
The Bugzilla Guide - 3.6.4 Release

The Bugzilla Team

   2011-11-24

   This is the documentation for Bugzilla, a bug-tracking system from
   mozilla.org. Bugzilla is an enterprise-class piece of software that tracks
   millions of bugs and issues for hundreds of organizations around the world.

   The most current version of this document can always be found on the
   Bugzilla Documentation Page.
     _________________________________________________________________

   Table of Contents
   1. About This Guide

        1.1. Copyright Information
        1.2. Disclaimer
        1.3. New Versions
        1.4. Credits
        1.5. Document Conventions

   2. Installing Bugzilla

        2.1. Installation
        2.2. Configuration
        2.3. Optional Additional Configuration
        2.4. Multiple Bugzilla databases with a single installation
        2.5. OS-Specific Installation Notes
        2.6. UNIX (non-root) Installation Notes
        2.7. Upgrading to New Releases

   3. Administering Bugzilla

        3.1. Bugzilla Configuration
        3.2. User Administration
        3.3. Classifications
        3.4. Products
        3.5. Components
        3.6. Versions
        3.7. Milestones
        3.8. Flags
        3.9. Keywords
        3.10. Custom Fields
        3.11. Legal Values
        3.12. Bug Status Workflow
        3.13. Voting
        3.14. Quips
        3.15. Groups and Group Security
        3.16. Checking and Maintaining Database Integrity

   4. Bugzilla Security

        4.1. Operating System
        4.2. Web server
        4.3. Bugzilla

   5. Using Bugzilla

        5.1. Introduction
        5.2. Create a Bugzilla Account
        5.3. Anatomy of a Bug
        5.4. Life Cycle of a Bug
        5.5. Searching for Bugs
        5.6. Filing Bugs
        5.7. Attachments
        5.8. Hints and Tips
        5.9. Time Tracking Information
        5.10. User Preferences
        5.11. Reports and Charts
        5.12. Flags
        5.13. Whining

   6. Customizing Bugzilla

        6.1. Bugzilla Extensions
        6.2. Custom Skins
        6.3. Template Customization
        6.4. Customizing Who Can Change What
        6.5. Integrating Bugzilla with Third-Party Tools

   A. Troubleshooting

        A.1. General Advice
        A.2. The Apache web server is not serving Bugzilla pages
        A.3. I installed a Perl module, but checksetup.pl claims it's not
                installed!

        A.4. DBD::Sponge::db prepare failed
        A.5. cannot chdir(/var/spool/mqueue)
        A.6. Everybody is constantly being forced to relogin
        A.7. index.cgi doesn't show up unless specified in the URL
        A.8. checksetup.pl reports "Client does not support authentication
                protocol requested by server..."

   B. Contrib

        B.1. Command-line Search Interface
        B.2. Command-line 'Send Unsent Bug-mail' tool

   C. Manual Installation of Perl Modules

        C.1. Instructions
        C.2. Download Locations
        C.3. Optional Modules

   D. GNU Free Documentation License

        0. Preamble
        1. Applicability and Definition
        2. Verbatim Copying
        3. Copying in Quantity
        4. Modifications
        5. Combining Documents
        6. Collections of Documents
        7. Aggregation with Independent Works
        8. Translation
        9. Termination
        10. Future Revisions of this License
        How to use this License for your documents

   Glossary

   List of Figures
   5-1. Lifecycle of a Bugzilla Bug

   List of Examples
   A-1. Examples of urlbase/cookiepath pairs for sharing login cookies
   A-2. Examples of urlbase/cookiepath pairs to restrict the login cookie
     _________________________________________________________________

Chapter 1. About This Guide

1.1. Copyright Information

   This document is copyright (c) 2000-2011 by the various Bugzilla
   contributors who wrote it.

     Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
     under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or any
     later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
     Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of
     the license is included in Appendix D.

   If you have any questions regarding this document, its copyright, or
   publishing this document in non-electronic form, please contact the Bugzilla
   Team.
     _________________________________________________________________

1.2. Disclaimer

   No liability for the contents of this document can be accepted. Follow the
   instructions herein at your own risk. This document may contain errors and
   inaccuracies that may damage your system, cause your partner to leave you,
   your boss to fire you, your cats to pee on your furniture and clothing, and
   global thermonuclear war. Proceed with caution.

   Naming of particular products or brands should not be seen as endorsements,
   with the exception of the term "GNU/Linux". We wholeheartedly endorse the
   use of GNU/Linux; it is an extremely versatile, stable, and robust operating
   system that offers an ideal operating environment for Bugzilla.

   Although the Bugzilla development team has taken great care to ensure that
   all exploitable bugs have been fixed, security holes surely exist in any
   piece of code. Great care should be taken both in the installation and usage
   of this software. The Bugzilla development team members assume no liability
   for your use of Bugzilla. You have the source code, and are responsible for
   auditing it yourself to ensure your security needs are met.
     _________________________________________________________________

1.3. New Versions

   This is the 3.6.4 version of The Bugzilla Guide. It is so named to match the
   current version of Bugzilla.

   The latest version of this guide can always be found at
   http://www.bugzilla.org/docs/. However, you should read the version which
   came with the Bugzilla release you are using.

   In addition, there are Bugzilla template localization projects in several
   languages. They may have translated documentation available. If you would
   like to volunteer to translate the Guide into additional languages, please
   visit the Bugzilla L10n team page.
     _________________________________________________________________

1.4. Credits

   The people listed below have made enormous contributions to the creation of
   this Guide, through their writing, dedicated hacking efforts, numerous
   e-mail and IRC support sessions, and overall excellent contribution to the
   Bugzilla community:

   Matthew P. Barnson <mbarnson@sisna.com>
          for the Herculean task of pulling together the Bugzilla Guide and
          shepherding it to 2.14.

   Terry Weissman <terry@mozilla.org>
          for initially writing Bugzilla and creating the README upon which the
          UNIX installation documentation is largely based.

   Tara Hernandez <tara@tequilarists.org>
          for keeping Bugzilla development going strong after Terry left
          mozilla.org and for running landfill.

   Dave Lawrence <dkl@redhat.com>
          for providing insight into the key differences between Red Hat's
          customized Bugzilla.

   Dawn Endico <endico@mozilla.org>
          for being a hacker extraordinaire and putting up with Matthew's
          incessant questions and arguments on irc.mozilla.org in #mozwebtools

   Jacob Steenhagen <jake@bugzilla.org>
          for taking over documentation during the 2.17 development period.

   Dave Miller <justdave@bugzilla.org>
          for taking over as project lead when Tara stepped down and
          continually pushing for the documentation to be the best it can be.

   Thanks also go to the following people for significant contributions to this
   documentation: Kevin Brannen, Vlad Dascalu, Ben FrantzDale, Eric Hanson,
   Zach Lipton, Gervase Markham, Andrew Pearson, Joe Robins, Spencer Smith, Ron
   Teitelbaum, Shane Travis, Martin Wulffeld.

   Also, thanks are due to the members of the mozilla.support.bugzilla
   newsgroup (and its predecessor, netscape.public.mozilla.webtools). Without
   your discussions, insight, suggestions, and patches, this could never have
   happened.
     _________________________________________________________________

1.5. Document Conventions

   This document uses the following conventions:

   Descriptions Appearance
   Caution

   Caution

   Don't run with scissors!
   Hint or Tip

   Tip

   For best results...
   Note

   Note

   Dear John...
   Warning

   Warning

   Read this or the cat gets it.
   File or directory name filename
   Command to be typed command
   Application name application
   Normal user's prompt under bash shell bash$
   Root user's prompt under bash shell bash#
   Normal user's prompt under tcsh shell tcsh$
   Environment variables VARIABLE
   Term found in the glossary Bugzilla
   Code example
<para>
Beginning and end of paragraph
</para>

   This documentation is maintained in DocBook 4.1.2 XML format. Changes are
   best submitted as plain text or XML diffs, attached to a bug filed in the
   Bugzilla Documentation component.
     _________________________________________________________________

Chapter 2. Installing Bugzilla

2.1. Installation

   Note

   If you just want to use Bugzilla, you do not need to install it. None of
   this chapter is relevant to you. Ask your Bugzilla administrator for the URL
   to access it from your web browser.

   The Bugzilla server software is usually installed on Linux or Solaris. If
   you are installing on another OS, check Section 2.5 before you start your
   installation to see if there are any special instructions.

   This guide assumes that you have administrative access to the Bugzilla
   machine. It not possible to install and run Bugzilla itself without
   administrative access except in the very unlikely event that every single
   prerequisite is already installed.

   Warning

   The installation process may make your machine insecure for short periods of
   time. Make sure there is a firewall between you and the Internet.

   You are strongly recommended to make a backup of your system before
   installing Bugzilla (and at regular intervals thereafter :-).

   In outline, the installation proceeds as follows:
    1. Install Perl (5.8.1 or above)
    2. Install a Database Engine
    3. Install a Webserver
    4. Install Bugzilla
    5. Install Perl modules
    6. Install a Mail Transfer Agent (Sendmail 8.7 or above, or an MTA that is
       Sendmail-compatible with at least this version)
    7. Configure all of the above.
     _________________________________________________________________

2.1.1. Perl

   Installed Version Test:
   perl -v

   Any machine that doesn't have Perl on it is a sad machine indeed. If you
   don't have it and your OS doesn't provide official packages, visit
   http://www.perl.org. Although Bugzilla runs with Perl 5.8.1, it's a good
   idea to be using the latest stable version.
     _________________________________________________________________

2.1.2. Database Engine

   Bugzilla supports MySQL, PostgreSQL and Oracle as database servers. You only
   require one of these systems to make use of Bugzilla.
     _________________________________________________________________

2.1.2.1. MySQL

   Installed Version Test:
   mysql -V

   If you don't have it and your OS doesn't provide official packages, visit
   http://www.mysql.com. You need MySQL version 4.1.2 or higher.

   Note

   Many of the binary versions of MySQL store their data files in /var. On some
   Unix systems, this is part of a smaller root partition, and may not have
   room for your bug database. To change the data directory, you have to build
   MySQL from source yourself, and set it as an option to configure.

   If you install from something other than a packaging/installation system,
   such as .rpm (Redhat Package), .deb (Debian Package), .exe (Windows
   Executable), or .msi (Microsoft Installer), make sure the MySQL server is
   started when the machine boots.
     _________________________________________________________________

2.1.2.2. PostgreSQL

   Installed Version Test:
   psql -V

   If you don't have it and your OS doesn't provide official packages, visit
   http://www.postgresql.org/. You need PostgreSQL version 8.00.0000 or higher.

   If you install from something other than a packaging/installation system,
   such as .rpm (Redhat Package), .deb (Debian Package), .exe (Windows
   Executable), or .msi (Microsoft Installer), make sure the PostgreSQL server
   is started when the machine boots.
     _________________________________________________________________

2.1.2.3. Oracle

   Installed Version Test:
   select * from v$version

   (you first have to log in into your DB)

   If you don't have it and your OS doesn't provide official packages, visit
   http://www.oracle.com/. You need Oracle version 10.02.0 or higher.

   If you install from something other than a packaging/installation system,
   such as .rpm (Redhat Package), .deb (Debian Package), .exe (Windows
   Executable), or .msi (Microsoft Installer), make sure the Oracle server is
   started when the machine boots.
     _________________________________________________________________

2.1.3. Web Server

   Installed Version Test: view the default welcome page at
   http://<your-machine>/

   You have freedom of choice here, pretty much any web server that is capable
   of running CGI scripts will work. However, we strongly recommend using the
   Apache web server (either 1.3.x or 2.x), and the installation instructions
   usually assume you are using it. If you have got Bugzilla working using
   another web server, please share your experiences with us by filing a bug in
   Bugzilla Documentation.

   If you don't have Apache and your OS doesn't provide official packages,
   visit http://httpd.apache.org/.
     _________________________________________________________________

2.1.4. Bugzilla

   Download a Bugzilla tarball (or check it out from CVS) and place it in a
   suitable directory, accessible by the default web server user (probably
   "apache" or "www"). Good locations are either directly in the web server's
   document directories or in /usr/local with a symbolic link to the web
   server's document directories or an alias in the web server's configuration.

   Caution

   The default Bugzilla distribution is NOT designed to be placed in a cgi-bin
   directory. This includes any directory which is configured using the
   ScriptAlias directive of Apache.

   Once all the files are in a web accessible directory, make that directory
   writable by your web server's user. This is a temporary step until you run
   the checksetup.pl script, which locks down your installation.
     _________________________________________________________________

2.1.5. Perl Modules

   Bugzilla's installation process is based on a script called checksetup.pl.
   The first thing it checks is whether you have appropriate versions of all
   the required Perl modules. The aim of this section is to pass this check.
   When it passes, proceed to Section 2.2.

   At this point, you need to su to root. You should remain as root until the
   end of the install. To check you have the required modules, run:
   bash# ./checksetup.pl --check-modules

   checksetup.pl will print out a list of the required and optional Perl
   modules, together with the versions (if any) installed on your machine. The
   list of required modules is reasonably long; however, you may already have
   several of them installed.

   The preferred way to install missing Perl modules is to use the package
   manager provided by your operating system (e.g "rpm" or "yum" on Linux
   distros, or "ppm" on Windows if using ActivePerl, see Section 2.5.1.2). If
   some Perl modules are still missing or are too old, then we recommend using
   the install-module.pl script (doesn't work with ActivePerl on Windows). If
   for some reason you really need to install the Perl modules manually, see
   Appendix C. For instance, on Unix, you invoke install-module.pl as follows:
   bash# perl install-module.pl <modulename>

   Tip

   Many people complain that Perl modules will not install for them. Most
   times, the error messages complain that they are missing a file in "@INC".
   Virtually every time, this error is due to permissions being set too
   restrictively for you to compile Perl modules or not having the necessary
   Perl development libraries installed on your system. Consult your local UNIX
   systems administrator for help solving these permissions issues; if you are
   the local UNIX sysadmin, please consult the newsgroup/mailing list for
   further assistance or hire someone to help you out.

   Note

   If you are using a package-based system, and attempting to install the Perl
   modules from CPAN, you may need to install the "development" packages for
   MySQL and GD before attempting to install the related Perl modules. The
   names of these packages will vary depending on the specific distribution you
   are using, but are often called <packagename>-devel.

   Here is a complete list of modules and their minimum versions. Some modules
   have special installation notes, which follow.

   Required Perl modules:

    1. CGI (3.51)
    2. Date::Format (2.21)
    3. DateTime (0.28)
    4. DateTime::TimeZone (0.71)
    5. DBI (1.41)
    6. DBD::mysql (4.00) if using MySQL
    7. DBD::Pg (1.45) if using PostgreSQL
    8. DBD::Oracle (1.19) if using Oracle
    9. Digest::SHA (any)
   10. Email::Send (2.00)
   11. Email::MIME (1.861)
   12. Email::MIME::Encodings (1.313)
   13. Email::MIME::Modifier (1.442)
   14. Template (2.22)
   15. URI (any)

   Optional Perl modules:

    1. GD (1.20) for bug charting
    2. Template::Plugin::GD::Image (any) for Graphical Reports
    3. Chart::Lines (2.1) for bug charting
    4. GD::Graph (any) for bug charting
    5. GD::Text (any) for bug charting
    6. XML::Twig (any) for bug import/export
    7. MIME::Parser (5.406) for bug import/export
    8. LWP::UserAgent (any) for Automatic Update Notifications
    9. PatchReader (0.9.4) for pretty HTML view of patches
   10. Net::LDAP (any) for LDAP Authentication
   11. Authen::SASL (any) for SASL Authentication
   12. Authen::Radius (any) for RADIUS Authentication
   13. SOAP::Lite (0.710.06) for the web service interface
   14. JSON::RPC (any) for the JSON-RPC interface
   15. Test::Taint (any) for the web service interface
   16. HTML::Parser (3.40) for More HTML in Product/Group Descriptions
   17. HTML::Scrubber (any) for More HTML in Product/Group Descriptions
   18. Email::MIME::Attachment::Stripper (any) for Inbound Email
   19. Email::Reply (any) for Inbound Email
   20. TheSchwartz (any) for Mail Queueing
   21. Daemon::Generic (any) for Mail Queueing
   22. mod_perl2 (1.999022) for mod_perl
     _________________________________________________________________

2.1.6. Mail Transfer Agent (MTA)

   Bugzilla is dependent on the availability of an e-mail system for its user
   authentication and for other tasks.

   Note

   This is not entirely true. It is possible to completely disable email
   sending, or to have Bugzilla store email messages in a file instead of
   sending them. However, this is mainly intended for testing, as disabling or
   diverting email on a production machine would mean that users could miss
   important events (such as bug changes or the creation of new accounts).

   For more information, see the "mail_delivery_method" parameter in Section
   3.1.

   On Linux, any Sendmail-compatible MTA (Mail Transfer Agent) will suffice.
   Sendmail, Postfix, qmail and Exim are examples of common MTAs. Sendmail is
   the original Unix MTA, but the others are easier to configure, and therefore
   many people replace Sendmail with Postfix or Exim. They are drop-in
   replacements, so Bugzilla will not distinguish between them.

   If you are using Sendmail, version 8.7 or higher is required. If you are
   using a Sendmail-compatible MTA, it must be congruent with at least version
   8.7 of Sendmail.

   Consult the manual for the specific MTA you choose for detailed installation
   instructions. Each of these programs will have their own configuration files
   where you must configure certain parameters to ensure that the mail is
   delivered properly. They are implemented as services, and you should ensure
   that the MTA is in the auto-start list of services for the machine.

   If a simple mail sent with the command-line 'mail' program succeeds, then
   Bugzilla should also be fine.
     _________________________________________________________________

2.1.7. Installing Bugzilla on mod_perl

   It is now possible to run the Bugzilla software under mod_perl on Apache.
   mod_perl has some additional requirements to that of running Bugzilla under
   mod_cgi (the standard and previous way).

   Bugzilla requires mod_perl to be installed, which can be obtained from
   http://perl.apache.org - Bugzilla requires version 1.999022 (AKA 2.0.0-RC5)
   to be installed.
     _________________________________________________________________

2.2. Configuration

   Warning

   Poorly-configured MySQL and Bugzilla installations have given attackers full
   access to systems in the past. Please take the security parts of these
   guidelines seriously, even for Bugzilla machines hidden away behind your
   firewall. Be certain to read Chapter 4 for some important security tips.
     _________________________________________________________________

2.2.1. localconfig

   You should now run checksetup.pl again, this time without the
   --check-modules switch.
   bash# ./checksetup.pl

   This time, checksetup.pl should tell you that all the correct modules are
   installed and will display a message about, and write out a file called,
   localconfig. This file contains the default settings for a number of
   Bugzilla parameters.

   Load this file in your editor. The only two values you need to change are
   $db_driver and $db_pass, respectively the type of the database and the
   password for the user you will create for your database. Pick a strong
   password (for simplicity, it should not contain single quote characters) and
   put it here. $db_driver can be either 'mysql', 'Pg' or 'oracle'.

   Note

   In Oracle, $db_name should actually be the SID name of your database (e.g.
   "XE" if you are using Oracle XE).

   You may need to change the value of webservergroup if your web server does
   not run in the "apache" group. On Debian, for example, Apache runs in the
   "www-data" group. If you are going to run Bugzilla on a machine where you do
   not have root access (such as on a shared web hosting account), you will
   need to leave webservergroup empty, ignoring the warnings that checksetup.pl
   will subsequently display every time it is run.

   Caution

   If you are using suexec, you should use your own primary group for
   webservergroup rather than leaving it empty, and see the additional
   directions in the suexec section Section 2.6.6.1.

   The other options in the localconfig file are documented by their
   accompanying comments. If you have a slightly non-standard database setup,
   you may wish to change one or more of the other "$db_*" parameters.
     _________________________________________________________________

2.2.2. Database Server

   This section deals with configuring your database server for use with
   Bugzilla. Currently, MySQL (Section 2.2.2.2), PostgreSQL (Section 2.2.2.3)
   and Oracle (Section 2.2.2.4) are available.
     _________________________________________________________________

2.2.2.1. Bugzilla Database Schema

   The Bugzilla database schema is available at Ravenbrook. This very valuable
   tool can generate a written description of the Bugzilla database schema for
   any version of Bugzilla. It can also generate a diff between two versions to
   help someone see what has changed.
     _________________________________________________________________

2.2.2.2. MySQL

   Caution

   MySQL's default configuration is insecure. We highly recommend to run
   mysql_secure_installation on Linux or the MySQL installer on Windows, and
   follow the instructions. Important points to note are:

    1. Be sure that the root account has a secure password set.
    2. Do not create an anonymous account, and if it exists, say "yes" to
       remove it.
    3. If your web server and MySQL server are on the same machine, you should
       disable the network access.
     _________________________________________________________________

2.2.2.2.1. Allow large attachments and many comments

   By default, MySQL will only allow you to insert things into the database
   that are smaller than 1MB. Attachments may be larger than this. Also,
   Bugzilla combines all comments on a single bug into one field for full-text
   searching, and the combination of all comments on a single bug could in some
   cases be larger than 1MB.

   To change MySQL's default, you need to edit your MySQL configuration file,
   which is usually /etc/my.cnf on Linux. We recommend that you allow at least
   4MB packets by adding the "max_allowed_packet" parameter to your MySQL
   configuration in the "[mysqld]" section, like this:
[mysqld]
# Allow packets up to 4MB
max_allowed_packet=4M
     _________________________________________________________________

2.2.2.2.2. Allow small words in full-text indexes

   By default, words must be at least four characters in length in order to be
   indexed by MySQL's full-text indexes. This causes a lot of Bugzilla specific
   words to be missed, including "cc", "ftp" and "uri".

   MySQL can be configured to index those words by setting the ft_min_word_len
   param to the minimum size of the words to index. This can be done by
   modifying the /etc/my.cnf according to the example below:
  [mysqld]
  # Allow small words in full-text indexes
  ft_min_word_len=2

   Rebuilding the indexes can be done based on documentation found at
   http://www.mysql.com/doc/en/Fulltext_Fine-tuning.html.
     _________________________________________________________________

2.2.2.2.3. Add a user to MySQL

   You need to add a new MySQL user for Bugzilla to use. (It's not safe to have
   Bugzilla use the MySQL root account.) The following instructions assume the
   defaults in localconfig; if you changed those, you need to modify the SQL
   command appropriately. You will need the $db_pass password you set in
   localconfig in Section 2.2.1.

   We use an SQL GRANT command to create a "bugs" user. This also restricts the
   "bugs"user to operations within a database called "bugs", and only allows
   the account to connect from "localhost". Modify it to reflect your setup if
   you will be connecting from another machine or as a different user.

   Run the mysql command-line client and enter:
    mysql> GRANT SELECT, INSERT,
           UPDATE, DELETE, INDEX, ALTER, CREATE, LOCK TABLES,
           CREATE TEMPORARY TABLES, DROP, REFERENCES ON bugs.*
           TO bugs@localhost IDENTIFIED BY '$db_pass';
    mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
     _________________________________________________________________

2.2.2.2.4. Permit attachments table to grow beyond 4GB

   By default, MySQL will limit the size of a table to 4GB. This limit is
   present even if the underlying filesystem has no such limit. To set a higher
   limit, follow these instructions.

   After you have completed the rest of the installation (or at least the
   database setup parts), you should run the MySQL command-line client and
   enter the following, replacing $bugs_db with your Bugzilla database name
   (bugs by default):
    mysql> use $bugs_db
    mysql> ALTER TABLE attachments
           AVG_ROW_LENGTH=1000000, MAX_ROWS=20000;

   The above command will change the limit to 20GB. Mysql will have to make a
   temporary copy of your entire table to do this. Ideally, you should do this
   when your attachments table is still small.

   Note

   This does not affect Big Files, attachments that are stored directly on disk
   instead of in the database.
     _________________________________________________________________

2.2.2.3. PostgreSQL

2.2.2.3.1. Add a User to PostgreSQL

   You need to add a new user to PostgreSQL for the Bugzilla application to use
   when accessing the database. The following instructions assume the defaults
   in localconfig; if you changed those, you need to modify the commands
   appropriately. You will need the $db_pass password you set in localconfig in
   Section 2.2.1.

   On most systems, to create the user in PostgreSQL, you will need to login as
   the root user, and then
    bash# su - postgres

   As the postgres user, you then need to create a new user:
    bash$ createuser -U postgres -dRSP bugs

   When asked for a password, provide the password which will be set as
   $db_pass in localconfig. The created user will not be a superuser (-S) and
   will not be able to create new users (-R). He will only have the ability to
   create databases (-d).

   Note

   If your are running PostgreSQL 8.0, you must replace -dRSP by -dAP.
     _________________________________________________________________

2.2.2.3.2. Configure PostgreSQL

   Now, you will need to edit pg_hba.conf which is usually located in
   /var/lib/pgsql/data/. In this file, you will need to add a new line to it as
   follows:

   host all bugs 127.0.0.1 255.255.255.255 md5

   This means that for TCP/IP (host) connections, allow connections from
   '127.0.0.1' to 'all' databases on this server from the 'bugs' user, and use
   password authentication (md5) for that user.

   Now, you will need to restart PostgreSQL, but you will need to fully stop
   and start the server rather than just restarting due to the possibility of a
   change to postgresql.conf. After the server has restarted, you will need to
   edit localconfig, finding the $db_driver variable and setting it to Pg and
   changing the password in $db_pass to the one you picked previously, while
   setting up the account.
     _________________________________________________________________

2.2.2.4. Oracle

2.2.2.4.1. Create a New Tablespace

   You can use the existing tablespace or create a new one for Bugzilla. To
   create a new tablespace, run the following command:
    CREATE TABLESPACE bugs
    DATAFILE '$path_to_datafile' SIZE 500M
    AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 30M MAXSIZE UNLIMITED

   Here, the name of the tablespace is 'bugs', but you can choose another name.
   $path_to_datafile is the path to the file containing your database, for
   instance /u01/oradata/bugzilla.dbf. The initial size of the database file is
   set in this example to 500 Mb, with an increment of 30 Mb everytime we reach
   the size limit of the file.
     _________________________________________________________________

2.2.2.4.2. Add a User to Oracle

   The user name and password must match what you set in localconfig ($db_user
   and $db_pass, respectively). Here, we assume that the user name is 'bugs'
   and the tablespace name is the same as above.
    CREATE USER bugs
    IDENTIFIED BY "$db_pass"
    DEFAULT TABLESPACE bugs
    TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMP
    PROFILE DEFAULT;
    -- GRANT/REVOKE ROLE PRIVILEGES
    GRANT CONNECT TO bugs;
    GRANT RESOURCE TO bugs;
    -- GRANT/REVOKE SYSTEM PRIVILEGES
    GRANT UNLIMITED TABLESPACE TO bugs;
    GRANT EXECUTE ON CTXSYS.CTX_DDL TO bugs;
     _________________________________________________________________

2.2.2.4.3. Configure the Web Server

   If you use Apache, append these lines to httpd.conf to set ORACLE_HOME and
   LD_LIBRARY_PATH. For instance:
    SetEnv ORACLE_HOME /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/
    SetEnv LD_LIBRARY_PATH /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/lib/

   When this is done, restart your web server.
     _________________________________________________________________

2.2.3. checksetup.pl

   Next, rerun checksetup.pl. It reconfirms that all the modules are present,
   and notices the altered localconfig file, which it assumes you have edited
   to your satisfaction. It compiles the UI templates, connects to the database
   using the 'bugs' user you created and the password you defined, and creates
   the 'bugs' database and the tables therein.

   After that, it asks for details of an administrator account. Bugzilla can
   have multiple administrators - you can create more later - but it needs one
   to start off with. Enter the email address of an administrator, his or her
   full name, and a suitable Bugzilla password.

   checksetup.pl will then finish. You may rerun checksetup.pl at any time if
   you wish.
     _________________________________________________________________

2.2.4. Web server

   Configure your web server according to the instructions in the appropriate
   section. (If it makes a difference in your choice, the Bugzilla Team
   recommends Apache.) To check whether your web server is correctly
   configured, try to access testagent.cgi from your web server. If "OK" is
   displayed, then your configuration is successful. Regardless of which web
   server you are using, however, ensure that sensitive information is not
   remotely available by properly applying the access controls in Section
   4.2.1. You can run testserver.pl to check if your web server serves Bugzilla
   files as expected.
     _________________________________________________________________

2.2.4.1. Bugzilla using Apache

   You have two options for running Bugzilla under Apache - mod_cgi (the
   default) and mod_perl (new in Bugzilla 2.23)
     _________________________________________________________________

2.2.4.1.1. Apache httpd with mod_cgi

   To configure your Apache web server to work with Bugzilla while using
   mod_cgi, do the following:
    1. Load httpd.conf in your editor. In Fedora and Red Hat Linux, this file
       is found in /etc/httpd/conf.
    2. Apache uses <Directory> directives to permit fine-grained permission
       setting. Add the following lines to a directive that applies to the
       location of your Bugzilla installation. (If such a section does not
       exist, you'll want to add one.) In this example, Bugzilla has been
       installed at /usr/local/www/bugzilla.

    <Directory /usr/local/www/bugzilla>
    AddHandler cgi-script .cgi
    Options +Indexes +ExecCGI
    DirectoryIndex index.cgi
    AllowOverride Limit
    </Directory>


       These instructions: allow apache to run .cgi files found within the
       bugzilla directory; instructs the server to look for a file called
       index.cgi if someone only types the directory name into the browser; and
       allows Bugzilla's .htaccess files to override global permissions.

   Note

   It is possible to make these changes globally, or to the directive
   controlling Bugzilla's parent directory (e.g. <Directory /var/www/html/>).
   Such changes would also apply to the Bugzilla directory... but they would
   also apply to many other places where they may or may not be appropriate. In
   most cases, including this one, it is better to be as restrictive as
   possible when granting extra access.

       Note

   On Windows, you may have to also add the ScriptInterpreterSource
   Registry-Strict line, see Windows specific notes.
    3. checksetup.pl can set tighter permissions on Bugzilla's files and
       directories if it knows what group the web server runs as. Find the
       Group line in httpd.conf, place the value found there in the
       $webservergroup variable in localconfig, then rerun checksetup.pl.
    4. Optional: If Bugzilla does not actually reside in the webspace
       directory, but instead has been symbolically linked there, you will need
       to add the following to the Options line of the Bugzilla <Directory>
       directive (the same one as in the step above):

    +FollowSymLinks


       Without this directive, Apache will not follow symbolic links to places
       outside its own directory structure, and you will be unable to run
       Bugzilla.
     _________________________________________________________________

2.2.4.1.2. Apache httpd with mod_perl

   Some configuration is required to make Bugzilla work with Apache and
   mod_perl
    1. Load httpd.conf in your editor. In Fedora and Red Hat Linux, this file
       is found in /etc/httpd/conf.
    2. Add the following information to your httpd.conf file, substituting
       where appropriate with your own local paths.

   Note

   This should be used instead of the <Directory> block shown above. This
   should also be above any other mod_perl directives within the httpd.conf and
   must be specified in the order as below.

       Warning

   You should also ensure that you have disabled KeepAlive support in your
   Apache install when utilizing Bugzilla under mod_perl

    PerlSwitches -I/usr/local/www/bugzilla -I/var/www/html/bugzilla/lib -w -T
    PerlConfigRequire /usr/local/www/bugzilla/mod_perl.pl


    3. checksetup.pl can set tighter permissions on Bugzilla's files and
       directories if it knows what group the web server runs as. Find the
       Group line in httpd.conf, place the value found there in the
       $webservergroup variable in localconfig, then rerun checksetup.pl.

   On restarting Apache, Bugzilla should now be running within the mod_perl
   environment. Please ensure you have run checksetup.pl to set permissions
   before you restart Apache.

   Note

   Please bear the following points in mind when looking at using Bugzilla
   under mod_perl:

     * mod_perl support in Bugzilla can take up a HUGE amount of RAM. You could
       be looking at 30MB per httpd child, easily. Basically, you just need a
       lot of RAM. The more RAM you can get, the better. mod_perl is basically
       trading RAM for speed. At least 2GB total system RAM is recommended for
       running Bugzilla under mod_perl.
     * Under mod_perl, you have to restart Apache if you make any manual change
       to any Bugzilla file. You can't just reload--you have to actually
       restart the server (as in make sure it stops and starts again). You can
       change localconfig and the params file manually, if you want, because
       those are re-read every time you load a page.
     * You must run in Apache's Prefork MPM (this is the default). The Worker
       MPM may not work--we haven't tested Bugzilla's mod_perl support under
       threads. (And, in fact, we're fairly sure it won't work.)
     * Bugzilla generally expects to be the only mod_perl application running
       on your entire server. It may or may not work if there are other
       applications also running under mod_perl. It does try its best to play
       nice with other mod_perl applications, but it still may have conflicts.
     * It is recommended that you have one Bugzilla instance running under
       mod_perl on your server. Bugzilla has not been tested with more than one
       instance running.
     _________________________________________________________________

2.2.4.2. Microsoft Internet Information Services

   If you are running Bugzilla on Windows and choose to use Microsoft's
   Internet Information Services or Personal Web Server you will need to
   perform a number of other configuration steps as explained below. You may
   also want to refer to the following Microsoft Knowledge Base articles:
   245225 "HOW TO: Configure and Test a PERL Script with IIS 4.0, 5.0, and 5.1"
   (for Internet Information Services) and 231998 "HOW TO: FP2000: How to Use
   Perl with Microsoft Personal Web Server on Windows 95/98" (for Personal Web
   Server).

   You will need to create a virtual directory for the Bugzilla install. Put
   the Bugzilla files in a directory that is named something other than what
   you want your end-users accessing. That is, if you want your users to access
   your Bugzilla installation through "http://<yourdomainname>/Bugzilla", then
   do not put your Bugzilla files in a directory named "Bugzilla". Instead,
   place them in a different location, and then use the IIS Administration tool
   to create a Virtual Directory named "Bugzilla" that acts as an alias for the
   actual location of the files. When creating that virtual directory, make
   sure you add the "Execute (such as ISAPI applications or CGI)" access
   permission.

   You will also need to tell IIS how to handle Bugzilla's .cgi files. Using
   the IIS Administration tool again, open up the properties for the new
   virtual directory and select the Configuration option to access the Script
   Mappings. Create an entry mapping .cgi to:
<full path to perl.exe >\perl.exe -x<full path to Bugzilla> -wT "%s" %s

   For example:
c:\perl\bin\perl.exe -xc:\bugzilla -wT "%s" %s

   Note

   The ActiveState install may have already created an entry for .pl files that
   is limited to "GET,HEAD,POST". If so, this mapping should be removed as
   Bugzilla's .pl files are not designed to be run via a web server.

   IIS will also need to know that the index.cgi should be treated as a default
   document. On the Documents tab page of the virtual directory properties, you
   need to add index.cgi as a default document type. If you wish, you may
   remove the other default document types for this particular virtual
   directory, since Bugzilla doesn't use any of them.

   Also, and this can't be stressed enough, make sure that files such as
   localconfig and your data directory are secured as described in Section
   4.2.1.
     _________________________________________________________________

2.2.5. Bugzilla

   Your Bugzilla should now be working. Access http://<your-bugzilla-server>/ -
   you should see the Bugzilla front page. If not, consult the Troubleshooting
   section, Appendix A.

   Note

   The URL above may be incorrect if you installed Bugzilla into a subdirectory
   or used a symbolic link from your web site root to the Bugzilla directory.

   Log in with the administrator account you defined in the last checksetup.pl
   run. You should go through the Parameters page and see if there are any you
   wish to change. They key parameters are documented in Section 3.1; you
   should certainly alter maintainer and urlbase; you may also want to alter
   cookiepath or requirelogin.

   Bugzilla has several optional features which require extra configuration.
   You can read about those in Section 2.3.
     _________________________________________________________________

2.3. Optional Additional Configuration

   Bugzilla has a number of optional features. This section describes how to
   configure or enable them.
     _________________________________________________________________

2.3.1. Bug Graphs

   If you have installed the necessary Perl modules you can start collecting
   statistics for the nifty Bugzilla graphs.
   bash# crontab -e

   This should bring up the crontab file in your editor. Add a cron entry like
   this to run collectstats.pl daily at 5 after midnight:
   5 0 * * * cd <your-bugzilla-directory> ; ./collectstats.pl

   After two days have passed you'll be able to view bug graphs from the
   Reports page.

   Note

   Windows does not have 'cron', but it does have the Task Scheduler, which
   performs the same duties. There are also third-party tools that can be used
   to implement cron, such as nncron.
     _________________________________________________________________

2.3.2. The Whining Cron

   What good are bugs if they're not annoying? To help make them more so you
   can set up Bugzilla's automatic whining system to complain at engineers
   which leave their bugs in the NEW or REOPENED state without triaging them.

   This can be done by adding the following command as a daily crontab entry,
   in the same manner as explained above for bug graphs. This example runs it
   at 12.55am.
   55 0 * * * cd <your-bugzilla-directory> ; ./whineatnews.pl

   Note

   Windows does not have 'cron', but it does have the Task Scheduler, which
   performs the same duties. There are also third-party tools that can be used
   to implement cron, such as nncron.
     _________________________________________________________________

2.3.3. Whining

   As of Bugzilla 2.20, users can configure Bugzilla to regularly annoy them at
   regular intervals, by having Bugzilla execute saved searches at certain
   times and emailing the results to the user. This is known as "Whining". The
   process of configuring Whining is described in Section 5.13, but for it to
   work a Perl script must be executed at regular intervals.

   This can be done by adding the following command as a daily crontab entry,
   in the same manner as explained above for bug graphs. This example runs it
   every 15 minutes.
   */15 * * * * cd <your-bugzilla-directory> ; ./whine.pl

   Note

   Whines can be executed as often as every 15 minutes, so if you specify
   longer intervals between executions of whine.pl, some users may not be
   whined at as often as they would expect. Depending on the person, this can
   either be a very Good Thing or a very Bad Thing.

   Note

   Windows does not have 'cron', but it does have the Task Scheduler, which
   performs the same duties. There are also third-party tools that can be used
   to implement cron, such as nncron.
     _________________________________________________________________

2.3.4. Serving Alternate Formats with the right MIME type

   Some Bugzilla pages have alternate formats, other than just plain HTML. In
   particular, a few Bugzilla pages can output their contents as either XUL (a
   special Mozilla format, that looks like a program GUI) or RDF (a type of
   structured XML that can be read by various programs).

   In order for your users to see these pages correctly, Apache must send them
   with the right MIME type. To do this, add the following lines to your Apache
   configuration, either in the <VirtualHost> section for your Bugzilla, or in
   the <Directory> section for your Bugzilla:

AddType application/vnd.mozilla.xul+xml .xul
AddType application/rdf+xml .rdf
     _________________________________________________________________

2.4. Multiple Bugzilla databases with a single installation

   The previous instructions referred to a standard installation, with one
   unique Bugzilla database. However, you may want to host several distinct
   installations, without having several copies of the code. This is possible
   by using the PROJECT environment variable. When accessed, Bugzilla checks
   for the existence of this variable, and if present, uses its value to check
   for an alternative configuration file named localconfig.<PROJECT> in the
   same location as the default one (localconfig). It also checks for
   customized templates in a directory named <PROJECT> in the same location as
   the default one (template/<langcode>). By default this is
   template/en/default so PROJECT's templates would be located at
   template/en/PROJECT.

   To set up an alternate installation, just export PROJECT=foo before running
   checksetup.pl for the first time. It will result in a file called
   localconfig.foo instead of localconfig. Edit this file as described above,
   with reference to a new database, and re-run checksetup.pl to populate it.
   That's all.

   Now you have to configure the web server to pass this environment variable
   when accessed via an alternate URL, such as virtual host for instance. The
   following is an example of how you could do it in Apache, other Webservers
   may differ.
<VirtualHost 212.85.153.228:80>
    ServerName foo.bar.baz
    SetEnv PROJECT foo
    Alias /bugzilla /var/www/bugzilla
</VirtualHost>

   Don't forget to also export this variable before accessing Bugzilla by other
   means, such as cron tasks for instance.
     _________________________________________________________________

2.5. OS-Specific Installation Notes

   Many aspects of the Bugzilla installation can be affected by the operating
   system you choose to install it on. Sometimes it can be made easier and
   others more difficult. This section will attempt to help you understand both
   the difficulties of running on specific operating systems and the utilities
   available to make it easier.

   If you have anything to add or notes for an operating system not covered,
   please file a bug in Bugzilla Documentation.
     _________________________________________________________________

2.5.1. Microsoft Windows

   Making Bugzilla work on Windows is more difficult than making it work on
   Unix. For that reason, we still recommend doing so on a Unix based system
   such as GNU/Linux. That said, if you do want to get Bugzilla running on
   Windows, you will need to make the following adjustments. A detailed
   step-by-step installation guide for Windows is also available if you need
   more help with your installation.
     _________________________________________________________________

2.5.1.1. Win32 Perl

   Perl for Windows can be obtained from ActiveState. You should be able to
   find a compiled binary at
   http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Downloads/ActivePerl/. The following
   instructions assume that you are using version 5.8.1 of ActiveState.

   Note

   These instructions are for 32-bit versions of Windows. If you are using a
   64-bit version of Windows, you will need to install 32-bit Perl in order to
   install the 32-bit modules as described below.
     _________________________________________________________________

2.5.1.2. Perl Modules on Win32

   Bugzilla on Windows requires the same perl modules found in Section 2.1.5.
   The main difference is that windows uses PPM instead of CPAN. ActiveState
   provides a GUI to manage Perl modules. We highly recommend that you use it.
   If you prefer to use ppm from the command-line, type:
C:\perl> ppm install <module name>

   The best source for the Windows PPM modules needed for Bugzilla is probably
   the theory58S website, which you can add to your list of repositories as
   follows (for Perl 5.8.x):
ppm repo add theory58S http://theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca/ppms/

   If you are using Perl 5.10.x, you cannot use the same PPM modules as Perl
   5.8.x as they are incompatible. In this case, you should add the following
   repository:
ppm repo add theory58S http://cpan.uwinnipeg.ca/PPMPackages/10xx/

   Note

   In versions prior to 5.8.8 build 819 of PPM the command is
ppm repository add theory58S http://theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca/ppms/

   Note

   The PPM repository stores modules in 'packages' that may have a slightly
   different name than the module. If retrieving these modules from there, you
   will need to pay attention to the information provided when you run
   checksetup.pl as it will tell you what package you'll need to install.

   Tip

   If you are behind a corporate firewall, you will need to let the ActiveState
   PPM utility know how to get through it to access the repositories by setting
   the HTTP_proxy system environmental variable. For more information on
   setting that variable, see the ActiveState documentation.
     _________________________________________________________________

2.5.1.3. Serving the web pages

   As is the case on Unix based systems, any web server should be able to
   handle Bugzilla; however, the Bugzilla Team still recommends Apache whenever
   asked. No matter what web server you choose, be sure to pay attention to the
   security notes in Section 4.2.1. More information on configuring specific
   web servers can be found in Section 2.2.4.

   Note

   The web server looks at /usr/local/bin/perl to call Perl. If you are using Apache
   on windows, you can set the ScriptInterpreterSource directive in your Apache
   config file to make it look at the right place: insert the line
   ScriptInterpreterSource Registry-Strict

   into your httpd.conf file, and create the key
   HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\.cgi\Shell\ExecCGI\Command

   with C:\Perl\bin\perl.exe -T as value (adapt to your path if needed) in the
   registry. When this is done, restart Apache.
     _________________________________________________________________

2.5.1.4. Sending Email

   To enable Bugzilla to send email on Windows, the server running the Bugzilla
   code must be able to connect to, or act as, an SMTP server.
     _________________________________________________________________

2.5.2. Mac OS X

   Making Bugzilla work on Mac OS X requires the following adjustments.
     _________________________________________________________________

2.5.2.1. Sendmail

   In Mac OS X 10.3 and later, Postfix is used as the built-in email server.
   Postfix provides an executable that mimics sendmail enough to fool Bugzilla,
   as long as Bugzilla can find it.

   As of version 2.20, Bugzilla will be able to find the fake sendmail
   executable without any assistance. However, you will have to turn on the
   sendmailnow parameter before you do anything that would result in email
   being sent. For more information, see the description of the sendmailnow
   parameter in Section 3.1.
     _________________________________________________________________

2.5.2.2. Libraries & Perl Modules on Mac OS X

   Apple does not include the GD library with Mac OS X. Bugzilla needs this for
   bug graphs.

   You can use DarwinPorts (http://darwinports.com/) or Fink
   (http://sourceforge.net/projects/fink/), both of which are similar in nature
   to the CPAN installer, but install common unix programs.

   Follow the instructions for setting up DarwinPorts or Fink. Once you have
   one installed, you'll want to use it to install the gd2 package.

   Fink will prompt you for a number of dependencies, type 'y' and hit enter to
   install all of the dependencies and then watch it work. You will then be
   able to use CPAN to install the GD Perl module.

   Note

   To prevent creating conflicts with the software that Apple installs by
   default, Fink creates its own directory tree at /sw where it installs most
   of the software that it installs. This means your libraries and headers will
   be at /sw/lib and /sw/include instead of /usr/lib and /usr/include. When the
   Perl module config script asks where your libgd is, be sure to tell it
   /sw/lib.

   Also available via DarwinPorts and Fink is expat. After installing the expat
   package, you will be able to install XML::Parser using CPAN. If you use
   fink, there is one caveat. Unlike recent versions of the GD module,
   XML::Parser doesn't prompt for the location of the required libraries. When
   using CPAN, you will need to use the following command sequence:
# perl -MCPAN -e'look XML::Parser'         (1)
# perl Makefile.PL EXPATLIBPATH=/sw/lib EXPATINCPATH=/sw/include
# make; make test; make install            (2)
# exit                                     (3)

   (1) (3) 
          The look command will download the module and spawn a new shell with
          the extracted files as the current working directory. The exit
          command will return you to your original shell.
   (2) 
          You should watch the output from these make commands, especially
          "make test" as errors may prevent XML::Parser from functioning
          correctly with Bugzilla.
     _________________________________________________________________

2.5.3. Linux Distributions

   Many Linux distributions include Bugzilla and its dependencies in their
   native package management systems. Installing Bugzilla with root access on
   any Linux system should be as simple as finding the Bugzilla package in the
   package management application and installing it using the normal command
   syntax. Several distributions also perform the proper web server
   configuration automatically on installation.

   Please consult the documentation of your Linux distribution for instructions
   on how to install packages, or for specific instructions on installing
   Bugzilla with native package management tools. There is also a Bugzilla Wiki
   Page for distro-specific installation notes.
     _________________________________________________________________

2.6. UNIX (non-root) Installation Notes

2.6.1. Introduction

   If you are running a *NIX OS as non-root, either due to lack of access (web
   hosts, for example) or for security reasons, this will detail how to install
   Bugzilla on such a setup. It is recommended that you read through the
   Section 2.1 first to get an idea on the installation steps required. (These
   notes will reference to steps in that guide.)
     _________________________________________________________________

2.6.2. MySQL

   You may have MySQL installed as root. If you're setting up an account with a
   web host, a MySQL account needs to be set up for you. From there, you can
   create the bugs account, or use the account given to you.

   Warning

   You may have problems trying to set up GRANT permissions to the database. If
   you're using a web host, chances are that you have a separate database which
   is already locked down (or one big database with limited/no access to the
   other areas), but you may want to ask your system administrator what the
   security settings are set to, and/or run the GRANT command for you.

   Also, you will probably not be able to change the MySQL root user password
   (for obvious reasons), so skip that step.
     _________________________________________________________________

2.6.2.1. Running MySQL as Non-Root

2.6.2.1.1. The Custom Configuration Method

   Create a file .my.cnf in your home directory (using /home/foo in this
   example) as follows....
[mysqld]
datadir=/home/foo/mymysql
socket=/home/foo/mymysql/thesock
port=8081

[mysql]
socket=/home/foo/mymysql/thesock
port=8081

[mysql.server]
user=mysql
basedir=/var/lib

[safe_mysqld]
err-log=/home/foo/mymysql/the.log
pid-file=/home/foo/mymysql/the.pid
     _________________________________________________________________

2.6.2.1.2. The Custom Built Method

   You can install MySQL as a not-root, if you really need to. Build it with
   PREFIX set to /home/foo/mysql, or use pre-installed executables, specifying
   that you want to put all of the data files in /home/foo/mysql/data. If there
   is another MySQL server running on the system that you do not own, use the
   -P option to specify a TCP port that is not in use.
     _________________________________________________________________

2.6.2.1.3. Starting the Server

   After your mysqld program is built and any .my.cnf file is in place, you
   must initialize the databases (ONCE).
              bash$
              mysql_install_db

   Then start the daemon with
              bash$
              safe_mysql &

   After you start mysqld the first time, you then connect to it as "root" and
   GRANT permissions to other users. (Again, the MySQL root account has nothing
   to do with the *NIX root account.)

   Note

   You will need to start the daemons yourself. You can either ask your system
   administrator to add them to system startup files, or add a crontab entry
   that runs a script to check on these daemons and restart them if needed.

   Warning

   Do NOT run daemons or other services on a server without first consulting
   your system administrator! Daemons use up system resources and running one
   may be in violation of your terms of service for any machine on which you
   are a user!
     _________________________________________________________________

2.6.3. Perl

   On the extremely rare chance that you don't have Perl on the machine, you
   will have to build the sources yourself. The following commands should get
   your system installed with your own personal version of Perl:
        bash$
        wget http://perl.org/CPAN/src/stable.tar.gz
        bash$
        tar zvxf stable.tar.gz
        bash$
        cd perl-5.8.1 (or whatever the version of Perl is called)
        bash$
        sh Configure -de -Dprefix=/home/foo/perl
        bash$
        make && make test && make install

   Once you have Perl installed into a directory (probably in ~/perl/bin), you
   will need to install the Perl Modules, described below.
     _________________________________________________________________

2.6.4. Perl Modules

   Installing the Perl modules as a non-root user is accomplished by running
   the install-module.pl script. For more details on this script, see
   install-module.pl documentation
     _________________________________________________________________

2.6.5. HTTP Server

   Ideally, this also needs to be installed as root and run under a special web
   server account. As long as the web server will allow the running of *.cgi
   files outside of a cgi-bin, and a way of denying web access to certain files
   (such as a .htaccess file), you should be good in this department.
     _________________________________________________________________

2.6.5.1. Running Apache as Non-Root

   You can run Apache as a non-root user, but the port will need to be set to
   one above 1024. If you type httpd -V, you will get a list of the variables
   that your system copy of httpd uses. One of those, namely HTTPD_ROOT, tells
   you where that installation looks for its config information.

   From there, you can copy the config files to your own home directory to
   start editing. When you edit those and then use the -d option to override
   the HTTPD_ROOT compiled into the web server, you get control of your own
   customized web server.

   Note

   You will need to start the daemons yourself. You can either ask your system
   administrator to add them to system startup files, or add a crontab entry
   that runs a script to check on these daemons and restart them if needed.

   Warning

   Do NOT run daemons or other services on a server without first consulting
   your system administrator! Daemons use up system resources and running one
   may be in violation of your terms of service for any machine on which you
   are a user!
     _________________________________________________________________

2.6.6. Bugzilla

   When you run ./checksetup.pl to create the localconfig file, it will list
   the Perl modules it finds. If one is missing, go back and double-check the
   module installation from Section 2.6.4, then delete the localconfig file and
   try again.

   Warning

   One option in localconfig you might have problems with is the web server
   group. If you can't successfully browse to the index.cgi (like a Forbidden
   error), you may have to relax your permissions, and blank out the web server
   group. Of course, this may pose as a security risk. Having a properly jailed
   shell and/or limited access to shell accounts may lessen the security risk,
   but use at your own risk.
     _________________________________________________________________

2.6.6.1. suexec or shared hosting

   If you are running on a system that uses suexec (most shared hosting
   environments do this), you will need to set the webservergroup value in
   localconfig to match your primary group, rather than the one the web server
   runs under. You will need to run the following shell commands after running
   ./checksetup.pl, every time you run it (or modify checksetup.pl to do them
   for you via the system() command).
        for i in docs graphs images js skins; do find $i -type d -exec chmod o+
rx {} \; ; done
        for i in jpg gif css js png html rdf xul; do find . -name \*.$i -exec c
hmod o+r {} \; ; done
        find . -name .htaccess -exec chmod o+r {} \;
        chmod o+x . data data/webdot

   Pay particular attention to the number of semicolons and dots. They are all
   important. A future version of Bugzilla will hopefully be able to do this
   for you out of the box.
     _________________________________________________________________

2.7. Upgrading to New Releases

   Upgrading to new Bugzilla releases is very simple. There is a script
   included with Bugzilla that will automatically do all of the database
   migration for you.

   The following sections explain how to upgrade from one version of Bugzilla
   to another. Whether you are upgrading from one bug-fix version to another
   (such as 3.0.1 to 3.0.2) or from one major version to another (such as from
   3.0 to 3.2), the instructions are always the same.

   Note

   Any examples in the following sections are written as though the user were
   updating to version 2.22.1, but the procedures are the same no matter what
   version you're updating to. Also, in the examples, the user's Bugzilla
   installation is found at /usr/local/www/bugzilla. If that is not the same as
   the location of your Bugzilla installation, simply substitute the proper
   paths where appropriate.
     _________________________________________________________________

2.7.1. Before You Upgrade

   Before you start your upgrade, there are a few important steps to take:

    1. Read the Release Notes of the version you're upgrading to, particularly
       the "Notes for Upgraders" section.
    2. View the Sanity Check (Section 3.16) page on your installation before
       upgrading. Attempt to fix all warnings that the page produces before you
       go any further, or you may experience problems during your upgrade.
    3. Shut down your Bugzilla installation by putting some HTML or text in the
       shutdownhtml parameter (see Section 3.1).
    4. Make a backup of the Bugzilla database. THIS IS VERY IMPORTANT. If
       anything goes wrong during the upgrade, your installation can be
       corrupted beyond recovery. Having a backup keeps you safe.

   Warning

   Upgrading is a one-way process. You cannot "downgrade" an upgraded Bugzilla.
   If you wish to revert to the old Bugzilla version for any reason, you will
   have to restore your database from this backup.
       Here are some sample commands you could use to backup your database,
       depending on what database system you're using. You may have to modify
       these commands for your particular setup.

        MySQL:
                mysqldump --opt -u bugs -p bugs > bugs.sql

        PostgreSQL:
                pg_dump --no-privileges --no-owner -h localhost -U bugs >
                bugs.sql
     _________________________________________________________________

2.7.2. Getting The New Bugzilla

   There are three ways to get the new version of Bugzilla. We'll list them
   here briefly and then explain them more later.

   CVS (Section 2.7.2.2)
          If have cvs installed on your machine and you have Internet access,
          this is the easiest way to upgrade, particularly if you have made
          modifications to the code or templates of Bugzilla.

   Download the tarball (Section 2.7.2.3)
          This is a very simple way to upgrade, and good if you haven't made
          many (or any) modifications to the code or templates of your
          Bugzilla.

   Patches (Section 2.7.2.4)
          If you have made modifications to your Bugzilla, and you don't have
          Internet access or you don't want to use cvs, then this is the best
          way to upgrade.

          You can only do minor upgrades (such as 3.0 to 3.0.1 or 3.0.1 to
          3.0.2) with patches.
     _________________________________________________________________

2.7.2.1. If you have modified your Bugzilla

   If you have modified the code or templates of your Bugzilla, then upgrading
   requires a bit more thought and effort. A discussion of the various methods
   of updating compared with degree and methods of local customization can be
   found in Section 6.3.2.

   The larger the jump you are trying to make, the more difficult it is going
   to be to upgrade if you have made local customizations. Upgrading from 3.0
   to 3.0.1 should be fairly painless even if you are heavily customized, but
   going from 2.18 to 3.0 is going to mean a fair bit of work re-writing your
   local changes to use the new files, logic, templates, etc. If you have done
   no local changes at all, however, then upgrading should be approximately the
   same amount of work regardless of how long it has been since your version
   was released.
     _________________________________________________________________

2.7.2.2. Upgrading using CVS

   This requires that you have cvs installed (most Unix machines do), and
   requires that you are able to access cvs-mirror.mozilla.org on port 2401,
   which may not be an option if you are behind a highly restrictive firewall
   or don't have Internet access.

   The following shows the sequence of commands needed to update a Bugzilla
   installation via CVS, and a typical series of results.
bash$ cd /usr/local/www/bugzilla
bash$ cvs login
Logging in to :pserver:anonymous@cvs-mirror.mozilla.org:2401/cvsroot
CVS password: ('anonymous', or just leave it blank)
bash$ cvs -q update -r BUGZILLA-2_22_1 -dP
P checksetup.pl
P collectstats.pl
P docs/rel_notes.txt
P template/en/default/list/quips.html.tmpl
(etc.)

   Caution

   If a line in the output from cvs update begins with a C, then that
   represents a file with local changes that CVS was unable to properly merge.
   You need to resolve these conflicts manually before Bugzilla (or at least
   the portion using that file) will be usable.
     _________________________________________________________________

2.7.2.3. Upgrading using the tarball

   If you are unable (or unwilling) to use CVS, another option that's always
   available is to obtain the latest tarball from the Download Page and create
   a new Bugzilla installation from that.

   This sequence of commands shows how to get the tarball from the
   command-line; it is also possible to download it from the site directly in a
   web browser. If you go that route, save the file to the /var/www/html
   directory (or its equivalent, if you use something else) and omit the first
   three lines of the example.
bash$ cd /var/www/html
bash$ wget http://ftp.mozilla.org/pub/mozilla.org/webtools/bugzilla-2.22.1.tar.
gz
(Output omitted)
bash$ tar xzvf bugzilla-2.22.1.tar.gz
bugzilla-2.22.1/
bugzilla-2.22.1/.cvsignore
(Output truncated)
bash$ cd bugzilla-2.22.1
bash$ cp ../bugzilla/localconfig* .
bash$ cp -r ../bugzilla/data .
bash$ cd ..
bash$ mv bugzilla bugzilla.old
bash$ mv bugzilla-2.22.1 bugzilla

   Warning

   The cp commands both end with periods which is a very important detail--it
   means that the destination directory is the current working directory.

   This upgrade method will give you a clean install of Bugzilla. That's fine
   if you don't have any local customizations that you want to maintain. If you
   do have customizations, then you will need to reapply them by hand to the
   appropriate files.
     _________________________________________________________________

2.7.2.4. Upgrading using patches

   A patch is a collection of all the bug fixes that have been made since the
   last bug-fix release.

   If you are doing a bug-fix upgrade—that is, one where only the last number
   of the revision changes, such as from 2.22 to 2.22.1—then you have the
   option of obtaining and applying a patch file from the Download Page.

   As above, this example starts with obtaining the file via the command line.
   If you have already downloaded it, you can omit the first two commands.
bash$ cd /usr/local/www/bugzilla
bash$ wget http://ftp.mozilla.org/pub/mozilla.org/webtools/bugzilla-2.22-to-2.2
2.1.diff.gz
(Output omitted)
bash$ gunzip bugzilla-2.22-to-2.22.1.diff.gz
bash$ patch -p1 < bugzilla-2.22-to-2.22.1.diff
patching file checksetup.pl
patching file collectstats.pl
(etc.)

   Warning

   Be aware that upgrading from a patch file does not change the entries in
   your CVS directory. This could make it more difficult to upgrade using CVS
   (Section 2.7.2.2) in the future.
     _________________________________________________________________

2.7.3. Completing Your Upgrade

   Now that you have the new Bugzilla code, there are a few final steps to
   complete your upgrade.

    1. If your new Bugzilla installation is in a different directory or on a
       different machine than your old Bugzilla installation, make sure that
       you have copied the data directory and the localconfig file from your
       old Bugzilla installation. (If you followed the tarball instructions
       above, this has already happened.)
    2. If this is a major update, check that the configuration (Section 2.2)
       for your new Bugzilla is up-to-date. Sometimes the configuration
       requirements change between major versions.
    3. If you didn't do it as part of the above configuration step, now you
       need to run checksetup.pl, which will do everything required to convert
       your existing database and settings for the new version:

bash$ cd /usr/local/www/bugzilla
bash$ ./checksetup.pl


       Warning

   The period at the beginning of the command ./checksetup.pl is important and
   can not be omitted.

   Caution

   If this is a major upgrade (say, 2.22 to 3.0 or similar), running
   checksetup.pl on a large installation (75,000 or more bugs) can take a long
   time, possibly several hours.
    4. Clear any HTML or text that you put into the shutdownhtml parameter, to
       re-activate Bugzilla.
    5. View the Sanity Check (Section 3.16) page in your upgraded Bugzilla.
       It is recommended that, if possible, you fix any problems you see,
       immediately. Failure to do this may mean that Bugzilla will not work
       correctly. Be aware that if the sanity check page contains more errors
       after an upgrade, it doesn't necessarily mean there are more errors in
       your database than there were before, as additional tests are added to
       the sanity check over time, and it is possible that those errors weren't
       being checked for in the old version.
     _________________________________________________________________

2.7.4. Automatic Notifications of New Releases

   Bugzilla 3.0 introduced the ability to automatically notify administrators
   when new releases are available, based on the upgrade_notification
   parameter, see Section 3.1. Administrators will see these notifications when
   they access the index.cgi page, i.e. generally when logging in. Bugzilla
   will check once per day for new releases, unless the parameter is set to
   "disabled". If you are behind a proxy, you may have to set the proxy_url
   parameter accordingly. If the proxy requires authentication, use the
   http://user:pass@proxy_url/ syntax.
     _________________________________________________________________

Chapter 3. Administering Bugzilla

3.1. Bugzilla Configuration

   Bugzilla is configured by changing various parameters, accessed from the
   "Parameters" link in the Administration page (the Administration page can be
   found by clicking the "Administration" link in the footer). The parameters
   are divided into several categories, accessed via the menu on the left.
   Following is a description of the different categories and important
   parameters within those categories.
     _________________________________________________________________

3.1.1. Required Settings

   The core required parameters for any Bugzilla installation are set here.
   These parameters must be set before a new Bugzilla installation can be used.
   Administrators should review this list before deploying a new Bugzilla
   installation.

   maintainer
          Email address of the person responsible for maintaining this Bugzilla
          installation. The address need not be that of a valid Bugzilla
          account.

   urlbase
          Defines the fully qualified domain name and web server path to this
          Bugzilla installation.

          For example, if the Bugzilla query page is
          http://www.foo.com/bugzilla/query.cgi, the "urlbase" should be set to
          http://www.foo.com/bugzilla/.

   docs_urlbase
          Defines path to the Bugzilla documentation. This can be a fully
          qualified domain name, or a path relative to "urlbase".

          For example, if the "Bugzilla Configuration" page of the
          documentation is
          http://www.foo.com/bugzilla/docs/html/parameters.html, set the
          "docs_urlbase" to http://www.foo.com/bugzilla/docs/html/.

   sslbase
          Defines the fully qualified domain name and web server path for HTTPS
          (SSL) connections to this Bugzilla installation.

          For example, if the Bugzilla main page is
          https://www.foo.com/bugzilla/index.cgi, the "sslbase" should be set
          to https://www.foo.com/bugzilla/.

   ssl_redirect
          If enabled, Bugzilla will force HTTPS (SSL) connections, by
          automatically redirecting any users who try to use a non-SSL
          connection.

   cookiedomain
          Defines the domain for Bugzilla cookies. This is typically left
          blank. If there are multiple hostnames that point to the same
          webserver, which require the same cookie, then this parameter can be
          utilized. For example, If your website is at https://www.foo.com/,
          setting this to .foo.com/ will also allow bar.foo.com/ to access
          Bugzilla cookies.

   cookiepath
          Defines a path, relative to the web server root, that Bugzilla
          cookies will be restricted to. For example, if the urlbase is set to
          http://www.foo.com/bugzilla/, the cookiepath should be set to
          /bugzilla/. Setting it to "/" will allow all sites served by this web
          server or virtual host to read Bugzilla cookies.

   utf8
          Determines whether to use UTF-8 (Unicode) encoding for all text in
          Bugzilla. New installations should set this to true to avoid
          character encoding problems. Existing databases should set this to
          true only after the data has been converted from existing legacy
          character encoding to UTF-8, using the contrib/recode.pl script.

          Note

   If you turn this parameter from "off" to "on", you must re-run checksetup.pl
   immediately afterward.

   shutdownhtml
          If there is any text in this field, this Bugzilla installation will
          be completely disabled and this text will appear instead of all
          Bugzilla pages for all users, including Admins. Used in the event of
          site maintenance or outage situations.

   Note

   Although regular log-in capability is disabled while shutdownhtml is
   enabled, safeguards are in place to protect the unfortunate admin who loses
   connection to Bugzilla. Should this happen to you, go directly to the
   editparams.cgi (by typing the URL in manually, if necessary). Doing this
   will prompt you to log in, and your name/password will be accepted here (but
   nowhere else).

   announcehtml
          Any text in this field will be displayed at the top of every HTML
          page in this Bugzilla installation. The text is not wrapped in any
          tags. For best results, wrap the text in a "<div>" tag. Any style
          attributes from the CSS can be applied. For example, to make the text
          green inside of a red box, add "id=message" to the "<div>" tag.

   proxy_url
          If this Bugzilla installation is behind a proxy, enter the proxy
          information here to enable Bugzilla to access the Internet. Bugzilla
          requires Internet access to utilize the upgrade_notification
          parameter (below). If the proxy requires authentication, use the
          syntax: http://user:pass@proxy_url/.

   upgrade_notification
          Enable or disable a notification on the homepage of this Bugzilla
          installation when a newer version of Bugzilla is available. This
          notification is only visible to administrators. Choose "disabled", to
          turn off the notification. Otherwise, choose which version of
          Bugzilla you want to be notified about: "development_snapshot" is the
          latest release on the trunk; "latest_stable_release" is the most
          recent release available on the most recent stable branch;
          "stable_branch_release" the most recent release on the branch this
          installation is based on.
     _________________________________________________________________

3.1.2. Administrative Policies

   This page contains parameters for basic administrative functions. Options
   include whether to allow the deletion of bugs and users, and whether to
   allow users to change their email address.
     _________________________________________________________________

3.1.3. User Authentication

   This page contains the settings that control how this Bugzilla installation
   will do its authentication. Choose what authentication mechanism to use (the
   Bugzilla database, or an external source such as LDAP), and set basic
   behavioral parameters. For example, choose whether to require users to login
   to browse bugs, the management of authentication cookies, and the regular
   expression used to validate email addresses. Some parameters are highlighted
   below.

   emailregexp
          Defines the regular expression used to validate email addresses used
          for login names. The default attempts to match fully qualified email
          addresses (i.e. 'user@example.com'). Some Bugzilla installations
          allow only local user names (i.e 'user' instead of
          'user@example.com'). In that case, the emailsuffix parameter should
          be used to define the email domain.

   emailsuffix
          This string is appended to login names when actually sending email to
          a user. For example, If emailregexp has been set to allow local
          usernames, then this parameter would contain the email domain for all
          users (i.e. '@example.com').
     _________________________________________________________________

3.1.4. Attachments

   This page allows for setting restrictions and other parameters regarding
   attachments to bugs. For example, control size limitations and whether to
   allow pointing to external files via a URI.
     _________________________________________________________________

3.1.5. Bug Change Policies

   Set policy on default behavior for bug change events. For example, choose
   which status to set a bug to when it is marked as a duplicate, and choose
   whether to allow bug reporters to set the priority or target milestone. Also
   allows for configuration of what changes should require the user to make a
   comment, described below.

   commenton*
          All these fields allow you to dictate what changes can pass without
          comment, and which must have a comment from the person who changed
          them. Often, administrators will allow users to add themselves to the
          CC list, accept bugs, or change the Status Whiteboard without adding
          a comment as to their reasons for the change, yet require that most
          other changes come with an explanation.

          Set the "commenton" options according to your site policy. It is a
          wise idea to require comments when users resolve, reassign, or reopen
          bugs at the very least.

   Note

   It is generally far better to require a developer comment when resolving
   bugs than not. Few things are more annoying to bug database users than
   having a developer mark a bug "fixed" without any comment as to what the fix
   was (or even that it was truly fixed!)

   noresolveonopenblockers
          This option will prevent users from resolving bugs as FIXED if they
          have unresolved dependencies. Only the FIXED resolution is affected.
          Users will be still able to resolve bugs to resolutions other than
          FIXED if they have unresolved dependent bugs.
     _________________________________________________________________

3.1.6. Bug Fields

   The parameters in this section determine the default settings of several
   Bugzilla fields for new bugs, and also control whether certain fields are
   used. For example, choose whether to use the "target milestone" field or the
   "status whiteboard" field.

   useqacontact
          This allows you to define an email address for each component, in
          addition to that of the default assignee, who will be sent carbon
          copies of incoming bugs.

   usestatuswhiteboard
          This defines whether you wish to have a free-form, overwritable field
          associated with each bug. The advantage of the Status Whiteboard is
          that it can be deleted or modified with ease, and provides an
          easily-searchable field for indexing some bugs that have some trait
          in common.
     _________________________________________________________________

3.1.7. Bug Moving

   This page controls whether this Bugzilla installation allows certain users
   to move bugs to an external database. If bug moving is enabled, there are a
   number of parameters that control bug moving behaviors. For example, choose
   which users are allowed to move bugs, the location of the external database,
   and the default product and component that bugs moved from other bug
   databases to this Bugzilla installation are assigned to.
     _________________________________________________________________

3.1.8. Dependency Graphs

   This page has one parameter that sets the location of a Web Dot server, or
   of the Web Dot binary on the local system, that is used to generate
   dependency graphs. Web Dot is a CGI program that creates images from .dot
   graphic description files. If no Web Dot server or binary is specified, then
   dependency graphs will be disabled.
     _________________________________________________________________

3.1.9. Group Security

   Bugzilla allows for the creation of different groups, with the ability to
   restrict the visibility of bugs in a group to a set of specific users.
   Specific products can also be associated with groups, and users restricted
   to only see products in their groups. Several parameters are described in
   more detail below. Most of the configuration of groups and their
   relationship to products is done on the "Groups" and "Product" pages of the
   "Administration" area. The options on this page control global default
   behavior. For more information on Groups and Group Security, see Section
   3.15

   makeproductgroups
          Determines whether or not to automatically create groups when new
          products are created. If this is on, the groups will be used for
          querying bugs.

   usevisibilitygroups
          If selected, user visibility will be restricted to members of groups,
          as selected in the group configuration settings. Each user-defined
          group can be allowed to see members of selected other groups. For
          details on configuring groups (including the visibility restrictions)
          see Section 3.15.2.

   querysharegroup
          The name of the group of users who are allowed to share saved
          searches with one another. For more information on using saved
          searches, see Saved Searches.
     _________________________________________________________________

3.1.10. LDAP Authentication

   LDAP authentication is a module for Bugzilla's plugin authentication
   architecture. This page contains all the parameters necessary to configure
   Bugzilla for use with LDAP authentication.

   The existing authentication scheme for Bugzilla uses email addresses as the
   primary user ID, and a password to authenticate that user. All places within
   Bugzilla that require a user ID (e.g assigning a bug) use the email address.
   The LDAP authentication builds on top of this scheme, rather than replacing
   it. The initial log-in is done with a username and password for the LDAP
   directory. Bugzilla tries to bind to LDAP using those credentials and, if
   successful, tries to map this account to a Bugzilla account. If an LDAP mail
   attribute is defined, the value of this attribute is used, otherwise the
   "emailsuffix" parameter is appended to LDAP username to form a full email
   address. If an account for this address already exists in the Bugzilla
   installation, it will log in to that account. If no account for that email
   address exists, one is created at the time of login. (In this case, Bugzilla
   will attempt to use the "displayName" or "cn" attribute to determine the
   user's full name.) After authentication, all other user-related tasks are
   still handled by email address, not LDAP username. For example, bugs are
   still assigned by email address and users are still queried by email
   address.

   Caution

   Because the Bugzilla account is not created until the first time a user logs
   in, a user who has not yet logged is unknown to Bugzilla. This means they
   cannot be used as an assignee or QA contact (default or otherwise), added to
   any CC list, or any other such operation. One possible workaround is the
   bugzilla_ldapsync.rb script in the contrib directory. Another possible
   solution is fixing bug 201069.

   Parameters required to use LDAP Authentication:

   user_verify_class
          If you want to list "LDAP" here, make sure to have set up the other
          parameters listed below. Unless you have other (working)
          authentication methods listed as well, you may otherwise not be able
          to log back in to Bugzilla once you log out. If this happens to you,
          you will need to manually edit data/params and set user_verify_class
          to "DB".

   LDAPserver
          This parameter should be set to the name (and optionally the port) of
          your LDAP server. If no port is specified, it assumes the default
          LDAP port of 389.

          For example: "ldap.company.com" or "ldap.company.com:3268"

          You can also specify a LDAP URI, so as to use other protocols, such
          as LDAPS or LDAPI. If port was not specified in the URI, the default
          is either 389 or 636 for 'LDAP' and 'LDAPS' schemes respectively.

          Tip

   In order to use SSL with LDAP, specify a URI with "ldaps://". This will
   force the use of SSL over port 636.

          For example, normal LDAP: "ldap://ldap.company.com", LDAP over SSL:
          "ldaps://ldap.company.com" or LDAP over a UNIX domain socket
          "ldapi://%2fvar%2flib%2fldap_sock".

   LDAPbinddn [Optional]
          Some LDAP servers will not allow an anonymous bind to search the
          directory. If this is the case with your configuration you should set
          the LDAPbinddn parameter to the user account Bugzilla should use
          instead of the anonymous bind.

          Ex. "cn=default,cn=user:password"

   LDAPBaseDN
          The LDAPBaseDN parameter should be set to the location in your LDAP
          tree that you would like to search for email addresses. Your uids
          should be unique under the DN specified here.

          Ex. "ou=People,o=Company"

   LDAPuidattribute
          The LDAPuidattribute parameter should be set to the attribute which
          contains the unique UID of your users. The value retrieved from this
          attribute will be used when attempting to bind as the user to confirm
          their password.

          Ex. "uid"

   LDAPmailattribute
          The LDAPmailattribute parameter should be the name of the attribute
          which contains the email address your users will enter into the
          Bugzilla login boxes.

          Ex. "mail"
     _________________________________________________________________

3.1.11. RADIUS Authentication

   RADIUS authentication is a module for Bugzilla's plugin authentication
   architecture. This page contains all the parameters necessary for
   configuring Bugzilla to use RADIUS authentication.

   Note

   Most caveats that apply to LDAP authentication apply to RADIUS
   authentication as well. See Section 3.1.10 for details.

   Parameters required to use RADIUS Authentication:

   user_verify_class
          If you want to list "RADIUS" here, make sure to have set up the other
          parameters listed below. Unless you have other (working)
          authentication methods listed as well, you may otherwise not be able
          to log back in to Bugzilla once you log out. If this happens to you,
          you will need to manually edit data/params and set user_verify_class
          to "DB".

   RADIUS_server
          This parameter should be set to the name (and optionally the port) of
          your RADIUS server.

   RADIUS_secret
          This parameter should be set to the RADIUS server's secret.

   RADIUS_email_suffix
          Bugzilla needs an e-mail address for each user account. Therefore, it
          needs to determine the e-mail address corresponding to a RADIUS user.
          Bugzilla offers only a simple way to do this: it can concatenate a
          suffix to the RADIUS user name to convert it into an e-mail address.
          You can specify this suffix in the RADIUS_email_suffix parameter.

          If this simple solution does not work for you, you'll probably need
          to modify Bugzilla/Auth/Verify/RADIUS.pm to match your requirements.
     _________________________________________________________________

3.1.12. Email

   This page contains all of the parameters for configuring how Bugzilla deals
   with the email notifications it sends. See below for a summary of important
   options.

   mail_delivery_method
          This is used to specify how email is sent, or if it is sent at all.
          There are several options included for different MTAs, along with two
          additional options that disable email sending. "Test" does not send
          mail, but instead saves it in data/mailer.testfile for later review.
          "None" disables email sending entirely.

   mailfrom
          This is the email address that will appear in the "From" field of all
          emails sent by this Bugzilla installation. Some email servers require
          mail to be from a valid email address, therefore it is recommended to
          choose a valid email address here.

   sendmailnow
          When Bugzilla is using Sendmail older than 8.12, turning this option
          off will improve performance by not waiting for Sendmail to actually
          send mail. If Sendmail 8.12 or later is being used, there is nothing
          to gain by turning this off. If another MTA is being used, such as
          Postfix, then this option *must* be turned on (even if you are using
          the fake sendmail executable that Postfix provides).

   whinedays
          Set this to the number of days you want to let bugs go in the NEW or
          REOPENED state before notifying people they have untouched new bugs.
          If you do not plan to use this feature, simply do not set up the
          whining cron job described in the installation instructions, or set
          this value to "0" (never whine).

   globalwatcher
          This allows you to define specific users who will receive
          notification each time a new bug in entered, or when an existing bug
          changes, according to the normal groupset permissions. It may be
          useful for sending notifications to a mailing-list, for instance.
     _________________________________________________________________

3.1.13. Patch Viewer

   This page contains configuration parameters for the CVS server, Bonsai
   server and LXR server that Bugzilla will use to enable the features of the
   Patch Viewer. Bonsai is a tool that enables queries to a CVS tree. LXR is a
   tool that can cross reference and index source code.
     _________________________________________________________________

3.1.14. Query Defaults

   This page controls the default behavior of Bugzilla in regards to several
   aspects of querying bugs. Options include what the default query options
   are, what the "My Bugs" page returns, whether users can freely add bugs to
   the quip list, and how many duplicate bugs are needed to add a bug to the
   "most frequently reported" list.
     _________________________________________________________________

3.1.15. Shadow Database

   This page controls whether a shadow database is used, and all the parameters
   associated with the shadow database. Versions of Bugzilla prior to 3.2 used
   the MyISAM table type, which supports only table-level write locking. With
   MyISAM, any time someone is making a change to a bug, the entire table is
   locked until the write operation is complete. Locking for write also blocks
   reads until the write is complete.

   The "shadowdb" parameter was designed to get around this limitation. While
   only a single user is allowed to write to a table at a time, reads can
   continue unimpeded on a read-only shadow copy of the database.

   Note

   As of version 3.2, Bugzilla no longer uses the MyISAM table type. Instead,
   InnoDB is used, which can do transaction-based locking. Therefore, the
   limitations the Shadow Database feature was designed to workaround no longer
   exist.
     _________________________________________________________________

3.1.16. User Matching

   The settings on this page control how users are selected and queried when
   adding a user to a bug. For example, users need to be selected when choosing
   who the bug is assigned to, adding to the CC list or selecting a QA contact.
   With the "usemenuforusers" parameter, it is possible to configure Bugzilla
   to display a list of users in the fields instead of an empty text field.
   This should only be used in Bugzilla installations with a small number of
   users. If users are selected via a text box, this page also contains
   parameters for how user names can be queried and matched when entered.
     _________________________________________________________________

3.2. User Administration

3.2.1. Creating the Default User

   When you first run checksetup.pl after installing Bugzilla, it will prompt
   you for the administrative username (email address) and password for this
   "super user". If for some reason you delete the "super user" account,
   re-running checksetup.pl will again prompt you for this username and
   password.

   Tip

   If you wish to add more administrative users, add them to the "admin" group
   and, optionally, edit the tweakparams, editusers, creategroups,
   editcomponents, and editkeywords groups to add the entire admin group to
   those groups (which is the case by default).
     _________________________________________________________________

3.2.2. Managing Other Users

3.2.2.1. Searching for existing users

   If you have "editusers" privileges or if you are allowed to grant privileges
   for some groups, the "Users" link will appear in the Administration page.

   The first screen is a search form to search for existing user accounts. You
   can run searches based either on the user ID, real name or login name (i.e.
   the email address, or just the first part of the email address if the
   "emailsuffix" parameter is set). The search can be conducted in different
   ways using the listbox to the right of the text entry box. You can match by
   case-insensitive substring (the default), regular expression, a reverse
   regular expression match (which finds every user name which does NOT match
   the regular expression), or the exact string if you know exactly who you are
   looking for. The search can be restricted to users who are in a specific
   group. By default, the restriction is turned off.

   The search returns a list of users matching your criteria. User properties
   can be edited by clicking the login name. The Account History of a user can
   be viewed by clicking the "View" link in the Account History column. The
   Account History displays changes that have been made to the user account,
   the time of the change and the user who made the change. For example, the
   Account History page will display details of when a user was added or
   removed from a group.
     _________________________________________________________________

3.2.2.2. Creating new users

3.2.2.2.1. Self-registration

   By default, users can create their own user accounts by clicking the "New
   Account" link at the bottom of each page (assuming they aren't logged in as
   someone else already). If you want to disable this self-registration, or if
   you want to restrict who can create his own user account, you have to edit
   the "createemailregexp" parameter in the "Configuration" page, see Section
   3.1.
     _________________________________________________________________

3.2.2.2.2. Accounts created by an administrator

   Users with "editusers" privileges, such as administrators, can create user
   accounts for other users:

    1. After logging in, click the "Users" link at the footer of the query
       page, and then click "Add a new user".
    2. Fill out the form presented. This page is self-explanatory. When done,
       click "Submit".

   Note

   Adding a user this way will not send an email informing them of their
   username and password. While useful for creating dummy accounts (watchers
   which shuttle mail to another system, for instance, or email addresses which
   are a mailing list), in general it is preferable to log out and use the "New
   Account" button to create users, as it will pre-populate all the required
   fields and also notify the user of her account name and password.
     _________________________________________________________________

3.2.2.3. Modifying Users

   Once you have found your user, you can change the following fields:

     * Login Name: This is generally the user's full email address. However, if
       you have are using the "emailsuffix" parameter, this may just be the
       user's login name. Note that users can now change their login names
       themselves (to any valid email address).
     * Real Name: The user's real name. Note that Bugzilla does not require
       this to create an account.
     * Password: You can change the user's password here. Users can
       automatically request a new password, so you shouldn't need to do this
       often. If you want to disable an account, see Disable Text below.
     * Bugmail Disabled: Mark this checkbox to disable bugmail and whinemail
       completely for this account. This checkbox replaces the data/nomail file
       which existed in older versions of Bugzilla.
     * Disable Text: If you type anything in this box, including just a space,
       the user is prevented from logging in, or making any changes to bugs via
       the web interface. The HTML you type in this box is presented to the
       user when they attempt to perform these actions, and should explain why
       the account was disabled.
       Users with disabled accounts will continue to receive mail from
       Bugzilla; furthermore, they will not be able to log in themselves to
       change their own preferences and stop it. If you want an account
       (disabled or active) to stop receiving mail, simply check the "Bugmail
       Disabled" checkbox above.

   Note

   Even users whose accounts have been disabled can still submit bugs via the
   e-mail gateway, if one exists. The e-mail gateway should not be enabled for
   secure installations of Bugzilla.

       Warning

   Don't disable all the administrator accounts!
     * <groupname>: If you have created some groups, e.g. "securitysensitive",
       then checkboxes will appear here to allow you to add users to, or remove
       them from, these groups. The first checkbox gives the user the ability
       to add and remove other users as members of this group. The second
       checkbox adds the user himself as a member of the group.
     * canconfirm: This field is only used if you have enabled the
       "unconfirmed" status. If you enable this for a user, that user can then
       move bugs from "Unconfirmed" to a "Confirmed" status (e.g.: "New"
       status).
     * creategroups: This option will allow a user to create and destroy groups
       in Bugzilla.
     * editbugs: Unless a user has this bit set, they can only edit those bugs
       for which they are the assignee or the reporter. Even if this option is
       unchecked, users can still add comments to bugs.
     * editcomponents: This flag allows a user to create new products and
       components, as well as modify and destroy those that have no bugs
       associated with them. If a product or component has bugs associated with
       it, those bugs must be moved to a different product or component before
       Bugzilla will allow them to be destroyed.
     * editkeywords: If you use Bugzilla's keyword functionality, enabling this
       feature allows a user to create and destroy keywords. As always, the
       keywords for existing bugs containing the keyword the user wishes to
       destroy must be changed before Bugzilla will allow it to die.
     * editusers: This flag allows a user to do what you're doing right now:
       edit other users. This will allow those with the right to do so to
       remove administrator privileges from other users or grant them to
       themselves. Enable with care.
     * tweakparams: This flag allows a user to change Bugzilla's Params (using
       editparams.cgi.)
     * <productname>: This allows an administrator to specify the products in
       which a user can see bugs. If you turn on the "makeproductgroups"
       parameter in the Group Security Panel in the Parameters page, then
       Bugzilla creates one group per product (at the time you create the
       product), and this group has exactly the same name as the product
       itself. Note that for products that already exist when the parameter is
       turned on, the corresponding group will not be created. The user must
       still have the "editbugs" privilege to edit bugs in these products.
     _________________________________________________________________

3.2.2.4. Deleting Users

   If the "allowuserdeletion" parameter is turned on, see Section 3.1, then you
   can also delete user accounts. Note that this is most of the time not the
   best thing to do. If only a warning in a yellow box is displayed, then the
   deletion is safe. If a warning is also displayed in a red box, then you
   should NOT try to delete the user account, else you will get referential
   integrity problems in your database, which can lead to unexpected behavior,
   such as bugs not appearing in bug lists anymore, or data displaying
   incorrectly. You have been warned!
     _________________________________________________________________

3.2.2.5. Impersonating Users

   There may be times when an administrator would like to do something as
   another user. The sudo feature may be used to do this.

   Note

   To use the sudo feature, you must be in the bz_sudoers group. By default,
   all administrators are in this group.

   If you have access to this feature, you may start a session by going to the
   Edit Users page, Searching for a user and clicking on their login. You
   should see a link below their login name titled "Impersonate this user".
   Click on the link. This will take you to a page where you will see a
   description of the feature and instructions for using it. After reading the
   text, simply enter the login of the user you would like to impersonate,
   provide a short message explaining why you are doing this, and press the
   button.

   As long as you are using this feature, everything you do will be done as if
   you were logged in as the user you are impersonating.

   Warning

   The user you are impersonating will not be told about what you are doing. If
   you do anything that results in mail being sent, that mail will appear to be
   from the user you are impersonating. You should be extremely careful while
   using this feature.
     _________________________________________________________________

3.3. Classifications

   Classifications tend to be used in order to group several related products
   into one distinct entity.

   The classifications layer is disabled by default; it can be turned on or off
   using the useclassification parameter, in the Bug Fields section of the edit
   parameters screen.

   Access to the administration of classifications is controlled using the
   editclassifications system group, which defines a privilege for creating,
   destroying, and editing classifications.

   When activated, classifications will introduce an additional step when
   filling bugs (dedicated to classification selection), and they will also
   appear in the advanced search form.
     _________________________________________________________________

3.4. Products

   Products typically represent real-world shipping products. Products can be
   given Classifications. For example, if a company makes computer games, they
   could have a classification of "Games", and a separate product for each
   game. This company might also have a "Common" product for units of
   technology used in multiple games, and perhaps a few special products that
   represent items that are not actually shipping products (for example,
   "Website", or "Administration").

   Many of Bugzilla's settings are configurable on a per-product basis. The
   number of "votes" available to users is set per-product, as is the number of
   votes required to move a bug automatically from the UNCONFIRMED status to
   the NEW status.

   When creating or editing products the following options are available:

   Product
          The name of the product

   Description
          A brief description of the product

   Default milestone
          Select the default milestone for this product.

   Closed for bug entry
          Select this box to prevent new bugs from being entered against this
          product.

   Maximum votes per person
          Maximum votes a user is allowed to give for this product

   Maximum votes a person can put on a single bug
          Maximum votes a user is allowed to give for this product in a single
          bug

   Confirmation threshold
          Number of votes needed to automatically remove any bug against this
          product from the UNCONFIRMED state

   Version
          Specify which version of the product bugs will be entered against.

   Create chart datasets for this product
          Select to make chart datasets available for this product.

   When editing a product there is also a link to edit Group Access Controls,
   see Section 3.4.4.
     _________________________________________________________________

3.4.1. Creating New Products

   To create a new product:

    1. Select "Administration" from the footer and then choose "Products" from
       the main administration page.
    2. Select the "Add" link in the bottom right.
    3. Enter the name of the product and a description. The Description field
       may contain HTML.
    4. When the product is created, Bugzilla will give a message stating that a
       component must be created before any bugs can be entered against the new
       product. Follow the link to create a new component. See Components for
       more information.
     _________________________________________________________________

3.4.2. Editing Products

   To edit an existing product, click the "Products" link from the
   "Administration" page. If the 'useclassification' parameter is turned on, a
   table of existing classifications is displayed, including an "Unclassified"
   category. The table indicates how many products are in each classification.
   Click on the classification name to see its products. If the
   'useclassification' parameter is not in use, the table lists all products
   directly. The product table summarizes the information about the product
   defined when the product was created. Click on the product name to edit
   these properties, and to access links to other product attributes such as
   the product's components, versions, milestones, and group access controls.
     _________________________________________________________________

3.4.3. Adding or Editing Components, Versions and Target Milestones

   To edit existing, or add new, Components, Versions or Target Milestones to a
   Product, select the "Edit Components", "Edit Versions" or "Edit Milestones"
   links from the "Edit Product" page. A table of existing Components, Versions
   or Milestones is displayed. Click on a item name to edit the properties of
   that item. Below the table is a link to add a new Component, Version or
   Milestone.

   For more information on components, see Components.

   For more information on versions, see Section 3.6.

   For more information on milestones, see Section 3.7.
     _________________________________________________________________

3.4.4. Assigning Group Controls to Products

   On the "Edit Product" page, there is a link called "Edit Group Access
   Controls". The settings on this page control the relationship of the groups
   to the product being edited.

   Group Access Controls are an important aspect of using groups for isolating
   products and restricting access to bugs filed against those products. For
   more information on groups, including how to create, edit add users to, and
   alter permission of, see Section 3.15.

   After selecting the "Edit Group Access Controls" link from the "Edit
   Product" page, a table containing all user-defined groups for this Bugzilla
   installation is displayed. The system groups that are created when Bugzilla
   is installed are not applicable to Group Access Controls. Below is
   description of what each of these fields means.

   Groups may be applicable (e.g bugs in this product can be associated with
   this group) , default (e.g. bugs in this product are in this group by
   default), and mandatory (e.g. bugs in this product must be associated with
   this group) for each product. Groups can also control access to bugs for a
   given product, or be used to make bugs for a product totally read-only
   unless the group restrictions are met. The best way to understand these
   relationships is by example. See Section 3.4.4.1 for examples of product and
   group relationships.

   Note

   Products and Groups are not limited to a one-to-one relationship. Multiple
   groups can be associated with the same product, and groups can be associated
   with more than one product.

   If any group has Entry selected, then the product will restrict bug entry to
   only those users who are members of all the groups with Entry selected.

   If any group has Canedit selected, then the product will be read-only for
   any users who are not members of all of the groups with Canedit selected.
   Only users who are members of all the Canedit groups will be able to edit
   bugs for this product. This is an additional restriction that enables
   finer-grained control over products rather than just all-or-nothing access
   levels.

   The following settings let you choose privileges on a per-product basis.
   This is a convenient way to give privileges to some users for some products
   only, without having to give them global privileges which would affect all
   products.

   Any group having editcomponents selected allows users who are in this group
   to edit all aspects of this product, including components, milestones and
   versions.

   Any group having canconfirm selected allows users who are in this group to
   confirm bugs in this product.

   Any group having editbugs selected allows users who are in this group to
   edit all fields of bugs in this product.

   The MemberControl and OtherControl are used in tandem to determine which
   bugs will be placed in this group. The only allowable combinations of these
   two parameters are listed in a table on the "Edit Group Access Controls"
   page. Consult this table for details on how these fields can be used.
   Examples of different uses are described below.
     _________________________________________________________________

3.4.4.1. Common Applications of Group Controls

   The use of groups is best explained by providing examples that illustrate
   configurations for common use cases. The examples follow a common syntax:
   Group: Entry, MemberControl, OtherControl, CanEdit, EditComponents,
   CanConfirm, EditBugs. Where "Group" is the name of the group being edited
   for this product. The other fields all correspond to the table on the "Edit
   Group Access Controls" page. If any of these options are not listed, it
   means they are not checked.

   Basic Product/Group Restriction

   Suppose there is a product called "Bar". The "Bar" product can only have
   bugs entered against it by users in the group "Foo". Additionally, bugs
   filed against product "Bar" must stay restricted to users to "Foo" at all
   times. Furthermore, only members of group "Foo" can edit bugs filed against
   product "Bar", even if other users could see the bug. This arrangement would
   achieved by the following:
Product Bar:
foo: ENTRY, MANDATORY/MANDATORY, CANEDIT

   Perhaps such strict restrictions are not needed for product "Bar". A more
   lenient way to configure product "Bar" and group "Foo" would be:
Product Bar:
foo: ENTRY, SHOWN/SHOWN, EDITCOMPONENTS, CANCONFIRM, EDITBUGS

   The above indicates that for product "Bar", members of group "Foo" can enter
   bugs. Any one with permission to edit a bug against product "Bar" can put
   the bug in group "Foo", even if they themselves are not in "Foo". Anyone in
   group "Foo" can edit all aspects of the components of product "Bar", can
   confirm bugs against product "Bar", and can edit all fields of any bug
   against product "Bar".

   General User Access With Security Group

   To permit any user to file bugs against "Product A", and to permit any user
   to submit those bugs into a group called "Security":

Product A:
security: SHOWN/SHOWN

   General User Access With A Security Product

   To permit any user to file bugs against product called "Security" while
   keeping those bugs from becoming visible to anyone outside the group
   "SecurityWorkers" (unless a member of the "SecurityWorkers" group removes
   that restriction):

Product Security:
securityworkers: DEFAULT/MANDATORY

   Product Isolation With a Common Group

   To permit users of "Product A" to access the bugs for "Product A", users of
   "Product B" to access the bugs for "Product B", and support staff, who are
   members of the "Support Group" to access both, three groups are needed:

    1. Support Group: Contains members of the support staff.
    2. AccessA Group: Contains users of product A and the Support group.
    3. AccessB Group: Contains users of product B and the Support group.

   Once these three groups are defined, the product group controls can be set
   to:
Product A:
AccessA: ENTRY, MANDATORY/MANDATORY
Product B:
AccessB: ENTRY, MANDATORY/MANDATORY

   Perhaps the "Support Group" wants more control. For example, the "Support
   Group" could be permitted to make bugs inaccessible to users of both groups
   "AccessA" and "AccessB". Then, the "Support Group" could be permitted to
   publish bugs relevant to all users in a third product (let's call it
   "Product Common") that is read-only to anyone outside the "Support Group".
   In this way the "Support Group" could control bugs that should be seen by
   both groups. That configuration would be:
Product A:
AccessA: ENTRY, MANDATORY/MANDATORY
Support: SHOWN/NA
Product B:
AccessB: ENTRY, MANDATORY/MANDATORY
Support: SHOWN/NA
Product Common:
Support: ENTRY, DEFAULT/MANDATORY, CANEDIT

   Make a Product Read Only

   Sometimes a product is retired and should no longer have new bugs filed
   against it (for example, an older version of a software product that is no
   longer supported). A product can be made read-only by creating a group
   called "readonly" and adding products to the group as needed:
Product A:
ReadOnly: ENTRY, NA/NA, CANEDIT

   Note

   For more information on Groups outside of how they relate to products see
   Section 3.15.
     _________________________________________________________________

3.5. Components

   Components are subsections of a Product. E.g. the computer game you are
   designing may have a "UI" component, an "API" component, a "Sound System"
   component, and a "Plugins" component, each overseen by a different
   programmer. It often makes sense to divide Components in Bugzilla according
   to the natural divisions of responsibility within your Product or company.

   Each component has a default assignee and (if you turned it on in the
   parameters), a QA Contact. The default assignee should be the primary person
   who fixes bugs in that component. The QA Contact should be the person who
   will ensure these bugs are completely fixed. The Assignee, QA Contact, and
   Reporter will get email when new bugs are created in this Component and when
   these bugs change. Default Assignee and Default QA Contact fields only
   dictate the default assignments; these can be changed on bug submission, or
   at any later point in a bug's life.

   To create a new Component:

    1. Select the "Edit components" link from the "Edit product" page
    2. Select the "Add" link in the bottom right.
    3. Fill out the "Component" field, a short "Description", the "Default
       Assignee", "Default CC List" and "Default QA Contact" (if enabled). The
       "Component Description" field may contain a limited subset of HTML tags.
       The "Default Assignee" field must be a login name already existing in
       the Bugzilla database.
     _________________________________________________________________

3.6. Versions

   Versions are the revisions of the product, such as "Flinders 3.1", "Flinders
   95", and "Flinders 2000". Version is not a multi-select field; the usual
   practice is to select the earliest version known to have the bug.

   To create and edit Versions:

    1. From the "Edit product" screen, select "Edit Versions"
    2. You will notice that the product already has the default version
       "undefined". Click the "Add" link in the bottom right.
    3. Enter the name of the Version. This field takes text only. Then click
       the "Add" button.
     _________________________________________________________________

3.7. Milestones

   Milestones are "targets" that you plan to get a bug fixed by. For example,
   you have a bug that you plan to fix for your 3.0 release, it would be
   assigned the milestone of 3.0.

   Note

   Milestone options will only appear for a Product if you turned on the
   "usetargetmilestone" parameter in the "Bug Fields" tab of the "Parameters"
   page.

   To create new Milestones, and set Default Milestones:

    1. Select "Edit milestones" from the "Edit product" page.
    2. Select "Add" in the bottom right corner.
    3. Enter the name of the Milestone in the "Milestone" field. You can
       optionally set the "sortkey", which is a positive or negative number
       (-32768 to 32767) that defines where in the list this particular
       milestone appears. This is because milestones often do not occur in
       alphanumeric order For example, "Future" might be after "Release 1.2".
       Select "Add".
     _________________________________________________________________

3.8. Flags

   Flags are a way to attach a specific status to a bug or attachment, either
   "+" or "-". The meaning of these symbols depends on the text the flag
   itself, but contextually they could mean pass/fail, accept/reject,
   approved/denied, or even a simple yes/no. If your site allows requestable
   flags, then users may set a flag to "?" as a request to another user that
   they look at the bug/attachment, and set the flag to its correct status.
     _________________________________________________________________

3.8.1. A Simple Example

   A developer might want to ask their manager, "Should we fix this bug before
   we release version 2.0?" They might want to do this for a lot of bugs, so it
   would be nice to streamline the process...

   In Bugzilla, it would work this way:

    1. The Bugzilla administrator creates a flag type called "blocking2.0" that
       shows up on all bugs in your product.
       It shows up on the "Show Bug" screen as the text "blocking2.0" with a
       drop-down box next to it. The drop-down box contains four values: an
       empty space, "?", "-", and "+".
    2. The developer sets the flag to "?".
    3. The manager sees the blocking2.0 flag with a "?" value.
    4. If the manager thinks the feature should go into the product before
       version 2.0 can be released, he sets the flag to "+". Otherwise, he sets
       it to "-".
    5. Now, every Bugzilla user who looks at the bug knows whether or not the
       bug needs to be fixed before release of version 2.0.
     _________________________________________________________________

3.8.2. About Flags

3.8.2.1. Values

   Flags can have three values:

   ?
          A user is requesting that a status be set. (Think of it as 'A
          question is being asked'.)

   -
          The status has been set negatively. (The question has been answered
          "no".)

   +
          The status has been set positively. (The question has been answered
          "yes".)

   Actually, there's a fourth value a flag can have -- "unset" -- which shows
   up as a blank space. This just means that nobody has expressed an opinion
   (or asked someone else to express an opinion) about this bug or attachment.
     _________________________________________________________________

3.8.3. Using flag requests

   If a flag has been defined as 'requestable', and a user has enough
   privileges to request it (see below), the user can set the flag's status to
   "?". This status indicates that someone (a.k.a. "the requester") is asking
   someone else to set the flag to either "+" or "-".

   If a flag has been defined as 'specifically requestable', a text box will
   appear next to the flag into which the requester may enter a Bugzilla
   username. That named person (a.k.a. "the requestee") will receive an email
   notifying them of the request, and pointing them to the bug/attachment in
   question.

   If a flag has not been defined as 'specifically requestable', then no such
   text-box will appear. A request to set this flag cannot be made of any
   specific individual, but must be asked "to the wind". A requester may "ask
   the wind" on any flag simply by leaving the text-box blank.
     _________________________________________________________________

3.8.4. Two Types of Flags

   Flags can go in two places: on an attachment, or on a bug.
     _________________________________________________________________

3.8.4.1. Attachment Flags

   Attachment flags are used to ask a question about a specific attachment on a
   bug.

   Many Bugzilla installations use this to request that one developer "review"
   another developer's code before they check it in. They attach the code to a
   bug report, and then set a flag on that attachment called "review" to
   review?boss@domain.com. boss@domain.com is then notified by email that he
   has to check out that attachment and approve it or deny it.

   For a Bugzilla user, attachment flags show up in three places:

    1. On the list of attachments in the "Show Bug" screen, you can see the
       current state of any flags that have been set to ?, +, or -. You can see
       who asked about the flag (the requester), and who is being asked (the
       requestee).
    2. When you "Edit" an attachment, you can see any settable flag, along with
       any flags that have already been set. This "Edit Attachment" screen is
       where you set flags to ?, -, +, or unset them.
    3. Requests are listed in the "Request Queue", which is accessible from the
       "My Requests" link (if you are logged in) or "Requests" link (if you are
       logged out) visible in the footer of all pages.
     _________________________________________________________________

3.8.4.2. Bug Flags

   Bug flags are used to set a status on the bug itself. You can see Bug Flags
   in the "Show Bug" and "Requests" screens, as described above.

   Only users with enough privileges (see below) may set flags on bugs. This
   doesn't necessarily include the assignee, reporter, or users with the
   editbugs permission.
     _________________________________________________________________

3.8.5. Administering Flags

   If you have the "editcomponents" permission, you can edit Flag Types from
   the main administration page. Clicking the "Flags" link will bring you to
   the "Administer Flag Types" page. Here, you can select whether you want to
   create (or edit) a Bug flag, or an Attachment flag.

   No matter which you choose, the interface is the same, so we'll just go over
   it once.
     _________________________________________________________________

3.8.5.1. Editing a Flag

   To edit a flag's properties, just click the flag's name. That will take you
   to the same form as described below (Section 3.8.5.2).
     _________________________________________________________________

3.8.5.2. Creating a Flag

   When you click on the "Create a Flag Type for..." link, you will be
   presented with a form. Here is what the fields in the form mean:
     _________________________________________________________________

3.8.5.2.1. Name

   This is the name of the flag. This will be displayed to Bugzilla users who
   are looking at or setting the flag. The name may contain any valid Unicode
   characters except commas and spaces.
     _________________________________________________________________

3.8.5.2.2. Description

   The description describes the flag in more detail. It is visible in a
   tooltip when hovering over a flag either in the "Show Bug" or "Edit
   Attachment" pages. This field can be as long as you like, and can contain
   any character you want.
     _________________________________________________________________

3.8.5.2.3. Category

   Default behaviour for a newly-created flag is to appear on products and all
   components, which is why "__Any__:__Any__" is already entered in the
   "Inclusions" box. If this is not your desired behaviour, you must either set
   some exclusions (for products on which you don't want the flag to appear),
   or you must remove "__Any__:__Any__" from the Inclusions box and define
   products/components specifically for this flag.

   To create an Inclusion, select a Product from the top drop-down box. You may
   also select a specific component from the bottom drop-down box. (Setting
   "__Any__" for Product translates to, "all the products in this Bugzilla".
   Selecting "__Any__" in the Component field means "all components in the
   selected product.") Selections made, press "Include", and your
   Product/Component pairing will show up in the "Inclusions" box on the right.

   To create an Exclusion, the process is the same; select a Product from the
   top drop-down box, select a specific component if you want one, and press
   "Exclude". The Product/Component pairing will show up in the "Exclusions"
   box on the right.

   This flag will and can be set for any products/components that appearing in
   the "Inclusions" box (or which fall under the appropriate "__Any__"). This
   flag will not appear (and therefore cannot be set) on any products appearing
   in the "Exclusions" box. IMPORTANT: Exclusions override inclusions.

   You may select a Product without selecting a specific Component, but you
   can't select a Component without a Product, or to select a Component that
   does not belong to the named Product. If you do so, Bugzilla will display an
   error message, even if all your products have a component by that name.

   Example: Let's say you have a product called "Jet Plane" that has thousands
   of components. You want to be able to ask if a problem should be fixed in
   the next model of plane you release. We'll call the flag "fixInNext". But,
   there's one component in "Jet Plane," called "Pilot." It doesn't make sense
   to release a new pilot, so you don't want to have the flag show up in that
   component. So, you include "Jet Plane:__Any__" and you exclude "Jet
   Plane:Pilot".
     _________________________________________________________________

3.8.5.2.4. Sort Key

   Flags normally show up in alphabetical order. If you want them to show up in
   a different order, you can use this key set the order on each flag. Flags
   with a lower sort key will appear before flags with a higher sort key. Flags
   that have the same sort key will be sorted alphabetically, but they will
   still be after flags with a lower sort key, and before flags with a higher
   sort key.

   Example: I have AFlag (Sort Key 100), BFlag (Sort Key 10), CFlag (Sort Key
   10), and DFlag (Sort Key 1). These show up in the order: DFlag, BFlag,
   CFlag, AFlag.
     _________________________________________________________________

3.8.5.2.5. Active

   Sometimes, you might want to keep old flag information in the Bugzilla
   database, but stop users from setting any new flags of this type. To do
   this, uncheck "active". Deactivated flags will still show up in the UI if
   they are ?, +, or -, but they may only be cleared (unset), and cannot be
   changed to a new value. Once a deactivated flag is cleared, it will
   completely disappear from a bug/attachment, and cannot be set again.
     _________________________________________________________________

3.8.5.2.6. Requestable

   New flags are, by default, "requestable", meaning that they offer users the
   "?" option, as well as "+" and "-". To remove the ? option, uncheck
   "requestable".
     _________________________________________________________________

3.8.5.2.7. Specifically Requestable

   By default this box is checked for new flags, meaning that users may make
   flag requests of specific individuals. Unchecking this box will remove the
   text box next to a flag; if it is still requestable, then requests may only
   be made "to the wind." Removing this after specific requests have been made
   will not remove those requests; that data will stay in the database (though
   it will no longer appear to the user).
     _________________________________________________________________

3.8.5.2.8. Multiplicable

   Any flag with "Multiplicable" set (default for new flags is 'on') may be set
   more than once. After being set once, an unset flag of the same type will
   appear below it with "addl." (short for "additional") before the name. There
   is no limit to the number of times a Multiplicable flags may be set on the
   same bug/attachment.
     _________________________________________________________________

3.8.5.2.9. CC List

   If you want certain users to be notified every time this flag is set to ?,
   -, +, or unset, add them here. This is a comma-separated list of email
   addresses that need not be restricted to Bugzilla usernames.
     _________________________________________________________________

3.8.5.2.10. Grant Group

   When this field is set to some given group, only users in the group can set
   the flag to "+" and "-". This field does not affect who can request or
   cancel the flag. For that, see the "Request Group" field below. If this
   field is left blank, all users can set or delete this flag. This field is
   useful for restricting which users can approve or reject requests.
     _________________________________________________________________

3.8.5.2.11. Request Group

   When this field is set to some given group, only users in the group can
   request or cancel this flag. Note that this field has no effect if the
   "grant group" field is empty. You can set the value of this field to a
   different group, but both fields have to be set to a group for this field to
   have an effect.
     _________________________________________________________________

3.8.5.3. Deleting a Flag

   When you are at the "Administer Flag Types" screen, you will be presented
   with a list of Bug flags and a list of Attachment Flags.

   To delete a flag, click on the "Delete" link next to the flag description.

   Warning

   Once you delete a flag, it is gone from your Bugzilla. All the data for that
   flag will be deleted. Everywhere that flag was set, it will disappear, and
   you cannot get that data back. If you want to keep flag data, but don't want
   anybody to set any new flags or change current flags, unset "active" in the
   flag Edit form.
     _________________________________________________________________

3.9. Keywords

   The administrator can define keywords which can be used to tag and
   categorise bugs. For example, the keyword "regression" is commonly used. A
   company might have a policy stating all regressions must be fixed by the
   next release - this keyword can make tracking those bugs much easier.

   Keywords are global, rather than per-product. If the administrator changes a
   keyword currently applied to any bugs, the keyword cache must be rebuilt
   using the Section 3.16 script. Currently keywords can not be marked obsolete
   to prevent future usage.

   Keywords can be created, edited or deleted by clicking the "Keywords" link
   in the admin page. There are two fields for each keyword - the keyword
   itself and a brief description. Once created, keywords can be selected and
   applied to individual bugs in that bug's "Details" section.
     _________________________________________________________________

3.10. Custom Fields

   The release of Bugzilla 3.0 added the ability to create Custom Fields.
   Custom Fields are treated like any other field - they can be set in bugs and
   used for search queries. Administrators should keep in mind that adding too
   many fields can make the user interface more complicated and harder to use.
   Custom Fields should be added only when necessary and with careful
   consideration.

   Tip

   Before adding a Custom Field, make sure that Bugzilla can not already do the
   desired behavior. Many Bugzilla options are not enabled by default, and many
   times Administrators find that simply enabling certain options that already
   exist is sufficient.

   Administrators can manage Custom Fields using the "Custom Fields" link on
   the Administration page. The Custom Fields administration page displays a
   list of Custom Fields, if any exist, and a link to "Add a new custom field".
     _________________________________________________________________

3.10.1. Adding Custom Fields

   To add a new Custom Field, click the "Add a new custom field" link. This
   page displays several options for the new field, described below.

   The following attributes must be set for each new custom field:

     * Name: The name of the field in the database, used internally. This name
       MUST begin with "cf_" to prevent confusion with standard fields. If this
       string is omitted, it will be automatically added to the name entered.
     * Description: A brief string which is used as the label for this Custom
       Field. That is the string that users will see, and should be short and
       explicit.
     * Type: The type of field to create. There are several types available:

       Large Text Box: A multiple line box for entering free text.
       Free Text: A single line box for entering free text.
   Multiple-Selection Box: A list box where multiple options can be selected.
   After creating this field, it must be edited to add the selection options.
   See Section 3.11.1 for information about editing legal values.
   Drop Down: A list box where only one option can be selected. After creating
   this field, it must be edited to add the selection options. See Section
   3.11.1 for information about editing legal values.
   Date/Time: A date field. This field appears with a calendar widget for
   choosing the date.
     * Sortkey: Integer that determines in which order Custom Fields are
       displayed in the User Interface, especially when viewing a bug. Fields
       with lower values are displayed first.
     * Can be set on bug creation: Boolean that determines whether this field
       can be set on bug creation. If not selected, then a bug must be created
       before this field can be set. See Section 5.6 for information about
       filing bugs.
     * Displayed in bugmail for new bugs: Boolean that determines whether the
       value set on this field should appear in bugmail when the bug is filed.
       This attribute has no effect if the field cannot be set on bug creation.
     * Is obsolete: Boolean that determines whether this field should be
       displayed at all. Obsolete Custom Fields are hidden.
     _________________________________________________________________

3.10.2. Editing Custom Fields

   As soon as a Custom Field is created, its name and type cannot be changed.
   If this field is a drop down menu, its legal values can be set as described
   in Section 3.11.1. All other attributes can be edited as described above.
     _________________________________________________________________

3.10.3. Deleting Custom Fields

   Only custom fields which are marked as obsolete, and which never have been
   used, can be deleted completely (else the integrity of the bug history would
   be compromised). For custom fields marked as obsolete, a "Delete" link will
   appear in the "Action" column. If the custom field has been used in the
   past, the deletion will be rejected. But marking the field as obsolete is
   sufficient to hide it from the user interface entirely.
     _________________________________________________________________

3.11. Legal Values

   Since Bugzilla 2.20 RC1, legal values for Operating Systems, platforms, bug
   priorities and severities can be edited from the User Interface directly.
   This means that it is no longer required to manually edit localconfig.
   Starting with Bugzilla 2.23.3, the list of valid resolutions can be
   customized from the same interface. Since Bugzilla 3.1.1 the list of valid
   bug statuses can be customized as well.
     _________________________________________________________________

3.11.1. Viewing/Editing legal values

   Editing legal values requires "admin" privileges. Select "Legal Values" from
   the Administration page. A list of all fields, both system fields and Custom
   Fields, for which legal values can be edited appears. Click a field name to
   edit its legal values.

   There is no limit to how many values a field can have, but each value must
   be unique to that field. The sortkey is important to display these values in
   the desired order.
     _________________________________________________________________

3.11.2. Deleting legal values

   Legal values from Custom Fields can be deleted, but only if the following
   two conditions are respected:

    1. The value is not used by default for the field.
    2. No bug is currently using this value.

   If any of these conditions is not respected, the value cannot be deleted.
   The only way to delete these values is to reassign bugs to another value and
   to set another value as default for the field.
     _________________________________________________________________

3.12. Bug Status Workflow

   The bug status workflow is no longer hardcoded but can be freely customized
   from the web interface. Only one bug status cannot be renamed nor deleted,
   UNCONFIRMED, but the workflow involving it is free. The configuration page
   displays all existing bug statuses twice, first on the left for bug statuses
   we come from and on the top for bug statuses we move to. If the checkbox is
   checked, then the transition between the two bug statuses is legal, else
   it's forbidden independently of your privileges. The bug status used for the
   "duplicate_or_move_bug_status" parameter must be part of the workflow as
   that is the bug status which will be used when duplicating or moving a bug,
   so it must be available from each bug status.

   When the workflow is set, the "View Current Triggers" link below the table
   lets you set which transitions require a comment from the user.
     _________________________________________________________________

3.13. Voting

   Voting allows users to be given a pot of votes which they can allocate to
   bugs, to indicate that they'd like them fixed. This allows developers to
   gauge user need for a particular enhancement or bugfix. By allowing bugs
   with a certain number of votes to automatically move from "UNCONFIRMED" to
   "NEW", users of the bug system can help high-priority bugs garner attention
   so they don't sit for a long time awaiting triage.

   To modify Voting settings:

    1. Navigate to the "Edit product" screen for the Product you wish to modify
    2. Maximum Votes per person: Setting this field to "0" disables voting.
    3. Maximum Votes a person can put on a single bug: It should probably be
       some number lower than the "Maximum votes per person". Don't set this
       field to "0" if "Maximum votes per person" is non-zero; that doesn't
       make any sense.
    4. Number of votes a bug in this product needs to automatically get out of
       the UNCONFIRMED state: Setting this field to "0" disables the automatic
       move of bugs from UNCONFIRMED to NEW.
    5. Once you have adjusted the values to your preference, click "Update".
     _________________________________________________________________

3.14. Quips

   Quips are small text messages that can be configured to appear next to
   search results. A Bugzilla installation can have its own specific quips.
   Whenever a quip needs to be displayed, a random selection is made from the
   pool of already existing quips.

   Quips are controlled by the enablequips parameter. It has several possible
   values: on, approved, frozen or off. In order to enable quips approval you
   need to set this parameter to "approved". In this way, users are free to
   submit quips for addition but an administrator must explicitly approve them
   before they are actually used.

   In order to see the user interface for the quips, it is enough to click on a
   quip when it is displayed together with the search results. Or it can be
   seen directly in the browser by visiting the quips.cgi URL (prefixed with
   the usual web location of the Bugzilla installation). Once the quip
   interface is displayed, it is enough to click the "view and edit the whole
   quip list" in order to see the administration page. A page with all the
   quips available in the database will be displayed.

   Next to each tip there is a checkbox, under the "Approved" column. Quips who
   have this checkbox checked are already approved and will appear next to the
   search results. The ones that have it unchecked are still preserved in the
   database but they will not appear on search results pages. User submitted
   quips have initially the checkbox unchecked.

   Also, there is a delete link next to each quip, which can be used in order
   to permanently delete a quip.
     _________________________________________________________________

3.15. Groups and Group Security

   Groups allow for separating bugs into logical divisions. Groups are
   typically used to isolate bugs that should only be seen by certain people.
   For example, a company might create a different group for each one of its
   customers or partners. Group permissions could be set so that each partner
   or customer would only have access to their own bugs. Or, groups might be
   used to create variable access controls for different departments within an
   organization. Another common use of groups is to associate groups with
   products, creating isolation and access control on a per-product basis.

   Groups and group behaviors are controlled in several places:

    1. The group configuration page. To view or edit existing groups, or to
       create new groups, access the "Groups" link from the "Administration"
       page. This section of the manual deals primarily with the aspect of
       group controls accessed on this page.
    2. Global configuration parameters. Bugzilla has several parameters that
       control the overall default group behavior and restriction levels. For
       more information on the parameters that control group behavior globally,
       see Section 3.1.9.
    3. Product association with groups. Most of the functionality of groups and
       group security is controlled at the product level. Some aspects of group
       access controls for products are discussed in this section, but for more
       detail see Section 3.4.4.
    4. Group access for users. See Section 3.15.3 for details on how users are
       assigned group access.

   Group permissions are such that if a bug belongs to a group, only members of
   that group can see the bug. If a bug is in more than one group, only members
   of all the groups that the bug is in can see the bug. For information on
   granting read-only access to certain people and full edit access to others,
   see Section 3.4.4.

   Note

   By default, bugs can also be seen by the Assignee, the Reporter, and by
   everyone on the CC List, regardless of whether or not the bug would
   typically be viewable by them. Visibility to the Reporter and CC List can be
   overridden (on a per-bug basis) by bringing up the bug, finding the section
   that starts with "Users in the roles selected below..." and un-checking the
   box next to either 'Reporter' or 'CC List' (or both).
     _________________________________________________________________

3.15.1. Creating Groups

   To create a new group, follow the steps below:

    1. Select the "Administration" link in the page footer, and then select the
       "Groups" link from the Administration page.
    2. A table of all the existing groups is displayed. Below the table is a
       description of all the fields. To create a new group, select the "Add
       Group" link under the table of existing groups.
    3. There are five fields to fill out. These fields are documented below the
       form. Choose a name and description for the group. Decide whether this
       group should be used for bugs (in all likelihood this should be
       selected). Optionally, choose a regular expression that will
       automatically add any matching users to the group, and choose an icon
       that will help identify user comments for the group. The regular
       expression can be useful, for example, to automatically put all users
       from the same company into one group (if the group is for a specific
       customer or partner).

   Note

   If "User RegExp" is filled out, users whose email addresses match the
   regular expression will automatically be members of the group as long as
   their email addresses continue to match the regular expression. If their
   email address changes and no longer matches the regular expression, they
   will be removed from the group. Versions 2.16 and older of Bugzilla did not
   automatically remove users who's email addresses no longer matched the
   RegExp.

   Warning

   If specifying a domain in the regular expression, end the regexp with a "$".
   Otherwise, when granting access to "@mycompany\.com", access will also be
   granted to 'badperson@mycompany.com.cracker.net'. Use the syntax,
   '@mycompany\.com$' for the regular expression.
    4. After the new group is created, it can be edited for additional options.
       The "Edit Group" page allows for specifying other groups that should be
       included in this group and which groups should be permitted to add and
       delete users from this group. For more details, see Section 3.15.2.
     _________________________________________________________________

3.15.2. Editing Groups and Assigning Group Permissions

   To access the "Edit Groups" page, select the "Administration" link in the
   page footer, and then select the "Groups" link from the Administration page.
   A table of all the existing groups is displayed. Click on a group name you
   wish to edit or control permissions for.

   The "Edit Groups" page contains the same five fields present when creating a
   new group. Below that are two additional sections, "Group Permissions," and
   "Mass Remove". The "Mass Remove" option simply removes all users from the
   group who match the regular expression entered. The "Group Permissions"
   section requires further explanation.

   The "Group Permissions" section on the "Edit Groups" page contains four sets
   of permissions that control the relationship of this group to other groups.
   If the 'usevisibilitygroups' parameter is in use (see Section 3.1) two
   additional sets of permissions are displayed. Each set consists of two
   select boxes. On the left, a select box with a list of all existing groups.
   On the right, a select box listing all groups currently selected for this
   permission setting (this box will be empty for new groups). The way these
   controls allow groups to relate to one another is called inheritance. Each
   of the six permissions is described below.

   Groups That Are a Member of This Group
          Members of any groups selected here will automatically have
          membership in this group. In other words, members of any selected
          group will inherit membership in this group.

   Groups That This Group Is a Member Of
          Members of this group will inherit membership to any group selected
          here. For example, suppose the group being edited is an Admin group.
          If there are two products (Product1 and Product2) and each product
          has its own group (Group1 and Group2), and the Admin group should
          have access to both products, simply select both Group1 and Group2
          here.

   Groups That Can Grant Membership in This Group
          The members of any group selected here will be able add users to this
          group, even if they themselves are not in this group.

   Groups That This Group Can Grant Membership In
          Members of this group can add users to any group selected here, even
          if they themselves are not in the selected groups.

   Groups That Can See This Group
          Members of any selected group can see the users in this group. This
          setting is only visible if the 'usevisibilitygroups' parameter is
          enabled on the Bugzilla Configuration page. See Section 3.1 for
          information on configuring Bugzilla.

   Groups That This Group Can See
          Members of this group can see members in any of the selected groups.
          This setting is only visible if the 'usevisibilitygroups' parameter
          is enabled on the the Bugzilla Configuration page. See Section 3.1
          for information on configuring Bugzilla.
     _________________________________________________________________

3.15.3. Assigning Users to Groups

   A User can become a member of a group in several ways:

    1. The user can be explicitly placed in the group by editing the user's
       profile. This can be done by accessing the "Users" page from the
       "Administration" page. Use the search form to find the user you want to
       edit group membership for, and click on their email address in the
       search results to edit their profile. The profile page lists all the
       groups, and indicates if the user is a member of the group either
       directly or indirectly. More information on indirect group membership is
       below. For more details on User administration, see Section 3.2.
    2. The group can include another group of which the user is a member. This
       is indicated by square brackets around the checkbox next to the group
       name in the user's profile. See Section 3.15.2 for details on group
       inheritance.
    3. The user's email address can match the regular expression that has been
       specified to automatically grant membership to the group. This is
       indicated by "*" around the check box by the group name in the user's
       profile. See Section 3.15.1 for details on the regular expression option
       when creating groups.
     _________________________________________________________________

3.15.4. Assigning Group Controls to Products

   The primary functionality of groups is derived from the relationship of
   groups to products. The concepts around segregating access to bugs with
   product group controls can be confusing. For details and examples on this
   topic, see Section 3.4.4.
     _________________________________________________________________

3.16. Checking and Maintaining Database Integrity

   Over time it is possible for the Bugzilla database to become corrupt or to
   have anomalies. This could happen through normal usage of Bugzilla, manual
   database administration outside of the Bugzilla user interface, or from some
   other unexpected event. Bugzilla includes a "Sanity Check" script that can
   perform several basic database checks, and repair certain problems or
   inconsistencies.

   To run the "Sanity Check" script, log in as an Administrator and click the
   "Sanity Check" link in the admin page. Any problems that are found will be
   displayed in red letters. If the script is capable of fixing a problem, it
   will present a link to initiate the fix. If the script can not fix the
   problem it will require manual database administration or recovery.

   The "Sanity Check" script can also be run from the command line via the perl
   script sanitycheck.pl. The script can also be run as a cron job. Results
   will be delivered by email.

   The "Sanity Check" script should be run on a regular basis as a matter of
   best practice.

   Warning

   The "Sanity Check" script is no substitute for a competent database
   administrator. It is only designed to check and repair basic database
   problems.
     _________________________________________________________________

Chapter 4. Bugzilla Security

   While some of the items in this chapter are related to the operating system
   Bugzilla is running on or some of the support software required to run
   Bugzilla, it is all related to protecting your data. This is not intended to
   be a comprehensive guide to securing Linux, Apache, MySQL, or any other
   piece of software mentioned. There is no substitute for active
   administration and monitoring of a machine. The key to good security is
   actually right in the middle of the word: U R It.

   While programmers in general always strive to write secure code, accidents
   can and do happen. The best approach to security is to always assume that
   the program you are working with isn't 100% secure and restrict its access
   to other parts of your machine as much as possible.
     _________________________________________________________________

4.1. Operating System

4.1.1. TCP/IP Ports

   The TCP/IP standard defines more than 65,000 ports for sending and receiving
   traffic. Of those, Bugzilla needs exactly one to operate (different
   configurations and options may require up to 3). You should audit your
   server and make sure that you aren't listening on any ports you don't need
   to be. It's also highly recommended that the server Bugzilla resides on,
   along with any other machines you administer, be placed behind some kind of
   firewall.
     _________________________________________________________________

4.1.2. System User Accounts

   Many daemons, such as Apache's httpd or MySQL's mysqld, run as either "root"
   or "nobody". This is even worse on Windows machines where the majority of
   services run as "SYSTEM". While running as "root" or "SYSTEM" introduces
   obvious security concerns, the problems introduced by running everything as
   "nobody" may not be so obvious. Basically, if you run every daemon as
   "nobody" and one of them gets compromised it can compromise every other
   daemon running as "nobody" on your machine. For this reason, it is
   recommended that you create a user account for each daemon.

   Note

   You will need to set the webservergroup option in localconfig to the group
   your web server runs as. This will allow ./checksetup.pl to set file
   permissions on Unix systems so that nothing is world-writable.
     _________________________________________________________________

4.1.3. The chroot Jail

   If your system supports it, you may wish to consider running Bugzilla inside
   of a chroot jail. This option provides unprecedented security by restricting
   anything running inside the jail from accessing any information outside of
   it. If you wish to use this option, please consult the documentation that
   came with your system.
     _________________________________________________________________

4.2. Web server

4.2.1. Disabling Remote Access to Bugzilla Configuration Files

   There are many files that are placed in the Bugzilla directory area that
   should not be accessible from the web server. Because of the way Bugzilla is
   currently layed out, the list of what should and should not be accessible is
   rather complicated. A quick way is to run testserver.pl to check if your web
   server serves Bugzilla files as expected. If not, you may want to follow the
   few steps below.

   Tip

   Bugzilla ships with the ability to create .htaccess files that enforce these
   rules. Instructions for enabling these directives in Apache can be found in
   Section 2.2.4.1

     * In the main Bugzilla directory, you should:
          + Block: *.pl, *localconfig*
     * In data:
          + Block everything
     * In data/webdot:
          + If you use a remote webdot server:
               o Block everything
               o But allow *.dot only for the remote webdot server
          + Otherwise, if you use a local GraphViz:
               o Block everything
               o But allow: *.png, *.gif, *.jpg, *.map
          + And if you don't use any dot:
               o Block everything
     * In Bugzilla:
          + Block everything
     * In template:
          + Block everything

   Be sure to test that data that should not be accessed remotely is properly
   blocked. Of particular interest is the localconfig file which contains your
   database password. Also, be aware that many editors create temporary and
   backup files in the working directory and that those should also not be
   accessible. For more information, see bug 186383 or Bugtraq ID 6501. To
   test, simply run testserver.pl, as said above.

   Tip

   Be sure to check Section 2.2.4 for instructions specific to the web server
   you use.
     _________________________________________________________________

4.3. Bugzilla

4.3.1. Prevent users injecting malicious Javascript

   If you installed Bugzilla version 2.22 or later from scratch, then the utf8
   parameter is switched on by default. This makes Bugzilla explicitly set the
   character encoding, following a CERT advisory recommending exactly this. The
   following therefore does not apply to you; just keep utf8 turned on.

   If you've upgraded from an older version, then it may be possible for a
   Bugzilla user to take advantage of character set encoding ambiguities to
   inject HTML into Bugzilla comments. This could include malicious scripts.
   This is because due to internationalization concerns, we are unable to turn
   the utf8 parameter on by default for upgraded installations. Turning it on
   manually will prevent this problem.
     _________________________________________________________________

Chapter 5. Using Bugzilla

5.1. Introduction

   This section contains information for end-users of Bugzilla. There is a
   Bugzilla test installation, called Landfill, which you are welcome to play
   with (if it's up). However, not all of the Bugzilla installations there will
   necessarily have all Bugzilla features enabled, and different installations
   run different versions, so some things may not quite work as this document
   describes.

   Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) are available and answered on
   wiki.mozilla.org. They may cover some questions you have which are left
   unanswered.
     _________________________________________________________________

5.2. Create a Bugzilla Account

   If you want to use Bugzilla, first you need to create an account. Consult
   with the administrator responsible for your installation of Bugzilla for the
   URL you should use to access it. If you're test-driving Bugzilla, use this
   URL: http://landfill.bugzilla.org/bugzilla-3.6-branch/.

    1. On the home page index.cgi, click the "Open a new Bugzilla account"
       link, or the "New Account" link available in the footer of pages. Now
       enter your email address, then click the "Send" button.

   Note

   If none of these links is available, this means that the administrator of
   the installation has disabled self-registration. This means that only an
   administrator can create accounts for other users. One reason could be that
   this installation is private.

   Note

   Also, if only some users are allowed to create an account on the
   installation, you may see these links but your registration may fail if your
   email address doesn't match the ones accepted by the installation. This is
   another way to restrict who can access and edit bugs in this installation.
    2. Within moments, and if your registration is accepted, you should receive
       an email to the address you provided, which contains your login name
       (generally the same as the email address), and two URLs with a token (a
       random string generated by the installation) to confirm, respectively
       cancel, your registration. This is a way to prevent users from abusing
       the generation of user accounts, for instance by entering inexistent
       email addresses, or email addresses which do not belong to them.
    3. By default, you have 3 days to confirm your registration. Past this
       timeframe, the token is invalidated and the registration is
       automatically canceled. You can also cancel this registration sooner by
       using the appropriate URL in the email you got.
    4. If you confirm your registration, Bugzilla will ask you your real name
       (optional, but recommended) and your password, which must be between 3
       and 16 characters long.
    5. Now all you need to do is to click the "Log In" link in the footer at
       the bottom of the page in your browser, enter your email address and
       password you just chose into the login form, and click the "Log in"
       button.

   You are now logged in. Bugzilla uses cookies to remember you are logged in
   so, unless you have cookies disabled or your IP address changes, you should
   not have to log in again during your session.
     _________________________________________________________________

5.3. Anatomy of a Bug

   The core of Bugzilla is the screen which displays a particular bug. It's a
   good place to explain some Bugzilla concepts. Bug 1 on Landfill is a good
   example. Note that the labels for most fields are hyperlinks; clicking them
   will take you to context-sensitive help on that particular field. Fields
   marked * may not be present on every installation of Bugzilla.

    1. Product and Component: Bugs are divided up by Product and Component,
       with a Product having one or more Components in it. For example,
       bugzilla.mozilla.org's "Bugzilla" Product is composed of several
       Components:

       Administration: Administration of a Bugzilla installation.
   Bugzilla-General: Anything that doesn't fit in the other components, or
   spans multiple components.
       Creating/Changing Bugs: Creating, changing, and viewing bugs.
       Documentation: The Bugzilla documentation, including The Bugzilla Guide.
       Email: Anything to do with email sent by Bugzilla.
       Installation: The installation process of Bugzilla.
   Query/Buglist: Anything to do with searching for bugs and viewing the
   buglists.
       Reporting/Charting: Getting reports from Bugzilla.
   User Accounts: Anything about managing a user account from the user's
   perspective. Saved queries, creating accounts, changing passwords, logging
   in, etc.
   User Interface: General issues having to do with the user interface
   cosmetics (not functionality) including cosmetic issues, HTML templates,
   etc.
    2. Status and Resolution: These define exactly what state the bug is in -
       from not even being confirmed as a bug, through to being fixed and the
       fix confirmed by Quality Assurance. The different possible values for
       Status and Resolution on your installation should be documented in the
       context-sensitive help for those items.
    3. Assigned To: The person responsible for fixing the bug.
    4. *QA Contact: The person responsible for quality assurance on this bug.
    5. *URL: A URL associated with the bug, if any.
    6. Summary: A one-sentence summary of the problem.
    7. *Status Whiteboard: (a.k.a. Whiteboard) A free-form text area for adding
       short notes and tags to a bug.
    8. *Keywords: The administrator can define keywords which you can use to
       tag and categorise bugs - e.g. The Mozilla Project has keywords like
       crash and regression.
    9. Platform and OS: These indicate the computing environment where the bug
       was found.
   10. Version: The "Version" field is usually used for versions of a product
       which have been released, and is set to indicate which versions of a
       Component have the particular problem the bug report is about.
   11. Priority: The bug assignee uses this field to prioritize his or her
       bugs. It's a good idea not to change this on other people's bugs.
   12. Severity: This indicates how severe the problem is - from blocker
       ("application unusable") to trivial ("minor cosmetic issue"). You can
       also use this field to indicate whether a bug is an enhancement request.
   13. *Target: (a.k.a. Target Milestone) A future version by which the bug is
       to be fixed. e.g. The Bugzilla Project's milestones for future Bugzilla
       versions are 2.18, 2.20, 3.0, etc. Milestones are not restricted to
       numbers, thought - you can use any text strings, such as dates.
   14. Reporter: The person who filed the bug.
   15. CC list: A list of people who get mail when the bug changes.
   16. *Time Tracking: This form can be used for time tracking. To use this
       feature, you have to be blessed group membership specified by the
       "timetrackinggroup" parameter.

       Orig. Est.: This field shows the original estimated time.
   Current Est.: This field shows the current estimated time. This number is
   calculated from "Hours Worked" and "Hours Left".
       Hours Worked: This field shows the number of hours worked.
   Hours Left: This field shows the "Current Est." - "Hours Worked". This value
   + "Hours Worked" will become the new Current Est.
       %Complete: This field shows what percentage of the task is complete.
   Gain: This field shows the number of hours that the bug is ahead of the
   "Orig. Est.".
       Deadline: This field shows the deadline for this bug.
   17. Attachments: You can attach files (e.g. testcases or patches) to bugs.
       If there are any attachments, they are listed in this section.
       Attachments are normally stored in the Bugzilla database, unless they
       are marked as Big Files, which are stored directly on disk.
   18. *Dependencies: If this bug cannot be fixed unless other bugs are fixed
       (depends on), or this bug stops other bugs being fixed (blocks), their
       numbers are recorded here.
   19. *Votes: Whether this bug has any votes.
   20. Additional Comments: You can add your two cents to the bug discussion
       here, if you have something worthwhile to say.
     _________________________________________________________________

5.4. Life Cycle of a Bug

   The life cycle of a bug, also known as workflow, is customizable to match
   the needs of your organization, see Section 3.12. Figure 5-1 contains a
   graphical representation of the default workflow using the default bug
   statuses. If you wish to customize this image for your site, the diagram
   file is available in Dia's native XML format.

   Figure 5-1. Lifecycle of a Bugzilla Bug

   [bzLifecycle.png]
     _________________________________________________________________

5.5. Searching for Bugs

   The Bugzilla Search page is the interface where you can find any bug report,
   comment, or patch currently in the Bugzilla system. You can play with it
   here: http://landfill.bugzilla.org/bugzilla-3.6-branch/query.cgi.

   The Search page has controls for selecting different possible values for all
   of the fields in a bug, as described above. For some fields, multiple values
   can be selected. In those cases, Bugzilla returns bugs where the content of
   the field matches any one of the selected values. If none is selected, then
   the field can take any value.

   After a search is run, you can save it as a Saved Search, which will appear
   in the page footer. If you are in the group defined by the "querysharegroup"
   parameter, you may share your queries with other users, see Saved Searches
   for more details.
     _________________________________________________________________

5.5.1. Boolean Charts

   Highly advanced querying is done using Boolean Charts.

   The boolean charts further restrict the set of results returned by a query.
   It is possible to search for bugs based on elaborate combinations of
   criteria.

   The simplest boolean searches have only one term. These searches permit the
   selected left field to be compared using a selectable operator to a
   specified value. Using the "And," "Or," and "Add Another Boolean Chart"
   buttons, additional terms can be included in the query, further altering the
   list of bugs returned by the query.

   There are three fields in each row of a boolean search.

     * Field: the items being searched
     * Operator: the comparison operator
     * Value: the value to which the field is being compared
     _________________________________________________________________

5.5.1.1. Pronoun Substitution

   Sometimes, a query needs to compare a user-related field (such as
   ReportedBy) with a role-specific user (such as the user running the query or
   the user to whom each bug is assigned). When the operator is either "equals"
   or "notequals", the value can be "%reporter%", "%assignee%", "%qacontact%",
   or "%user%". The user pronoun refers to the user who is executing the query
   or, in the case of whining reports, the user who will be the recipient of
   the report. The reporter, assignee, and qacontact pronouns refer to the
   corresponding fields in the bug.

   Boolean charts also let you type a group name in any user-related field if
   the operator is either "equals", "notequals" or "anyexact". This will let
   you query for any member belonging (or not) to the specified group. The
   group name must be entered following the "%group.foo%" syntax, where "foo"
   is the group name. So if you are looking for bugs reported by any user being
   in the "editbugs" group, then you can type "%group.editbugs%".
     _________________________________________________________________

5.5.1.2. Negation

   At first glance, negation seems redundant. Rather than searching for

     NOT("summary" "contains the string" "foo"),

   one could search for

     ("summary" "does not contain the string" "foo").

   However, the search

     ("CC" "does not contain the string" "@mozilla.org")

   would find every bug where anyone on the CC list did not contain
   "@mozilla.org" while

     NOT("CC" "contains the string" "@mozilla.org")

   would find every bug where there was nobody on the CC list who did contain
   the string. Similarly, the use of negation also permits complex expressions
   to be built using terms OR'd together and then negated. Negation permits
   queries such as

     NOT(("product" "equals" "update") OR ("component" "equals"
     "Documentation"))

   to find bugs that are neither in the update product or in the documentation
   component or

     NOT(("commenter" "equals" "%assignee%") OR ("component" "equals"
     "Documentation"))

   to find non-documentation bugs on which the assignee has never commented.
     _________________________________________________________________

5.5.1.3. Multiple Charts

   The terms within a single row of a boolean chart are all constraints on a
   single piece of data. If you are looking for a bug that has two different
   people cc'd on it, then you need to use two boolean charts. A search for

     ("cc" "contains the string" "foo@") AND ("cc" "contains the string"
     "@mozilla.org")

   would return only bugs with "foo@mozilla.org" on the cc list. If you wanted
   bugs where there is someone on the cc list containing "foo@" and someone
   else containing "@mozilla.org", then you would need two boolean charts.

     First chart: ("cc" "contains the string" "foo@")

     Second chart: ("cc" "contains the string" "@mozilla.org")

   The bugs listed will be only the bugs where ALL the charts are true.
     _________________________________________________________________

5.5.2. Quicksearch

   Quicksearch is a single-text-box query tool which uses metacharacters to
   indicate what is to be searched. For example, typing "foo|bar" into
   Quicksearch would search for "foo" or "bar" in the summary and status
   whiteboard of a bug; adding ":BazProduct" would search only in that product.
   You can use it to find a bug by its number or its alias, too.

   You'll find the Quicksearch box in Bugzilla's footer area. On Bugzilla's
   front page, there is an additional Help link which details how to use it.
     _________________________________________________________________

5.5.3. Case Sensitivity in Searches

   Bugzilla queries are case-insensitive and accent-insensitive, when used with
   either MySQL or Oracle databases. When using Bugzilla with PostgreSQL,
   however, some queries are case-sensitive. This is due to the way PostgreSQL
   handles case and accent sensitivity.
     _________________________________________________________________

5.5.4. Bug Lists

   If you run a search, a list of matching bugs will be returned.

   The format of the list is configurable. For example, it can be sorted by
   clicking the column headings. Other useful features can be accessed using
   the links at the bottom of the list:

   Long Format: this gives you a large page with a non-editable summary of the
   fields of each bug.
   XML: get the buglist in the XML format.
   CSV: get the buglist as comma-separated values, for import into e.g. a
   spreadsheet.
   Feed: get the buglist as an Atom feed. Copy this link into your favorite
   feed reader. If you are using Firefox, you can also save the list as a live
   bookmark by clicking the live bookmark icon in the status bar. To limit the
   number of bugs in the feed, add a limit=n parameter to the URL.
   iCalendar: Get the buglist as an iCalendar file. Each bug is represented as
   a to-do item in the imported calendar.
   Change Columns: change the bug attributes which appear in the list.
   Change several bugs at once: If your account is sufficiently empowered, and
   more than one bug appear in the bug list, this link is displayed which lets
   you make the same change to all the bugs in the list - for example, changing
   their assignee.
   Send mail to bug assignees: If more than one bug appear in the bug list and
   there are at least two distinct bug assignees, this links is displayed which
   lets you easily send a mail to the assignees of all bugs on the list.
   Edit Search: If you didn't get exactly the results you were looking for, you
   can return to the Query page through this link and make small revisions to
   the query you just made so you get more accurate results.
   Remember Search As: You can give a search a name and remember it; a link
   will appear in your page footer giving you quick access to run it again
   later.

   If you would like to access the bug list from another program it is often
   useful to have the list returned in something other than HTML. By adding the
   ctype=type parameter into the bug list URL you can specify several alternate
   formats. Besides the types described above, the following formats are also
   supported: ECMAScript, also known as JavaScript (ctype=js), and Resource
   Description Framework RDF/XML (ctype=rdf).
     _________________________________________________________________

5.5.5. Adding/removing tags to/from bugs

   You can add and remove tags from individual bugs, which let you find and
   manage them more easily. Creating a new tag automatically generates a saved
   search - whose name is the name of the tag - which lists bugs with this tag.
   This saved search will be displayed in the footer of pages by default, as
   all other saved searches. The main difference between tags and normal saved
   searches is that saved searches, as described in the previous section, are
   stored in the form of a list of matching criteria, while the saved search
   generated by tags is a list of bug numbers. Consequently, you can easily
   edit this list by either adding or removing tags from bugs. To enable this
   feature, you have to turn on the "Enable tags for bugs" user preference, see
   Section 5.10. This feature is disabled by default.

   This feature is useful when you want to keep track of several bugs, but for
   different reasons. Instead of adding yourself to the CC list of all these
   bugs and mixing all these reasons, you can now store these bugs in separate
   lists, e.g. "Keep in mind", "Interesting bugs", or "Triage". One big
   advantage of this way to manage bugs is that you can easily add or remove
   bugs one by one, which is not possible to do with saved searches without
   having to edit the search criteria again.
     _________________________________________________________________

5.6. Filing Bugs

5.6.1. Reporting a New Bug

   Years of bug writing experience has been distilled for your reading pleasure
   into the Bug Writing Guidelines. While some of the advice is
   Mozilla-specific, the basic principles of reporting Reproducible, Specific
   bugs, isolating the Product you are using, the Version of the Product, the
   Component which failed, the Hardware Platform, and Operating System you were
   using at the time of the failure go a long way toward ensuring accurate,
   responsible fixes for the bug that bit you.

   The procedure for filing a bug is as follows:

    1. Click the "New" link available in the footer of pages, or the "Enter a
       new bug report" link displayed on the home page of the Bugzilla
       installation.

       Note

   If you want to file a test bug to see how Bugzilla works, you can do it on
   one of our test installations on Landfill.
    2. You first have to select the product in which you found a bug.
    3. You now see a form where you can specify the component (part of the
       product which is affected by the bug you discovered; if you have no
       idea, just select "General" if such a component exists), the version of
       the program you were using, the Operating System and platform your
       program is running on and the severity of the bug (if the bug you found
       crashes the program, it's probably a major or a critical bug; if it's a
       typo somewhere, that's something pretty minor; if it's something you
       would like to see implemented, then that's an enhancement).
    4. You now have to give a short but descriptive summary of the bug you
       found. "My program is crashing all the time" is a very poor summary and
       doesn't help developers at all. Try something more meaningful or your
       bug will probably be ignored due to a lack of precision. The next step
       is to give a very detailed list of steps to reproduce the problem you
       encountered. Try to limit these steps to a minimum set required to
       reproduce the problem. This will make the life of developers easier, and
       the probability that they consider your bug in a reasonable timeframe
       will be much higher.

   Note

   Try to make sure that everything in the summary is also in the first
   comment. Summaries are often updated and this will ensure your original
   information is easily accessible.
    5. As you file the bug, you can also attach a document (testcase, patch, or
       screenshot of the problem).
    6. Depending on the Bugzilla installation you are using and the product in
       which you are filing the bug, you can also request developers to
       consider your bug in different ways (such as requesting review for the
       patch you just attached, requesting your bug to block the next release
       of the product, and many other product specific requests).
    7. Now is a good time to read your bug report again. Remove all
       misspellings, otherwise your bug may not be found by developers running
       queries for some specific words, and so your bug would not get any
       attention. Also make sure you didn't forget any important information
       developers should know in order to reproduce the problem, and make sure
       your description of the problem is explicit and clear enough. When you
       think your bug report is ready to go, the last step is to click the
       "Commit" button to add your report into the database.

   You do not need to put "any" or similar strings in the URL field. If there
   is no specific URL associated with the bug, leave this field blank.

   If you feel a bug you filed was incorrectly marked as a DUPLICATE of
   another, please question it in your bug, not the bug it was duped to. Feel
   free to CC the person who duped it if they are not already CCed.
     _________________________________________________________________

5.6.2. Clone an Existing Bug

   Starting with version 2.20, Bugzilla has a feature that allows you to clone
   an existing bug. The newly created bug will inherit most settings from the
   old bug. This allows you to track more easily similar concerns in a new bug.
   To use this, go to the bug that you want to clone, then click the "Clone
   This Bug" link on the bug page. This will take you to the "Enter Bug" page
   that is filled with the values that the old bug has. You can change those
   values and/or texts if needed.
     _________________________________________________________________

5.7. Attachments

   You should use attachments, rather than comments, for large chunks of ASCII
   data, such as trace, debugging output files, or log files. That way, it
   doesn't bloat the bug for everyone who wants to read it, and cause people to
   receive fat, useless mails.

   You should make sure to trim screenshots. There's no need to show the whole
   screen if you are pointing out a single-pixel problem.

   Bugzilla stores and uses a Content-Type for each attachment (e.g.
   text/html). To download an attachment as a different Content-Type (e.g.
   application/xhtml+xml), you can override this using a 'content_type'
   parameter on the URL, e.g. &content_type=text/plain.

   If you have a really large attachment, something that does not need to be
   recorded forever (as most attachments are), or something that is too big for
   your database, you can mark your attachment as a "Big File", assuming the
   administrator of the installation has enabled this feature. Big Files are
   stored directly on disk instead of in the database. The maximum size of a
   "Big File" is normally larger than the maximum size of a regular attachment.
   Independently of the storage system used, an administrator can delete these
   attachments at any time. Nevertheless, if these files are stored in the
   database, the "allow_attachment_deletion" parameter (which is turned off by
   default) must be enabled in order to delete them.

   Also, if the administrator turned on the "allow_attach_url" parameter, you
   can enter the URL pointing to the attachment instead of uploading the
   attachment itself. For example, this is useful if you want to point to an
   external application, a website or a very large file. Note that there is no
   guarantee that the source file will always be available, nor that its
   content will remain unchanged.
     _________________________________________________________________

5.7.1. Patch Viewer

   Viewing and reviewing patches in Bugzilla is often difficult due to lack of
   context, improper format and the inherent readability issues that raw
   patches present. Patch Viewer is an enhancement to Bugzilla designed to fix
   that by offering increased context, linking to sections, and integrating
   with Bonsai, LXR and CVS.

   Patch viewer allows you to:

   View patches in color, with side-by-side view rather than trying to
   interpret the contents of the patch.
   See the difference between two patches.
   Get more context in a patch.
   Collapse and expand sections of a patch for easy reading.
   Link to a particular section of a patch for discussion or review
   Go to Bonsai or LXR to see more context, blame, and cross-references for the
   part of the patch you are looking at
   Create a rawtext unified format diff out of any patch, no matter what format
   it came from
     _________________________________________________________________

5.7.1.1. Viewing Patches in Patch Viewer

   The main way to view a patch in patch viewer is to click on the "Diff" link
   next to a patch in the Attachments list on a bug. You may also do this
   within the edit window by clicking the "View Attachment As Diff" button in
   the Edit Attachment screen.
     _________________________________________________________________

5.7.1.2. Seeing the Difference Between Two Patches

   To see the difference between two patches, you must first view the newer
   patch in Patch Viewer. Then select the older patch from the dropdown at the
   top of the page ("Differences between [dropdown] and this patch") and click
   the "Diff" button. This will show you what is new or changed in the newer
   patch.
     _________________________________________________________________

5.7.1.3. Getting More Context in a Patch

   To get more context in a patch, you put a number in the textbox at the top
   of Patch Viewer ("Patch / File / [textbox]") and hit enter. This will give
   you that many lines of context before and after each change. Alternatively,
   you can click on the "File" link there and it will show each change in the
   full context of the file. This feature only works against files that were
   diffed using "cvs diff".
     _________________________________________________________________

5.7.1.4. Collapsing and Expanding Sections of a Patch

   To view only a certain set of files in a patch (for example, if a patch is
   absolutely huge and you want to only review part of it at a time), you can
   click the "(+)" and "(-)" links next to each file (to expand it or collapse
   it). If you want to collapse all files or expand all files, you can click
   the "Collapse All" and "Expand All" links at the top of the page.
     _________________________________________________________________

5.7.1.5. Linking to a Section of a Patch

   To link to a section of a patch (for example, if you want to be able to give
   someone a URL to show them which part you are talking about) you simply
   click the "Link Here" link on the section header. The resulting URL can be
   copied and used in discussion.
     _________________________________________________________________

5.7.1.6. Going to Bonsai and LXR

   To go to Bonsai to get blame for the lines you are interested in, you can
   click the "Lines XX-YY" link on the section header you are interested in.
   This works even if the patch is against an old version of the file, since
   Bonsai stores all versions of the file.

   To go to LXR, you click on the filename on the file header (unfortunately,
   since LXR only does the most recent version, line numbers are likely to
   rot).
     _________________________________________________________________

5.7.1.7. Creating a Unified Diff

   If the patch is not in a format that you like, you can turn it into a
   unified diff format by clicking the "Raw Unified" link at the top of the
   page.
     _________________________________________________________________

5.8. Hints and Tips

   This section distills some Bugzilla tips and best practices that have been
   developed.
     _________________________________________________________________

5.8.1. Autolinkification

   Bugzilla comments are plain text - so typing <U> will produce less-than, U,
   greater-than rather than underlined text. However, Bugzilla will
   automatically make hyperlinks out of certain sorts of text in comments. For
   example, the text "http://www.bugzilla.org" will be turned into a link:
   http://www.bugzilla.org. Other strings which get linkified in the obvious
   manner are:

   bug 12345
   comment 7
   bug 23456, comment 53
   attachment 4321
   mailto:george@example.com
   george@example.com
   ftp://ftp.mozilla.org
   Most other sorts of URL

   A corollary here is that if you type a bug number in a comment, you should
   put the word "bug" before it, so it gets autolinkified for the convenience
   of others.
     _________________________________________________________________

5.8.2. Comments

   If you are changing the fields on a bug, only comment if either you have
   something pertinent to say, or Bugzilla requires it. Otherwise, you may spam
   people unnecessarily with bug mail. To take an example: a user can set up
   their account to filter out messages where someone just adds themselves to
   the CC field of a bug (which happens a lot.) If you come along, add yourself
   to the CC field, and add a comment saying "Adding self to CC", then that
   person gets a pointless piece of mail they would otherwise have avoided.

   Don't use sigs in comments. Signing your name ("Bill") is acceptable, if you
   do it out of habit, but full mail/news-style four line ASCII art creations
   are not.
     _________________________________________________________________

5.8.3. Server-Side Comment Wrapping

   Bugzilla stores comments unwrapped and wraps them at display time. This
   ensures proper wrapping in all browsers. Lines beginning with the ">"
   character are assumed to be quotes, and are not wrapped.
     _________________________________________________________________

5.8.4. Dependency Tree

   On the "Dependency tree" page linked from each bug page, you can see the
   dependency relationship from the bug as a tree structure.

   You can change how much depth to show, and you can hide resolved bugs from
   this page. You can also collaps/expand dependencies for each bug on the tree
   view, using the [-]/[+] buttons that appear before its summary. This option
   is not available for terminal bugs in the tree (that don't have further
   dependencies).
     _________________________________________________________________

5.9. Time Tracking Information

   Users who belong to the group specified by the "timetrackinggroup" parameter
   have access to time-related fields. Developers can see deadlines and
   estimated times to fix bugs, and can provide time spent on these bugs.

   At any time, a summary of the time spent by developers on bugs is accessible
   either from bug lists when clicking the "Time Summary" button or from
   individual bugs when clicking the "Summarize time" link in the time tracking
   table. The summarize_time.cgi page lets you view this information either per
   developer or per bug, and can be split on a month basis to have greater
   details on how time is spent by developers.

   As soon as a bug is marked as RESOLVED, the remaining time expected to fix
   the bug is set to zero. This lets QA people set it again for their own
   usage, and it will be set to zero again when the bug will be marked as
   CLOSED.
     _________________________________________________________________

5.10. User Preferences

   Once logged in, you can customize various aspects of Bugzilla via the
   "Preferences" link in the page footer. The preferences are split into five
   tabs:
     _________________________________________________________________

5.10.1. General Preferences

   This tab allows you to change several default settings of Bugzilla.

     * Bugzilla's general appearance (skin) - select which skin to use.
       Bugzilla supports adding custom skins.
     * Quote the associated comment when you click on its reply link - sets the
       behavior of the comment "Reply" link. Options include quoting the full
       comment, just reference the comment number, or turn the link off.
     * Language used in email - select which language email will be sent in,
       from the list of available languages.
     * After changing a bug - This controls what page is displayed after
       changes to a bug are submitted. The options include to show the bug just
       modified, to show the next bug in your list, or to do nothing.
     * Enable tags for bugs - turn bug tagging on or off.
     * Zoom textareas large when in use (requires JavaScript) - enable or
       disable the automatic expanding of text areas when text is being entered
       into them.
     * Field separator character for CSV files - Select between a comma and
       semi-colon for exported CSV bug lists.
     * Automatically add me to the CC list of bugs I change - set default
       behavior of CC list. Options include "Always", "Never", and "Only if I
       have no role on them".
     * When viewing a bug, show comments in this order - controls the order of
       comments. Options include "Oldest to Newest", "Newest to Oldest" and
       "Newest to Oldest, but keep the bug description at the top".
     * Show a quip at the top of each bug list - controls whether a quip will
       be shown on the Bug list page.
     _________________________________________________________________

5.10.2. Email Preferences

   This tab allows you to enable or disable email notification on specific
   events.

   In general, users have almost complete control over how much (or how little)
   email Bugzilla sends them. If you want to receive the maximum amount of
   email possible, click the "Enable All Mail" button. If you don't want to
   receive any email from Bugzilla at all, click the "Disable All Mail" button.

   Note

   A Bugzilla administrator can stop a user from receiving bugmail by clicking
   the "Bugmail Disabled" checkbox when editing the user account. This is a
   drastic step best taken only for disabled accounts, as it overrides the
   user's individual mail preferences.

   There are two global options -- "Email me when someone asks me to set a
   flag" and "Email me when someone sets a flag I asked for". These define how
   you want to receive bugmail with regards to flags. Their use is quite
   straightforward; enable the checkboxes if you want Bugzilla to send you mail
   under either of the above conditions.

   If you'd like to set your bugmail to something besides 'Completely ON' and
   'Completely OFF', the "Field/recipient specific options" table allows you to
   do just that. The rows of the table define events that can happen to a bug
   -- things like attachments being added, new comments being made, the
   priority changing, etc. The columns in the table define your relationship
   with the bug:

     * Reporter - Where you are the person who initially reported the bug. Your
       name/account appears in the "Reporter:" field.
     * Assignee - Where you are the person who has been designated as the one
       responsible for the bug. Your name/account appears in the "Assigned To:"
       field of the bug.
     * QA Contact - You are one of the designated QA Contacts for the bug. Your
       account appears in the "QA Contact:" text-box of the bug.
     * CC - You are on the list CC List for the bug. Your account appears in
       the "CC:" text box of the bug.
     * Voter - You have placed one or more votes for the bug. Your account
       appears only if someone clicks on the "Show votes for this bug" link on
       the bug.

   Note

   Some columns may not be visible for your installation, depending on your
   site's configuration.

   To fine-tune your bugmail, decide the events for which you want to receive
   bugmail; then decide if you want to receive it all the time (enable the
   checkbox for every column), or only when you have a certain relationship
   with a bug (enable the checkbox only for those columns). For example: if you
   didn't want to receive mail when someone added themselves to the CC list,
   you could uncheck all the boxes in the "CC Field Changes" line. As another
   example, if you never wanted to receive email on bugs you reported unless
   the bug was resolved, you would un-check all boxes in the "Reporter" column
   except for the one on the "The bug is resolved or verified" row.

   Note

   Bugzilla adds the "X-Bugzilla-Reason" header to all bugmail it sends,
   describing the recipient's relationship (AssignedTo, Reporter, QAContact,
   CC, or Voter) to the bug. This header can be used to do further client-side
   filtering.

   Bugzilla has a feature called "Users Watching". When you enter one or more
   comma-delineated user accounts (usually email addresses) into the text entry
   box, you will receive a copy of all the bugmail those users are sent
   (security settings permitting). This powerful functionality enables seamless
   transitions as developers change projects or users go on holiday.

   Note

   The ability to watch other users may not be available in all Bugzilla
   installations. If you don't see this feature, and feel that you need it,
   speak to your administrator.

   Each user listed in the "Users watching you" field has you listed in their
   "Users to watch" list and can get bugmail according to your relationship to
   the bug and their "Field/recipient specific options" setting.
     _________________________________________________________________

5.10.3. Saved Searches

   On this tab you can view and run any Saved Searches that you have created,
   and also any Saved Searches that other members of the group defined in the
   "querysharegroup" parameter have shared. Saved Searches can be added to the
   page footer from this screen. If somebody is sharing a Search with a group
   she or he is allowed to assign users to, the sharer may opt to have the
   Search show up in the footer of the group's direct members by default.
     _________________________________________________________________

5.10.4. Name and Password

   On this tab, you can change your basic account information, including your
   password, email address and real name. For security reasons, in order to
   change anything on this page you must type your current password into the
   "Password" field at the top of the page. If you attempt to change your email
   address, a confirmation email is sent to both the old and new addresses,
   with a link to use to confirm the change. This helps to prevent account
   hijacking.
     _________________________________________________________________

5.10.5. Permissions

   This is a purely informative page which outlines your current permissions on
   this installation of Bugzilla.

   A complete list of permissions is below. Only users with editusers
   privileges can change the permissions of other users.

   admin
          Indicates user is an Administrator.

   bz_canusewhineatothers
          Indicates user can configure whine reports for other users.

   bz_canusewhines
          Indicates user can configure whine reports for self.

   bz_sudoers
          Indicates user can perform actions as other users.

   bz_sudo_protect
          Indicates user can not be impersonated by other users.

   canconfirm
          Indicates user can confirm a bug or mark it a duplicate.

   creategroups
          Indicates user can create and destroy groups.

   editbugs
          Indicates user can edit all bug fields.

   editclassifications
          Indicates user can create, destroy, and edit classifications.

   editcomponents
          Indicates user can create, destroy, and edit components.

   editkeywords
          Indicates user can create, destroy, and edit keywords.

   editusers
          Indicates user can edit or disable users.

   tweakparams
          Indicates user can change Parameters.

   Note

   For more information on how permissions work in Bugzilla (i.e. who can
   change what), see Section 6.4.
     _________________________________________________________________

5.11. Reports and Charts

   As well as the standard buglist, Bugzilla has two more ways of viewing sets
   of bugs. These are the reports (which give different views of the current
   state of the database) and charts (which plot the changes in particular sets
   of bugs over time.)
     _________________________________________________________________

5.11.1. Reports

   A report is a view of the current state of the bug database.

   You can run either an HTML-table-based report, or a graphical
   line/pie/bar-chart-based one. The two have different pages to define them,
   but are close cousins - once you've defined and viewed a report, you can
   switch between any of the different views of the data at will.

   Both report types are based on the idea of defining a set of bugs using the
   standard search interface, and then choosing some aspect of that set to plot
   on the horizontal and/or vertical axes. You can also get a form of
   3-dimensional report by choosing to have multiple images or tables.

   So, for example, you could use the search form to choose "all bugs in the
   WorldControl product", and then plot their severity against their component
   to see which component had had the largest number of bad bugs reported
   against it.

   Once you've defined your parameters and hit "Generate Report", you can
   switch between HTML, CSV, Bar, Line and Pie. (Note: Pie is only available if
   you didn't define a vertical axis, as pie charts don't have one.) The other
   controls are fairly self-explanatory; you can change the size of the image
   if you find text is overwriting other text, or the bars are too thin to see.
     _________________________________________________________________

5.11.2. Charts

   A chart is a view of the state of the bug database over time.

   Bugzilla currently has two charting systems - Old Charts and New Charts. Old
   Charts have been part of Bugzilla for a long time; they chart each status
   and resolution for each product, and that's all. They are deprecated, and
   going away soon - we won't say any more about them. New Charts are the
   future - they allow you to chart anything you can define as a search.

   Note

   Both charting forms require the administrator to set up the data-gathering
   script. If you can't see any charts, ask them whether they have done so.

   An individual line on a chart is called a data set. All data sets are
   organised into categories and subcategories. The data sets that Bugzilla
   defines automatically use the Product name as a Category and Component names
   as Subcategories, but there is no need for you to follow that naming scheme
   with your own charts if you don't want to.

   Data sets may be public or private. Everyone sees public data sets in the
   list, but only their creator sees private data sets. Only administrators can
   make data sets public. No two data sets, even two private ones, can have the
   same set of category, subcategory and name. So if you are creating private
   data sets, one idea is to have the Category be your username.
     _________________________________________________________________

5.11.2.1. Creating Charts

   You create a chart by selecting a number of data sets from the list, and
   pressing Add To List for each. In the List Of Data Sets To Plot, you can
   define the label that data set will have in the chart's legend, and also ask
   Bugzilla to Sum a number of data sets (e.g. you could Sum data sets
   representing RESOLVED, VERIFIED and CLOSED in a particular product to get a
   data set representing all the resolved bugs in that product.)

   If you've erroneously added a data set to the list, select it using the
   checkbox and click Remove. Once you add more than one data set, a "Grand
   Total" line automatically appears at the bottom of the list. If you don't
   want this, simply remove it as you would remove any other line.

   You may also choose to plot only over a certain date range, and to cumulate
   the results - that is, to plot each one using the previous one as a
   baseline, so the top line gives a sum of all the data sets. It's easier to
   try than to explain :-)

   Once a data set is in the list, one can also perform certain actions on it.
   For example, one can edit the data set's parameters (name, frequency etc.)
   if it's one you created or if you are an administrator.

   Once you are happy, click Chart This List to see the chart.
     _________________________________________________________________

5.11.2.2. Creating New Data Sets

   You may also create new data sets of your own. To do this, click the "create
   a new data set" link on the Create Chart page. This takes you to a
   search-like interface where you can define the search that Bugzilla will
   plot. At the bottom of the page, you choose the category, sub-category and
   name of your new data set.

   If you have sufficient permissions, you can make the data set public, and
   reduce the frequency of data collection to less than the default seven days.
     _________________________________________________________________

5.12. Flags

   A flag is a kind of status that can be set on bugs or attachments to
   indicate that the bugs/attachments are in a certain state. Each installation
   can define its own set of flags that can be set on bugs or attachments.

   If your installation has defined a flag, you can set or unset that flag, and
   if your administrator has enabled requesting of flags, you can submit a
   request for another user to set the flag.

   To set a flag, select either "+" or "-" from the drop-down menu next to the
   name of the flag in the "Flags" list. The meaning of these values are
   flag-specific and thus cannot be described in this documentation, but by way
   of example, setting a flag named "review" to "+" may indicate that the
   bug/attachment has passed review, while setting it to "-" may indicate that
   the bug/attachment has failed review.

   To unset a flag, click its drop-down menu and select the blank value. Note
   that marking an attachment as obsolete automatically cancels all pending
   requests for the attachment.

   If your administrator has enabled requests for a flag, request a flag by
   selecting "?" from the drop-down menu and then entering the username of the
   user you want to set the flag in the text field next to the menu.

   A set flag appears in bug reports and on "edit attachment" pages with the
   abbreviated username of the user who set the flag prepended to the flag
   name. For example, if Jack sets a "review" flag to "+", it appears as Jack:
   review [ + ]

   A requested flag appears with the user who requested the flag prepended to
   the flag name and the user who has been requested to set the flag appended
   to the flag name within parentheses. For example, if Jack asks Jill for
   review, it appears as Jack: review [ ? ] (Jill).

   You can browse through open requests made of you and by you by selecting 'My
   Requests' from the footer. You can also look at open requests limited by
   other requesters, requestees, products, components, and flag names from this
   page. Note that you can use '-' for requestee to specify flags with 'no
   requestee' set.
     _________________________________________________________________

5.13. Whining

   Whining is a feature in Bugzilla that can regularly annoy users at specified
   times. Using this feature, users can execute saved searches at specific
   times (i.e. the 15th of the month at midnight) or at regular intervals (i.e.
   every 15 minutes on Sundays). The results of the searches are sent to the
   user, either as a single email or as one email per bug, along with some
   descriptive text.

   Warning

   Throughout this section it will be assumed that all users are members of the
   bz_canusewhines group, membership in which is required in order to use the
   Whining system. You can easily make all users members of the bz_canusewhines
   group by setting the User RegExp to ".*" (without the quotes).

   Also worth noting is the bz_canusewhineatothers group. Members of this group
   can create whines for any user or group in Bugzilla using a extended form of
   the whining interface. Features only available to members of the
   bz_canusewhineatothers group will be noted in the appropriate places.

   Note

   For whining to work, a special Perl script must be executed at regular
   intervals. More information on this is available in Section 2.3.3.

   Note

   This section does not cover the whineatnews.pl script. See Section 2.3.2 for
   more information on The Whining Cron.
     _________________________________________________________________

5.13.1. The Event

   The whining system defines an "Event" as one or more queries being executed
   at regular intervals, with the results of said queries (if there are any)
   being emailed to the user. Events are created by clicking on the "Add new
   event" button.

   Once a new event is created, the first thing to set is the "Email subject
   line". The contents of this field will be used in the subject line of every
   email generated by this event. In addition to setting a subject, space is
   provided to enter some descriptive text that will be included at the top of
   each message (to help you in understanding why you received the email in the
   first place).

   The next step is to specify when the Event is to be run (the Schedule) and
   what searches are to be performed (the Searches).
     _________________________________________________________________

5.13.2. Whining Schedule

   Each whining event is associated with zero or more schedules. A schedule is
   used to specify when the query (specified below) is to be run. A new event
   starts out with no schedules (which means it will never run, as it is not
   scheduled to run). To add a schedule, press the "Add a new schedule" button.

   Each schedule includes an interval, which you use to tell Bugzilla when the
   event should be run. An event can be run on certain days of the week,
   certain days of the month, during weekdays (defined as Monday through
   Friday), or every day.

   Warning

   Be careful if you set your event to run on the 29th, 30th, or 31st of the
   month, as your event may not run exactly when expected. If you want your
   event to run on the last day of the month, select "Last day of the month" as
   the interval.

   Once you have specified the day(s) on which the event is to be run, you
   should now specify the time at which the event is to be run. You can have
   the event run at a certain hour on the specified day(s), or every hour,
   half-hour, or quarter-hour on the specified day(s).

   If a single schedule does not execute an event as many times as you would
   want, you can create another schedule for the same event. For example, if
   you want to run an event on days whose numbers are divisible by seven, you
   would need to add four schedules to the event, setting the schedules to run
   on the 7th, 14th, 21st, and 28th (one day per schedule) at whatever time (or
   times) you choose.

   Note

   If you are a member of the bz_canusewhineatothers group, then you will be
   presented with another option: "Mail to". Using this you can control who
   will receive the emails generated by this event. You can choose to send the
   emails to a single user (identified by email address) or a single group
   (identified by group name). To send to multiple users or groups, create a
   new schedule for each additional user/group.
     _________________________________________________________________

5.13.3. Whining Searches

   Each whining event is associated with zero or more searches. A search is any
   saved search to be run as part of the specified schedule (see above). You
   start out without any searches associated with the event (which means that
   the event will not run, as there will never be any results to return). To
   add a search, press the "Include search" button.

   The first field to examine in your newly added search is the Sort field.
   Searches are run, and results included, in the order specified by the Sort
   field. Searches with smaller Sort values will run before searches with
   bigger Sort values.

   The next field to examine is the Search field. This is where you choose the
   actual search that is to be run. Instead of defining search parameters here,
   you are asked to choose from the list of saved searches (the same list that
   appears at the bottom of every Bugzilla page). You are only allowed to
   choose from searches that you have saved yourself (the default saved search,
   "My Bugs", is not a valid choice). If you do not have any saved searches,
   you can take this opportunity to create one (see Section 5.5.4).

   Note

   When running queries, the whining system acts as if you are the user
   executing the query. This means that the whining system will ignore bugs
   that match your query, but that you can not access.

   Once you have chosen the saved search to be executed, give the query a
   descriptive title. This title will appear in the email, above the results of
   the query. If you choose "One message per bug", the query title will appear
   at the top of each email that contains a bug matching your query.

   Finally, decide if the results of the query should be sent in a single
   email, or if each bug should appear in its own email.

   Warning

   Think carefully before checking the "One message per bug" box. If you create
   a query that matches thousands of bugs, you will receive thousands of
   emails!
     _________________________________________________________________

5.13.4. Saving Your Changes

   Once you have defined at least one schedule, and created at least one query,
   go ahead and "Update/Commit". This will save your Event and make it
   available for immediate execution.

   Note

   If you ever feel like deleting your event, you may do so using the "Remove
   Event" button in the upper-right corner of each Event. You can also modify
   an existing event, so long as you "Update/Commit" after completing your
   modifications.
     _________________________________________________________________

Chapter 6. Customizing Bugzilla

6.1. Bugzilla Extensions

   One of the best ways to customize Bugzilla is by writing a Bugzilla
   Extension. Bugzilla Extensions let you modify both the code and UI of
   Bugzilla in a way that can be distributed to other Bugzilla users and ported
   forward to future versions of Bugzilla with minimal effort.

   See the Bugzilla Extension documentation for information on how to write an
   Extension.
     _________________________________________________________________

6.2. Custom Skins

   Bugzilla allows you to have multiple skins. These are custom CSS and
   possibly also custom images for Bugzilla. To create a new custom skin, you
   have two choices:

     * Make a single CSS file, and put it in the skins/contrib directory.
     * Make a directory that contains all the same CSS file names as
       skins/standard/, and put your directory in skins/contrib/.

   After you put the file or the directory there, make sure to run
   checksetup.pl so that it can reset the file permissions correctly.

   After you have installed the new skin, it will show up as an option in the
   user's General Preferences. If you would like to force a particular skin on
   all users, just select it in the Default Preferences and then uncheck
   "Enabled" on the preference.
     _________________________________________________________________

6.3. Template Customization

   Administrators can configure the look and feel of Bugzilla without having to
   edit Perl files or face the nightmare of massive merge conflicts when they
   upgrade to a newer version in the future.

   Templatization also makes localized versions of Bugzilla possible, for the
   first time. It's possible to have Bugzilla's UI language determined by the
   user's browser. More information is available in Section 6.3.6.
     _________________________________________________________________

6.3.1. Template Directory Structure

   The template directory structure starts with top level directory named
   template, which contains a directory for each installed localization. The
   next level defines the language used in the templates. Bugzilla comes with
   English templates, so the directory name is en, and we will discuss
   template/en throughout the documentation. Below template/en is the default
   directory, which contains all the standard templates shipped with Bugzilla.

   Warning

   A directory data/templates also exists; this is where Template Toolkit puts
   the compiled versions of the templates from either the default or custom
   directories. Do not directly edit the files in this directory, or all your
   changes will be lost the next time Template Toolkit recompiles the
   templates.
     _________________________________________________________________

6.3.2. Choosing a Customization Method

   If you want to edit Bugzilla's templates, the first decision you must make
   is how you want to go about doing so. There are two choices, and which you
   use depends mainly on the scope of your modifications, and the method you
   plan to use to upgrade Bugzilla.

   The first method of making customizations is to directly edit the templates
   found in template/en/default. This is probably the best way to go about it
   if you are going to be upgrading Bugzilla through CVS, because if you then
   execute a cvs update, any changes you have made will be merged automagically
   with the updated versions.

   Note

   If you use this method, and CVS conflicts occur during an update, the
   conflicted templates (and possibly other parts of your installation) will
   not work until they are resolved.

   The second method is to copy the templates to be modified into a mirrored
   directory structure under template/en/custom. Templates in this directory
   structure automatically override any identically-named and
   identically-located templates in the default directory.

   Note

   The custom directory does not exist at first and must be created if you want
   to use it.

   The second method of customization should be used if you use the overwriting
   method of upgrade, because otherwise your changes will be lost. This method
   may also be better if you are using the CVS method of upgrading and are
   going to make major changes, because it is guaranteed that the contents of
   this directory will not be touched during an upgrade, and you can then
   decide whether to continue using your own templates, or make the effort to
   merge your changes into the new versions by hand.

   Using this method, your installation may break if incompatible changes are
   made to the template interface. Such changes should be documented in the
   release notes, provided you are using a stable release of Bugzilla. If you
   use using unstable code, you will need to deal with this one yourself,
   although if possible the changes will be mentioned before they occur in the
   deprecations section of the previous stable release's release notes.

   Note

   Regardless of which method you choose, it is recommended that you run
   ./checksetup.pl after editing any templates in the template/en/default
   directory, and after creating or editing any templates in the custom
   directory.

   Warning

   It is required that you run ./checksetup.pl after creating a new template in
   the custom directory. Failure to do so will raise an incomprehensible error
   message.
     _________________________________________________________________

6.3.3. How To Edit Templates

   Note

   If you are making template changes that you intend on submitting back for
   inclusion in standard Bugzilla, you should read the relevant sections of the
   Developers' Guide.

   The syntax of the Template Toolkit language is beyond the scope of this
   guide. It's reasonably easy to pick up by looking at the current templates;
   or, you can read the manual, available on the Template Toolkit home page.

   One thing you should take particular care about is the need to properly HTML
   filter data that has been passed into the template. This means that if the
   data can possibly contain special HTML characters such as <, and the data
   was not intended to be HTML, they need to be converted to entity form, i.e.
   &lt;. You use the 'html' filter in the Template Toolkit to do this. If you
   forget, you may open up your installation to cross-site scripting attacks.

   Also note that Bugzilla adds a few filters of its own, that are not in
   standard Template Toolkit. In particular, the 'url_quote' filter can convert
   characters that are illegal or have special meaning in URLs, such as &, to
   the encoded form, i.e. %26. This actually encodes most characters (but not
   the common ones such as letters and numbers and so on), including the
   HTML-special characters, so there's never a need to HTML filter afterwards.

   Editing templates is a good way of doing a "poor man's custom fields". For
   example, if you don't use the Status Whiteboard, but want to have a
   free-form text entry box for "Build Identifier", then you can just edit the
   templates to change the field labels. It's still be called status_whiteboard
   internally, but your users don't need to know that.
     _________________________________________________________________

6.3.4. Template Formats and Types

   Some CGI's have the ability to use more than one template. For example,
   buglist.cgi can output itself as RDF, or as two formats of HTML (complex and
   simple). The mechanism that provides this feature is extensible.

   Bugzilla can support different types of output, which again can have
   multiple formats. In order to request a certain type, you can append the
   &ctype=<contenttype> (such as rdf or html) to the <cginame>.cgi URL. If you
   would like to retrieve a certain format, you can use the &format=<format>
   (such as simple or complex) in the URL.

   To see if a CGI supports multiple output formats and types, grep the CGI for
   "get_format". If it's not present, adding multiple format/type support isn't
   too hard - see how it's done in other CGIs, e.g. config.cgi.

   To make a new format template for a CGI which supports this, open a current
   template for that CGI and take note of the INTERFACE comment (if present.)
   This comment defines what variables are passed into this template. If there
   isn't one, I'm afraid you'll have to read the template and the code to find
   out what information you get.

   Write your template in whatever markup or text style is appropriate.

   You now need to decide what content type you want your template served as.
   The content types are defined in the Bugzilla/Constants.pm file in the
   contenttypes constant. If your content type is not there, add it. Remember
   the three- or four-letter tag assigned to your content type. This tag will
   be part of the template filename.

   Note

   After adding or changing a content type, it's suitable to edit
   Bugzilla/Constants.pm in order to reflect the changes. Also, the file should
   be kept up to date after an upgrade if content types have been customized in
   the past.

   Save the template as <stubname>-<formatname>.<contenttypetag>.tmpl. Try out
   the template by calling the CGI as
   <cginame>.cgi?format=<formatname>&ctype=<type> .
     _________________________________________________________________

6.3.5. Particular Templates

   There are a few templates you may be particularly interested in customizing
   for your installation.

   index.html.tmpl: This is the Bugzilla front page.

   global/header.html.tmpl: This defines the header that goes on all Bugzilla
   pages. The header includes the banner, which is what appears to users and is
   probably what you want to edit instead. However the header also includes the
   HTML HEAD section, so you could for example add a stylesheet or META tag by
   editing the header.

   global/banner.html.tmpl: This contains the "banner", the part of the header
   that appears at the top of all Bugzilla pages. The default banner is
   reasonably barren, so you'll probably want to customize this to give your
   installation a distinctive look and feel. It is recommended you preserve the
   Bugzilla version number in some form so the version you are running can be
   determined, and users know what docs to read.

   global/footer.html.tmpl: This defines the footer that goes on all Bugzilla
   pages. Editing this is another way to quickly get a distinctive look and
   feel for your Bugzilla installation.

   global/variables.none.tmpl: This defines a list of terms that may be changed
   in order to "brand" the Bugzilla instance In this way, terms like "bugs" can
   be replaced with "issues" across the whole Bugzilla installation. The name
   "Bugzilla" and other words can be customized as well.

   list/table.html.tmpl: This template controls the appearance of the bug lists
   created by Bugzilla. Editing this template allows per-column control of the
   width and title of a column, the maximum display length of each entry, and
   the wrap behaviour of long entries. For long bug lists, Bugzilla inserts a
   'break' every 100 bugs by default; this behaviour is also controlled by this
   template, and that value can be modified here.

   bug/create/user-message.html.tmpl: This is a message that appears near the
   top of the bug reporting page. By modifying this, you can tell your users
   how they should report bugs.

   bug/process/midair.html.tmpl: This is the page used if two people submit
   simultaneous changes to the same bug. The second person to submit their
   changes will get this page to tell them what the first person did, and ask
   if they wish to overwrite those changes or go back and revisit the bug. The
   default title and header on this page read "Mid-air collision detected!" If
   you work in the aviation industry, or other environment where this might be
   found offensive (yes, we have true stories of this happening) you'll want to
   change this to something more appropriate for your environment.

   bug/create/create.html.tmpl and bug/create/comment.txt.tmpl: You may not
   wish to go to the effort of creating custom fields in Bugzilla, yet you want
   to make sure that each bug report contains a number of pieces of important
   information for which there is not a special field. The bug entry system has
   been designed in an extensible fashion to enable you to add arbitrary HTML
   widgets, such as drop-down lists or textboxes, to the bug entry page and
   have their values appear formatted in the initial comment. A hidden field
   that indicates the format should be added inside the form in order to make
   the template functional. Its value should be the suffix of the template
   filename. For example, if the file is called create-cust.html.tmpl, then
   <input type="hidden" name="format" value="cust">

   should be used inside the form.

   An example of this is the mozilla.org guided bug submission form. The code
   for this comes with the Bugzilla distribution as an example for you to copy.
   It can be found in the files create-guided.html.tmpl and
   comment-guided.html.tmpl.

   So to use this feature, create a custom template for enter_bug.cgi. The
   default template, on which you could base it, is
   custom/bug/create/create.html.tmpl. Call it create-<formatname>.html.tmpl,
   and in it, add widgets for each piece of information you'd like collected -
   such as a build number, or set of steps to reproduce.

   Then, create a template like custom/bug/create/comment.txt.tmpl, and call it
   comment-<formatname>.txt.tmpl. This template should reference the form
   fields you have created using the syntax [% form.<fieldname> %]. When a bug
   report is submitted, the initial comment attached to the bug report will be
   formatted according to the layout of this template.

   For example, if your custom enter_bug template had a field
   <input type="text" name="buildid" size="30">

   and then your comment.txt.tmpl had
   BuildID: [% form.buildid %]

   then something like
   BuildID: 20020303

   would appear in the initial comment.
     _________________________________________________________________

6.3.6. Configuring Bugzilla to Detect the User's Language

   Bugzilla honours the user's Accept: HTTP header. You can install templates
   in other languages, and Bugzilla will pick the most appropriate according to
   a priority order defined by you. Many language templates can be obtained
   from http://www.bugzilla.org/download.html#localizations. Instructions for
   submitting new languages are also available from that location.
     _________________________________________________________________

6.4. Customizing Who Can Change What

   Warning

   This feature should be considered experimental; the Bugzilla code you will
   be changing is not stable, and could change or move between versions. Be
   aware that if you make modifications as outlined here, you may have to
   re-make them or port them if Bugzilla changes internally between versions,
   and you upgrade.

   Companies often have rules about which employees, or classes of employees,
   are allowed to change certain things in the bug system. For example, only
   the bug's designated QA Contact may be allowed to VERIFY the bug. Bugzilla
   has been designed to make it easy for you to write your own custom rules to
   define who is allowed to make what sorts of value transition.

   By default, assignees, QA owners and users with editbugs privileges can edit
   all fields of bugs, except group restrictions (unless they are members of
   the groups they are trying to change). Bug reporters also have the ability
   to edit some fields, but in a more restrictive manner. Other users, without
   editbugs privileges, can not edit bugs, except to comment and add themselves
   to the CC list.

   For maximum flexibility, customizing this means editing Bugzilla's Perl
   code. This gives the administrator complete control over exactly who is
   allowed to do what. The relevant method is called check_can_change_field(),
   and is found in Bug.pm in your Bugzilla/ directory. If you open that file
   and search for "sub check_can_change_field", you'll find it.

   This function has been carefully commented to allow you to see exactly how
   it works, and give you an idea of how to make changes to it. Certain marked
   sections should not be changed - these are the "plumbing" which makes the
   rest of the function work. In between those sections, you'll find snippets
   of code like:
    # Allow the assignee to change anything.
    if ($ownerid eq $whoid) {
        return 1;
    }

   It's fairly obvious what this piece of code does.

   So, how does one go about changing this function? Well, simple changes can
   be made just by removing pieces - for example, if you wanted to prevent any
   user adding a comment to a bug, just remove the lines marked "Allow anyone
   to change comments." If you don't want the Reporter to have any special
   rights on bugs they have filed, just remove the entire section that deals
   with the Reporter.

   More complex customizations are not much harder. Basically, you add a check
   in the right place in the function, i.e. after all the variables you are
   using have been set up. So, don't look at $ownerid before $ownerid has been
   obtained from the database. You can either add a positive check, which
   returns 1 (allow) if certain conditions are true, or a negative check, which
   returns 0 (deny.) E.g.:
    if ($field eq "qacontact") {
        if (Bugzilla->user->in_group("quality_assurance")) {
            return 1;
        }
        else {
            return 0;
        }
    }

   This says that only users in the group "quality_assurance" can change the QA
   Contact field of a bug.

   Getting more weird:
    if (($field eq "priority") &&
        (Bugzilla->user->email =~ /.*\@example\.com$/))
    {
        if ($oldvalue eq "P1") {
            return 1;
        }
        else {
            return 0;
        }
    }

   This says that if the user is trying to change the priority field, and their
   email address is @example.com, they can only do so if the old value of the
   field was "P1". Not very useful, but illustrative.

   Warning

   If you are modifying process_bug.cgi in any way, do not change the code that
   is bounded by DO_NOT_CHANGE blocks. Doing so could compromise security, or
   cause your installation to stop working entirely.

   For a list of possible field names, look at the bugs table in the database.
   If you need help writing custom rules for your organization, ask in the
   newsgroup.
     _________________________________________________________________

6.5. Integrating Bugzilla with Third-Party Tools

   Many utilities and applications can integrate with Bugzilla, either on the
   client- or server-side. None of them are maintained by the Bugzilla
   community, nor are they tested during our QA tests, so use them at your own
   risk. They are listed at https://wiki.mozilla.org/Bugzilla:Addons.
     _________________________________________________________________

Appendix A. Troubleshooting

   This section gives solutions to common Bugzilla installation problems. If
   none of the section headings seems to match your problem, read the general
   advice.
     _________________________________________________________________

A.1. General Advice

   If you can't get checksetup.pl to run to completion, it normally explains
   what's wrong and how to fix it. If you can't work it out, or if it's being
   uncommunicative, post the errors in the mozilla.support.bugzilla newsgroup.

   If you have made it all the way through Section 2.1 (Installation) and
   Section 2.2 (Configuration) but accessing the Bugzilla URL doesn't work, the
   first thing to do is to check your web server error log. For Apache, this is
   often located at /etc/logs/httpd/error_log. The error messages you see may
   be self-explanatory enough to enable you to diagnose and fix the problem. If
   not, see below for some commonly-encountered errors. If that doesn't help,
   post the errors to the newsgroup.

   Bugzilla can also log all user-based errors (and many code-based errors)
   that occur, without polluting the web server's error log. To enable Bugzilla
   error logging, create a file that Bugzilla can write to, named errorlog, in
   the Bugzilla data directory. Errors will be logged as they occur, and will
   include the type of the error, the IP address and username (if available) of
   the user who triggered the error, and the values of all environment
   variables; if a form was being submitted, the data in the form will also be
   included. To disable error logging, delete or rename the errorlog file.
     _________________________________________________________________

A.2. The Apache web server is not serving Bugzilla pages

   After you have run checksetup.pl twice, run testserver.pl
   http://yoursite.yourdomain/yoururl to confirm that your web server is
   configured properly for Bugzilla.
bash$ ./testserver.pl http://landfill.bugzilla.org/bugzilla-tip
TEST-OK Webserver is running under group id in $webservergroup.
TEST-OK Got ant picture.
TEST-OK Webserver is executing CGIs.
TEST-OK Webserver is preventing fetch of http://landfill.bugzilla.org/bugzilla-
tip/localconfig.
     _________________________________________________________________

A.3. I installed a Perl module, but checksetup.pl claims it's not installed!

   This could be caused by one of two things:

    1. You have two versions of Perl on your machine. You are installing
       modules into one, and Bugzilla is using the other. Rerun the CPAN
       commands (or manual compile) using the full path to Perl from the top of
       checksetup.pl. This will make sure you are installing the modules in the
       right place.
    2. The permissions on your library directories are set incorrectly. They
       must, at the very least, be readable by the web server user or group. It
       is recommended that they be world readable.
     _________________________________________________________________

A.4. DBD::Sponge::db prepare failed

   The following error message may appear due to a bug in DBD::mysql (over
   which the Bugzilla team have no control):
 DBD::Sponge::db prepare failed: Cannot determine NUM_OF_FIELDS at D:/Perl/site
/lib/DBD/mysql.pm line 248.
  SV = NULL(0x0) at 0x20fc444
  REFCNT = 1
  FLAGS = (PADBUSY,PADMY)

   To fix this, go to <path-to-perl>/lib/DBD/sponge.pm in your Perl
   installation and replace
 my $numFields;
 if ($attribs->{'NUM_OF_FIELDS'}) {
     $numFields = $attribs->{'NUM_OF_FIELDS'};
 } elsif ($attribs->{'NAME'}) {
     $numFields = @{$attribs->{NAME}};

   with
 my $numFields;
 if ($attribs->{'NUM_OF_FIELDS'}) {
     $numFields = $attribs->{'NUM_OF_FIELDS'};
 } elsif ($attribs->{'NAMES'}) {
     $numFields = @{$attribs->{NAMES}};

   (note the S added to NAME.)
     _________________________________________________________________

A.5. cannot chdir(/var/spool/mqueue)

   If you are installing Bugzilla on SuSE Linux, or some other distributions
   with "paranoid" security options, it is possible that the checksetup.pl
   script may fail with the error:
   cannot chdir(/var/spool/mqueue): Permission denied

   This is because your /var/spool/mqueue directory has a mode of drwx------.
   Type chmod 755 /var/spool/mqueue as root to fix this problem. This will
   allow any process running on your machine the ability to read the
   /var/spool/mqueue directory.
     _________________________________________________________________

A.6. Everybody is constantly being forced to relogin

   The most-likely cause is that the "cookiepath" parameter is not set
   correctly in the Bugzilla configuration. You can change this (if you're a
   Bugzilla administrator) from the editparams.cgi page via the web interface.

   The value of the cookiepath parameter should be the actual directory
   containing your Bugzilla installation, as seen by the end-user's web
   browser. Leading and trailing slashes are mandatory. You can also set the
   cookiepath to any directory which is a parent of the Bugzilla directory
   (such as '/', the root directory). But you can't put something that isn't at
   least a partial match or it won't work. What you're actually doing is
   restricting the end-user's browser to sending the cookies back only to that
   directory.

   How do you know if you want your specific Bugzilla directory or the whole
   site?

   If you have only one Bugzilla running on the server, and you don't mind
   having other applications on the same server with it being able to see the
   cookies (you might be doing this on purpose if you have other things on your
   site that share authentication with Bugzilla), then you'll want to have the
   cookiepath set to "/", or to a sufficiently-high enough directory that all
   of the involved apps can see the cookies.

   Example A-1. Examples of urlbase/cookiepath pairs for sharing login cookies

             urlbase is http://bugzilla.mozilla.org/
             cookiepath is /
             urlbase is http://tools.mysite.tld/bugzilla/
                     but you have http://tools.mysite.tld/someotherapp/ which s
     hares
                     authentication with your Bugzilla
             cookiepath is /

   On the other hand, if you have more than one Bugzilla running on the server
   (some people do - we do on landfill) then you need to have the cookiepath
   restricted enough so that the different Bugzillas don't confuse their
   cookies with one another.

   Example A-2. Examples of urlbase/cookiepath pairs to restrict the login
   cookie

             urlbase is http://landfill.bugzilla.org/bugzilla-tip/
             cookiepath is /bugzilla-tip/
             urlbase is http://landfill.bugzilla.org/bugzilla-2.16-branch/
             cookiepath is /bugzilla-2.16-branch/

   If you had cookiepath set to "/" at any point in the past and need to set it
   to something more restrictive (i.e. "/bugzilla/"), you can safely do this
   without requiring users to delete their Bugzilla-related cookies in their
   browser (this is true starting with Bugzilla 2.18 and Bugzilla 2.16.5).
     _________________________________________________________________

A.7. index.cgi doesn't show up unless specified in the URL

   You probably need to set up your web server in such a way that it will serve
   the index.cgi page as an index page.

   If you are using Apache, you can do this by adding index.cgi to the end of
   the DirectoryIndex line as mentioned in Section 2.2.4.1.
     _________________________________________________________________

A.8. checksetup.pl reports "Client does not support authentication protocol
requested by server..."

   This error is occurring because you are using the new password encryption
   that comes with MySQL 4.1, while your DBD::mysql module was compiled against
   an older version of MySQL. If you recompile DBD::mysql against the current
   MySQL libraries (or just obtain a newer version of this module) then the
   error may go away.

   If that does not fix the problem, or if you cannot recompile the existing
   module (e.g. you're running Windows) and/or don't want to replace it (e.g.
   you want to keep using a packaged version), then a workaround is available
   from the MySQL docs: http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/Old_client.html
     _________________________________________________________________

Appendix B. Contrib

   There are a number of unofficial Bugzilla add-ons in the
   $BUGZILLA_ROOT/contrib/ directory. This section documents them.
     _________________________________________________________________

B.1. Command-line Search Interface

   There are a suite of Unix utilities for searching Bugzilla from the command
   line. They live in the contrib/cmdline directory. There are three files -
   query.conf, buglist and bugs.

   Warning

   These files pre-date the templatization work done as part of the 2.16
   release, and have not been updated.

   query.conf contains the mapping from options to field names and comparison
   types. Quoted option names are "grepped" for, so it should be easy to edit
   this file. Comments (#) have no effect; you must make sure these lines do
   not contain any quoted "option".

   buglist is a shell script that submits a Bugzilla query and writes the
   resulting HTML page to stdout. It supports both short options, (such as
   "-Afoo" or "-Rbar") and long options (such as "--assignedto=foo" or
   "--reporter=bar"). If the first character of an option is not "-", it is
   treated as if it were prefixed with "--default=".

   The column list is taken from the COLUMNLIST environment variable. This is
   equivalent to the "Change Columns" option that is available when you list
   bugs in buglist.cgi. If you have already used Bugzilla, grep for COLUMNLIST
   in your cookies file to see your current COLUMNLIST setting.

   bugs is a simple shell script which calls buglist and extracts the bug
   numbers from the output. Adding the prefix
   "http://bugzilla.mozilla.org/buglist.cgi?bug_id=" turns the bug list into a
   working link if any bugs are found. Counting bugs is easy. Pipe the results
   through sed -e 's/,/ /g' | wc | awk '{printf $2 "\n"}'

   Akkana Peck says she has good results piping buglist output through w3m -T
   text/html -dump
     _________________________________________________________________

B.2. Command-line 'Send Unsent Bug-mail' tool

   Within the contrib directory exists a utility with the descriptive (if
   compact) name of sendunsentbugmail.pl. The purpose of this script is,
   simply, to send out any bug-related mail that should have been sent by now,
   but for one reason or another has not.

   To accomplish this task, sendunsentbugmail.pl uses the same mechanism as the
   sanitycheck.cgi script; it scans through the entire database looking for
   bugs with changes that were made more than 30 minutes ago, but where there
   is no record of anyone related to that bug having been sent mail. Having
   compiled a list, it then uses the standard rules to determine who gets mail,
   and sends it out.

   As the script runs, it indicates the bug for which it is currently sending
   mail; when it has finished, it gives a numerical count of how many mails
   were sent and how many people were excluded. (Individual user names are not
   recorded or displayed.) If the script produces no output, that means no
   unsent mail was detected.

   Usage: move the sendunsentbugmail.pl script up into the main directory,
   ensure it has execute permission, and run it from the command line (or from
   a cron job) with no parameters.
     _________________________________________________________________

Appendix C. Manual Installation of Perl Modules

C.1. Instructions

   If you need to install Perl modules manually, here's how it's done. Download
   the module using the link given in the next section, and then apply this
   magic incantation, as root:

bash# tar -xzvf <module>.tar.gz
bash# cd <module>
bash# perl Makefile.PL
bash# make
bash# make test
bash# make install

   Note

   In order to compile source code under Windows you will need to obtain a
   'make' utility. The nmake utility provided with Microsoft Visual C++ may be
   used. As an alternative, there is a utility called dmake available from CPAN
   which is written entirely in Perl.

   As described in Section C.2, however, most packages already exist and are
   available from ActiveState or theory58S. We highly recommend that you
   install them using the ppm GUI available with ActiveState and to add the
   theory58S repository to your list of repositories.
     _________________________________________________________________

C.2. Download Locations

   Note

   Running Bugzilla on Windows requires the use of ActiveState Perl 5.8.1 or
   higher. Many modules already exist in the core distribution of ActiveState
   Perl. Additional modules can be downloaded from
   http://theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca/ppms/ if you use Perl 5.8.x or from
   http://cpan.uwinnipeg.ca/PPMPackages/10xx/ if you use Perl 5.10.x.

   CGI:

           CPAN Download Page: http://search.cpan.org/dist/CGI.pm/
           Documentation: http://perldoc.perl.org/CGI.html

   Data-Dumper:

           CPAN Download Page: http://search.cpan.org/dist/Data-Dumper/
           Documentation: http://search.cpan.org/dist/Data-Dumper/Dumper.pm

   Date::Format (part of TimeDate):

           CPAN Download Page: http://search.cpan.org/dist/TimeDate/
           Documentation: http://search.cpan.org/dist/TimeDate/lib/Date/Format.
   pm

   DBI:

           CPAN Download Page: http://search.cpan.org/dist/DBI/
           Documentation: http://dbi.perl.org/docs/

   DBD::mysql:

           CPAN Download Page: http://search.cpan.org/dist/DBD-mysql/
           Documentation: http://search.cpan.org/dist/DBD-mysql/lib/DBD/mysql.p
   m

   DBD::Pg:

           CPAN Download Page: http://search.cpan.org/dist/DBD-Pg/
           Documentation: http://search.cpan.org/dist/DBD-Pg/Pg.pm

   Template-Toolkit:

           CPAN Download Page: http://search.cpan.org/dist/Template-Toolkit/
           Documentation: http://www.template-toolkit.org/docs.html

   GD:

           CPAN Download Page: http://search.cpan.org/dist/GD/
           Documentation: http://search.cpan.org/dist/GD/GD.pm

   Template::Plugin::GD:

          CPAN Download Page: http://search.cpan.org/dist/Template-GD/
          Documentation: http://www.template-toolkit.org/docs/aqua/Modules/inde
   x.html

   MIME::Parser (part of MIME-tools):

           CPAN Download Page: http://search.cpan.org/dist/MIME-tools/
           Documentation: http://search.cpan.org/dist/MIME-tools/lib/MIME/Parse
   r.pm
     _________________________________________________________________

C.3. Optional Modules

   Chart::Lines:

           CPAN Download Page: http://search.cpan.org/dist/Chart/
           Documentation: http://search.cpan.org/dist/Chart/Chart.pod

   GD::Graph:

           CPAN Download Page: http://search.cpan.org/dist/GDGraph/
           Documentation: http://search.cpan.org/dist/GDGraph/Graph.pm

   GD::Text::Align (part of GD::Text::Util):

           CPAN Download Page: http://search.cpan.org/dist/GDTextUtil/
           Documentation: http://search.cpan.org/dist/GDTextUtil/Text/Align.pm

   XML::Twig:

           CPAN Download Page: http://search.cpan.org/dist/XML-Twig/
           Documentation: http://standards.ieee.org/resources/spasystem/twig/tw
   ig_stable.html

   PatchReader:

           CPAN Download Page: http://search.cpan.org/author/JKEISER/PatchReade
   r/
           Documentation: http://www.johnkeiser.com/mozilla/Patch_Viewer.html
     _________________________________________________________________

Appendix D. GNU Free Documentation License

   Version 1.1, March 2000

     Copyright (C) 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 59 Temple Place, Suite
     330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA Everyone is permitted to copy and
     distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is
     not allowed.
     _________________________________________________________________

0. Preamble

   The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other written
   document "free" in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone the effective
   freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without modifying it, either
   commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily, this License preserves for the
   author and publisher a way to get credit for their work, while not being
   considered responsible for modifications made by others.

   This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative works of
   the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It complements the
   GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft license designed for free
   software.

   We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
   software, because free software needs free documentation: a free program
   should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the software does.
   But this License is not limited to software manuals; it can be used for any
   textual work, regardless of subject matter or whether it is published as a
   printed book. We recommend this License principally for works whose purpose
   is instruction or reference.
     _________________________________________________________________

1. Applicability and Definition

   This License applies to any manual or other work that contains a notice
   placed by the copyright holder saying it can be distributed under the terms
   of this License. The "Document", below, refers to any such manual or work.
   Any member of the public is a licensee, and is addressed as "you".

   A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the Document
   or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with modifications and/or
   translated into another language.

   A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section of the
   Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the publishers or
   authors of the Document to the Document's overall subject (or to related
   matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly within that overall
   subject. (For example, if the Document is in part a textbook of mathematics,
   a Secondary Section may not explain any mathematics.) The relationship could
   be a matter of historical connection with the subject or with related
   matters, or of legal, commercial, philosophical, ethical or political
   position regarding them.

   The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose titles are
   designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice that says
   that the Document is released under this License.

   The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are listed, as
   Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that the
   Document is released under this License.

   A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
   represented in a format whose specification is available to the general
   public, whose contents can be viewed and edited directly and
   straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of
   pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available
   drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or for
   automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input to text
   formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file format whose markup
   has been designed to thwart or discourage subsequent modification by readers
   is not Transparent. A copy that is not "Transparent" is called "Opaque".

   Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain ASCII
   without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML or XML using
   a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple HTML designed for
   human modification. Opaque formats include PostScript, PDF, proprietary
   formats that can be read and edited only by proprietary word processors,
   SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or processing tools are not generally
   available, and the machine-generated HTML produced by some word processors
   for output purposes only.

   The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself, plus such
   following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material this License
   requires to appear in the title page. For works in formats which do not have
   any title page as such, "Title Page" means the text near the most prominent
   appearance of the work's title, preceding the beginning of the body of the
   text.
     _________________________________________________________________

2. Verbatim Copying

   You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either commercially
   or noncommercially, provided that this License, the copyright notices, and
   the license notice saying this License applies to the Document are
   reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other conditions whatsoever to
   those of this License. You may not use technical measures to obstruct or
   control the reading or further copying of the copies you make or distribute.
   However, you may accept compensation in exchange for copies. If you
   distribute a large enough number of copies you must also follow the
   conditions in section 3.

   You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and you
   may publicly display copies.
     _________________________________________________________________

3. Copying in Quantity

   If you publish printed copies of the Document numbering more than 100, and
   the Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the
   copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover Texts:
   Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on the back
   cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify you as the
   publisher of these copies. The front cover must present the full title with
   all words of the title equally prominent and visible. You may add other
   material on the covers in addition. Copying with changes limited to the
   covers, as long as they preserve the title of the Document and satisfy these
   conditions, can be treated as verbatim copying in other respects.

   If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit legibly,
   you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit reasonably) on the
   actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent pages.

   If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering more
   than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent copy along
   with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy a
   publicly-accessible computer-network location containing a complete
   Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material, which the general
   network-using public has access to download anonymously at no charge using
   public-standard network protocols. If you use the latter option, you must
   take reasonably prudent steps, when you begin distribution of Opaque copies
   in quantity, to ensure that this Transparent copy will remain thus
   accessible at the stated location until at least one year after the last
   time you distribute an Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or
   retailers) of that edition to the public.

   It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
   Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give them
   a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.
     _________________________________________________________________

4. Modifications

   You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under the
   conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release the Modified
   Version under precisely this License, with the Modified Version filling the
   role of the Document, thus licensing distribution and modification of the
   Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy of it. In addition, you must do
   these things in the Modified Version:

    A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct from
       that of the Document, and from those of previous versions (which should,
       if there were any, be listed in the History section of the Document).
       You may use the same title as a previous version if the original
       publisher of that version gives permission.
    B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities
       responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified Version,
       together with at least five of the principal authors of the Document
       (all of its principal authors, if it has less than five).
    C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the Modified
       Version, as the publisher.
    D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
    E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications adjacent to
       the other copyright notices.
    F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice
       giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the terms
       of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
    G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections and
       required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice.
    H. Include an unaltered copy of this License.
    I. Preserve the section entitled "History", and its title, and add to it an
       item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and publisher of the
       Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If there is no section
       entitled "History" in the Document, create one stating the title, year,
       authors, and publisher of the Document as given on its Title Page, then
       add an item describing the Modified Version as stated in the previous
       sentence.
    J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for public
       access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise the network
       locations given in the Document for previous versions it was based on.
       These may be placed in the "History" section. You may omit a network
       location for a work that was published at least four years before the
       Document itself, or if the original publisher of the version it refers
       to gives permission.
    K. In any section entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications", preserve
       the section's title, and preserve in the section all the substance and
       tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or dedications
       given therein.
    L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered in their
       text and in their titles. Section numbers or the equivalent are not
       considered part of the section titles.
    M. Delete any section entitled "Endorsements". Such a section may not be
       included in the Modified Version.
    N. Do not retitle any existing section as "Endorsements" or to conflict in
       title with any Invariant Section.

   If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or appendices
   that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material copied from the
   Document, you may at your option designate some or all of these sections as
   invariant. To do this, add their titles to the list of Invariant Sections in
   the Modified Version's license notice. These titles must be distinct from
   any other section titles.

   You may add a section entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains nothing
   but endorsements of your Modified Version by various parties--for example,
   statements of peer review or that the text has been approved by an
   organization as the authoritative definition of a standard.

   You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a
   passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list of
   Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of Front-Cover Text
   and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or through arrangements made by)
   any one entity. If the Document already includes a cover text for the same
   cover, previously added by you or by arrangement made by the same entity you
   are acting on behalf of, you may not add another; but you may replace the
   old one, on explicit permission from the previous publisher that added the
   old one.

   The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License give
   permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or imply
   endorsement of any Modified Version.
     _________________________________________________________________

5. Combining Documents

   You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
   License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified versions,
   provided that you include in the combination all of the Invariant Sections
   of all of the original documents, unmodified, and list them all as Invariant
   Sections of your combined work in its license notice.

   The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and multiple
   identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single copy. If there
   are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but different contents,
   make the title of each such section unique by adding at the end of it, in
   parentheses, the name of the original author or publisher of that section if
   known, or else a unique number. Make the same adjustment to the section
   titles in the list of Invariant Sections in the license notice of the
   combined work.

   In the combination, you must combine any sections entitled "History" in the
   various original documents, forming one section entitled "History"; likewise
   combine any sections entitled "Acknowledgements", and any sections entitled
   "Dedications". You must delete all sections entitled "Endorsements."
     _________________________________________________________________

6. Collections of Documents

   You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents
   released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this
   License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in the
   collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for verbatim
   copying of each of the documents in all other respects.

   You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute it
   individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this License
   into the extracted document, and follow this License in all other respects
   regarding verbatim copying of that document.
     _________________________________________________________________

7. Aggregation with Independent Works

   A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate and
   independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
   distribution medium, does not as a whole count as a Modified Version of the
   Document, provided no compilation copyright is claimed for the compilation.
   Such a compilation is called an "aggregate", and this License does not apply
   to the other self-contained works thus compiled with the Document, on
   account of their being thus compiled, if they are not themselves derivative
   works of the Document.

   If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these copies of
   the Document, then if the Document is less than one quarter of the entire
   aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on covers that surround
   only the Document within the aggregate. Otherwise they must appear on covers
   around the whole aggregate.
     _________________________________________________________________

8. Translation

   Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may distribute
   translations of the Document under the terms of section 4. Replacing
   Invariant Sections with translations requires special permission from their
   copyright holders, but you may include translations of some or all Invariant
   Sections in addition to the original versions of these Invariant Sections.
   You may include a translation of this License provided that you also include
   the original English version of this License. In case of a disagreement
   between the translation and the original English version of this License,
   the original English version will prevail.
     _________________________________________________________________

9. Termination

   You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except as
   expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to copy,
   modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will
   automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, parties who
   have received copies, or rights, from you under this License will not have
   their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.
     _________________________________________________________________

10. Future Revisions of this License

   The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of the GNU
   Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new versions will be
   similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
   address new problems or concerns. See http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/.

   Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. If the
   Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this License "or
   any later version" applies to it, you have the option of following the terms
   and conditions either of that specified version or of any later version that
   has been published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the
   Document does not specify a version number of this License, you may choose
   any version ever published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.
     _________________________________________________________________

How to use this License for your documents

   To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of the
   License in the document and put the following copyright and license notices
   just after the title page:

     Copyright (c) YEAR YOUR NAME. Permission is granted to copy, distribute
     and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation
     License, Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software
     Foundation; with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the
     Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST. A
     copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free
     Documentation License".

   If you have no Invariant Sections, write "with no Invariant Sections"
   instead of saying which ones are invariant. If you have no Front-Cover
   Texts, write "no Front-Cover Texts" instead of "Front-Cover Texts being
   LIST"; likewise for Back-Cover Texts.

   If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we recommend
   releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free software
   license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit their use in free
   software.

Glossary

0-9, high ascii

   .htaccess
          Apache web server, and other NCSA-compliant web servers, observe the
          convention of using files in directories called .htaccess to restrict
          access to certain files. In Bugzilla, they are used to keep secret
          files which would otherwise compromise your installation - e.g. the
          localconfig file contains the password to your database. curious.

A

   Apache
          In this context, Apache is the web server most commonly used for
          serving up Bugzilla pages. Contrary to popular belief, the apache web
          server has nothing to do with the ancient and noble Native American
          tribe, but instead derived its name from the fact that it was "a
          patchy" version of the original NCSA world-wide-web server.

          Useful Directives when configuring Bugzilla

        AddHandler
                Tell Apache that it's OK to run CGI scripts.

        AllowOverride, Options
                These directives are used to tell Apache many things about the
                directory they apply to. For Bugzilla's purposes, we need them
                to allow script execution and .htaccess overrides.

        DirectoryIndex
                Used to tell Apache what files are indexes. If you can not add
                index.cgi to the list of valid files, you'll need to set
                $index_html to 1 in localconfig so ./checksetup.pl will create
                an index.html that redirects to index.cgi.

        ScriptInterpreterSource
                Used when running Apache on windows so the shebang line doesn't
                have to be changed in every Bugzilla script.

          For more information about how to configure Apache for Bugzilla, see
          Section 2.2.4.1.

B

   Bug
          A "bug" in Bugzilla refers to an issue entered into the database
          which has an associated number, assignments, comments, etc. Some also
          refer to a "tickets" or "issues"; in the context of Bugzilla, they
          are synonymous.

   Bug Number
          Each Bugzilla bug is assigned a number that uniquely identifies that
          bug. The bug associated with a bug number can be pulled up via a
          query, or easily from the very front page by typing the number in the
          "Find" box.

   Bugzilla
          Bugzilla is the world-leading free software bug tracking system.

C

   Common Gateway Interface (CGI)
          CGI is an acronym for Common Gateway Interface. This is a standard
          for interfacing an external application with a web server. Bugzilla
          is an example of a CGI application.

   Component
          A Component is a subsection of a Product. It should be a narrow
          category, tailored to your organization. All Products must contain at
          least one Component (and, as a matter of fact, creating a Product
          with no Components will create an error in Bugzilla).

   Comprehensive Perl Archive Network (CPAN)
          CPAN stands for the "Comprehensive Perl Archive Network". CPAN
          maintains a large number of extremely useful Perl modules -
          encapsulated chunks of code for performing a particular task.

   contrib
          The contrib directory is a location to put scripts that have been
          contributed to Bugzilla but are not a part of the official
          distribution. These scripts are written by third parties and may be
          in languages other than perl. For those that are in perl, there may
          be additional modules or other requirements than those of the
          official distribution.

          Note

   Scripts in the contrib directory are not officially supported by the
   Bugzilla team and may break in between versions.

D

   daemon
          A daemon is a computer program which runs in the background. In
          general, most daemons are started at boot time via System V init
          scripts, or through RC scripts on BSD-based systems. mysqld, the
          MySQL server, and apache, a web server, are generally run as daemons.

   DOS Attack
          A DOS, or Denial of Service attack, is when a user attempts to deny
          access to a web server by repeatedly accessing a page or sending
          malformed requests to a webserver. A D-DOS, or Distributed Denial of
          Service attack, is when these requests come from multiple sources at
          the same time. Unfortunately, these are much more difficult to defend
          against.

G

   Groups
          The word "Groups" has a very special meaning to Bugzilla. Bugzilla's
          main security mechanism comes by placing users in groups, and
          assigning those groups certain privileges to view bugs in particular
          Products in the Bugzilla database.

J

   JavaScript
          JavaScript is cool, we should talk about it.

M

   Message Transport Agent (MTA)
          A Message Transport Agent is used to control the flow of email on a
          system. The Email::Send Perl module, which Bugzilla uses to send
          email, can be configured to use many different underlying
          implementations for actually sending the mail using the
          mail_delivery_method parameter. Implementations other than sendmail
          require that the sendmailnow param be set to on.

   MySQL
          MySQL is currently the required RDBMS for Bugzilla. MySQL can be
          downloaded from http://www.mysql.com. While you should familiarize
          yourself with all of the documentation, some high points are:

        Backup
                Methods for backing up your Bugzilla database.

        Option Files
                Information about how to configure MySQL using my.cnf.

        Privilege System
                Information about how to protect your MySQL server.

P

   Perl Package Manager (PPM)
          http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Downloads/ActivePerl/PPM/

   Product
          A Product is a broad category of types of bugs, normally representing
          a single piece of software or entity. In general, there are several
          Components to a Product. A Product may define a group (used for
          security) for all bugs entered into its Components.

   Perl
          First written by Larry Wall, Perl is a remarkable program language.
          It has the benefits of the flexibility of an interpreted scripting
          language (such as shell script), combined with the speed and power of
          a compiled language, such as C. Bugzilla is maintained in Perl.

Q

   QA
          "QA", "Q/A", and "Q.A." are short for "Quality Assurance". In most
          large software development organizations, there is a team devoted to
          ensuring the product meets minimum standards before shipping. This
          team will also generally want to track the progress of bugs over
          their life cycle, thus the need for the "QA Contact" field in a bug.

R

   Relational DataBase Management System (RDBMS)
          A relational database management system is a database system that
          stores information in tables that are related to each other.

   Regular Expression (regexp)
          A regular expression is an expression used for pattern matching.
          Documentation

S

   Service
          In Windows NT environment, a boot-time background application is
          referred to as a service. These are generally managed through the
          control panel while logged in as an account with "Administrator"
          level capabilities. For more information, consult your Windows manual
          or the MSKB.

   SGML 
          SGML stands for "Standard Generalized Markup Language". Created in
          the 1980's to provide an extensible means to maintain documentation
          based upon content instead of presentation, SGML has withstood the
          test of time as a robust, powerful language. XML is the "baby
          brother" of SGML; any valid XML document it, by definition, a valid
          SGML document. The document you are reading is written and maintained
          in SGML, and is also valid XML if you modify the Document Type
          Definition.

T

   Target Milestone
          Target Milestones are Product goals. They are configurable on a
          per-Product basis. Most software development houses have a concept of
          "milestones" where the people funding a project expect certain
          functionality on certain dates. Bugzilla facilitates meeting these
          milestones by giving you the ability to declare by which milestone a
          bug will be fixed, or an enhancement will be implemented.

   Tool Command Language (TCL)
          TCL is an open source scripting language available for Windows,
          Macintosh, and Unix based systems. Bugzilla 1.0 was written in TCL
          but never released. The first release of Bugzilla was 2.0, which was
          when it was ported to perl.

Z

   Zarro Boogs Found
          This is just a goofy way of saying that there were no bugs found
          matching your query. When asked to explain this message, Terry had
          the following to say:



   I've been asked to explain this ... way back when, when Netscape released
   version 4.0 of its browser, we had a release party. Naturally, there had
   been a big push to try and fix every known bug before the release.
   Naturally, that hadn't actually happened. (This is not unique to Netscape or
   to 4.0; the same thing has happened with every software project I've ever
   seen.) Anyway, at the release party, T-shirts were handed out that said
   something like "Netscape 4.0: Zarro Boogs". Just like the software, the
   T-shirt had no known bugs. Uh-huh.
   So, when you query for a list of bugs, and it gets no results, you can think
   of this as a friendly reminder. Of *course* there are bugs matching your
   query, they just aren't in the bugsystem yet...

          --Terry Weissman
