Testing plugins may provide new test phases or new test types for existing phases. Refer to the plugin documentation.

To execute the JUnit `integration` tests you can run:

    grails test-app integration:integration

Both `phase` and `type` are optional. Their absence acts as a wildcard. The following command will run all test types in the `unit` phase:

    grails test-app unit:

The Grails Spock Plugin is one plugin that adds new test types to Grails. It adds a `spock` test type to the `unit`, `integration` and `functional` phases. To run all spock tests in all phases you would run the following:

    grails test-app :spock

To run the all of the spock tests in the `functional` phase you would run...

    grails test-app functional:spock

More than one pattern can be specified...

    grails test-app unit:spock integration:spock

##### Targeting Tests in Types and/or Phases

Test and type/phase targetting can be applied at the same time:

    grails test-app integration: unit: some.org.**

This would run all tests in the `integration` and `unit` phases that are in the page `some.org` or a subpackage of.