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# ImageMagick Convert Command-line Tool

Use the `convert` program to convert between image formats as well as resize an image, blur, crop, despeckle, dither, draw on, flip, join, re-sample, and much more. See Command Line Processing for advice on how to structure your `convert` command or see below for example usages of the command.

## Example Usage

We list a few examples of the `convert` command here to illustrate its usefulness and ease of use. To get started, lets convert an image in the JPEG format to PNG:

$magick> convert rose.jpg rose.png

Next, we reduce the image size before it is written to the PNG format:

$magick> convert rose.jpg -resize 50% rose.png

You can combine multiple image-processing operations to produce complex results:

$magick> convert -size 320x85 xc:transparent -font Bookman-DemiItalic -pointsize 72 \
-draw "text 25,60 'Magick'" -channel RGBA -blur 0x6 -fill darkred -stroke magenta \
-draw "text 20,55 'Magick'" fuzzy-magick.png

You can find additional examples of using `convert` in Examples of ImageMagick Usage.

## Option Summary

The `convert` command recognizes these options. Click on an option to get more details about how that option works.

Option | Description
--- | ---
-adaptive-blur geometry | adaptively blur pixels; decrease effect near edges
-adaptive-resize geometry | adaptively resize image with data dependent triangulation.
-adaptive-sharpen geometry | adaptively sharpen pixels; increase effect near edges
-adjoin | join images into a single multi-image file
-affine matrix | affine transform matrix
-alpha | on, activate, off, deactivate, set, opaque, copy", transparent, extract, background, or shape the alpha channel
-annotate geometry text | annotate the image with text
-antialias | remove pixel-aliasing
-append | append an image sequence
-authenticate value | decipher image with this password
-auto-gamma | automagically adjust gamma level of image
-auto-level | automagically adjust color levels of image
-auto-orient | automagically orient image
-background color | background color
-bench iterations | measure performance
-bias value | add bias when convolving an image
-black-threshold value | force all pixels below the threshold into black
-blue-primary point | chromaticity blue primary point
-blue-shift factor | simulate a scene at nighttime in the moonlight
-blur geometry | reduce image noise and reduce detail levels
-border geometry | surround image with a border of color
-bordercolor color | border color
-brightness-contrast geometry | improve brightness / contrast of the image
-caption string | assign a caption to an image
-cdl filename | color correct with a color decision list
-channel type | apply option to select image channels
-charcoal radius | simulate a charcoal drawing
-chop geometry | remove pixels from the image interior
-clamp | restrict colors from 0 to the quantum depth
-clip | clip along the first path from the 8BIM profile
-clip-mask filename | associate clip mask with the image
-clip-path id | clip along a named path from the 8BIM profile
-clone index | clone an image
-clut | apply a color lookup table to the image
-contrast-stretch geometry | improve the contrast in an image by `stretching' the range of intensity value
-coalesce | merge a sequence of images
-colorize value | colorize the image with the fill color
-color-matrix matrix | apply color correction to the image.
-colors value | preferred number of colors in the image
-colorspace type | set image colorspace
-combine | combine a sequence of images
-comment string | annotate image with comment
-compose operator | set image composite operator
-composite | composite image
-compress type | image compression type
-contrast | enhance or reduce the image contrast
-convolve coefficients | apply a convolution kernel to the image
-crop geometry | crop the image
-cycle amount | cycle the image colormap
-decipher filename | convert cipher pixels to plain
-debug events | display copious debugging information
-define format:option | define one or more image format options
-deconstruct | break down an image sequence into constituent parts
-delay value | display the next image after pausing
-delete index | delete the image from the image sequence
-density geometry | horizontal and vertical density of the image
-depth value | image depth
-despeckle | reduce the speckles within an image
-direction type | render text right-to-left or left-to-right
-display server | get image or font from this X server
-dispose method | layer disposal method
-distort type coefficients | distort image
-dither method | apply error diffusion to image
-draw string | annotate the image with a graphic primitive
-edge radius | apply a filter to detect edges in the image
-emboss radius | emboss an image
-encipher filename | convert plain pixels to cipher pixels
-encoding type | text encoding type
-endian type | endianness (MSB or LSB) of the image
-enhance | apply a digital filter to enhance a noisy image
-equalize | perform histogram equalization to an image
-evaluate operator value | evaluate an arithmetic, relational, or logical expression
-evaluate-sequence operator | evaluate an arithmetic, relational, or logical expression for an image sequence
-extent geometry | set the image size
-extract geometry | extract area from image
-family name | render text with this font family
-fft | implments the discrete Fourier transform (DFT)
-fill color | color to use when filling a graphic primitive
-filter type | use this filter when resizing an image
-flatten | flatten a sequence of images
-flip | flip image in the vertical direction
-floodfill geometry color | floodfill the image with color
-flop | flop image in the horizontal direction
-font name | render text with this font
-format string | output formatted image characteristics
-frame geometry | surround image with an ornamental border
-function name | apply a function to the image
-fuzz distance | colors within this distance are considered equal
-fx expression | apply mathematical expression to an image channel(s)
-gamma value | level of gamma correction
-gaussian-blur geometry | reduce image noise and reduce detail levels
-geometry geometry | preferred size or location of the image
-gravity type | horizontal and vertical text placement
-green-primary point | chromaticity green primary point
-help | print program options
-identify | identify the format and characteristics of the image
-ift | implements the inverse discrete Fourier transform (DFT)
-implode amount | implode image pixels about the center
-insert index | insert last image into the image sequence
-intent type | type of rendering intent when managing the image color
-interlace type | type of image interlacing scheme
-interline-spacing value | the space between two text lines
-interpolate method | pixel color interpolation method
-interword-spacing value | the space between two words
-kerning value | the space between two characters
-label string | assign a label to an image
-lat geometry | local adaptive thresholding
-layers method | optimize or compare image layers
-level value | adjust the level of image contrast
-limit type value | pixel cache resource limit
-linear-stretch geometry | linear with saturation histogram stretch
-liquid-rescale geometry | rescale image with seam-carving
-log format | format of debugging information
-loop iterations | add Netscape loop extension to your GIF animation
-mask filename | associate a mask with the image
-mattecolor color | frame color
-median radius | apply a median filter to the image
-modulate value | vary the brightness, saturation, and hue
-monitor | monitor progress
-monochrome | transform image to black and white
-morph value | morph an image sequence
-morphology method kernel | apply a morphology method to the image
-motion-blur geometry | simulate motion blur
-negate | replace each pixel with its complementary color
-noise radius | add or reduce noise in an image
-normalize | transform image to span the full range of colors
-opaque color | change this color to the fill color
-ordered-dither NxN | ordered dither the image
-orient type | image orientation
-page geometry | size and location of an image canvas (setting)
-paint radius | simulate an oil painting
-ping | efficiently determine image attributes
-pointsize value | font point size
-polaroid angle | simulate a Polaroid picture
-posterize levels | reduce the image to a limited number of color levels
-precision value | set the maximum number of significant digits to be printed
-preview type | image preview type
-print string | interpret string and print to console
-process image-filter | process the image with a custom image filter
-profile filename | add, delete, or apply an image profile
-quality value | JPEG/MIFF/PNG compression level
-quantize colorspace | reduce image colors in this colorspace
-quiet | suppress all warning messages
-radial-blur angle | radial blur the image
-raise value | lighten/darken image edges to create a 3-D effect
-random-threshold low,high | random threshold the image
-red-primary point | chromaticity red primary point
-regard-warnings | pay attention to warning messages.
-region geometry | apply options to a portion of the image
-remap filename | transform image colors to match this set of colors
-render | render vector graphics
-repage geometry | size and location of an image canvas
-resample geometry | change the resolution of an image
-resize geometry | resize the image
-respect-parentheses | settings remain in effect until parenthesis boundary.
-roll geometry | roll an image vertically or horizontally
-rotate degrees | apply Paeth rotation to the image
-sample geometry | scale image with pixel sampling
-sampling-factor geometry | horizontal and vertical sampling factor
-scale geometry | scale the image
-scene value | image scene number
-seed value | seed a new sequence of pseudo-random numbers
-segment values | segment an image
-selective-blur geometry | selectively blur pixels within a contrast threshold
-separate | separate an image channel into a grayscale image
-sepia-tone threshold | simulate a sepia-toned photo
-set attribute value | set an image attribute
-shade degrees | shade the image using a distant light source
-shadow geometry | simulate an image shadow
-sharpen geometry | sharpen the image
-shave geometry | shave pixels from the image edges
-shear geometry | slide one edge of the image along the X or Y axis
-sigmoidal-contrast geometry | increase the contrast without saturating highlights or shadows
-size geometry | width and height of image
-sketch geometry | simulate a pencil sketch
-solarize threshold | negate all pixels above the threshold level
-splice geometry | splice the background color into the image
-spread radius | displace image pixels by a random amount
-strip | strip image of all profiles and comments
-stroke color | graphic primitive stroke color
-strokewidth value | graphic primitive stroke width
-stretch type | render text with this font stretch
-style type | render text with this font style
-swap indexes | swap two images in the image sequence
-swirl degrees | swirl image pixels about the center
-synchronize | synchronize image to storage device
-taint | mark the image as modified
-texture filename | name of texture to tile onto the image background
-threshold value | threshold the image
-thumbnail geometry | create a thumbnail of the image
-tile filename | tile image when filling a graphic primitive
-tile-offset geometry | set the image tile offset
-tint value | tint the image with the fill color
-transform | affine transform image
-transparent color | make this color transparent within the image
-transparent-color color | transparent color
-transpose | flip image in the vertical direction and rotate 90 degrees
-transverse | flop image in the horizontal direction and rotate 270 degrees
-treedepth value | color tree depth
-trim | trim image edges
-type type | image type
-undercolor color | annotation bounding box color
-unique-colors | discard all but one of any pixel color.
-units type | the units of image resolution
-unsharp geometry | sharpen the image
-verbose | print detailed information about the image
-version | print version information
-view | FlashPix viewing transforms
-vignette geometry | soften the edges of the image in vignette style
-virtual-pixel method | access method for pixels outside the boundaries of the image
-wave geometry | alter an image along a sine wave
-weight type | render text with this font weight
-white-point point | chromaticity white point
-white-threshold value | force all pixels above the threshold into white
-write filename | write images to this file

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