# The &kbruch; Handbook

Sebastian
Stein

    seb.kde@hpfsc.de

2001-2005
Sebastian Stein
&FDLNotice;
2004-07-09
3.4

&kbruch; is a small program to practice calculating with fractions. Different exercises are provided for this purpose. The program checks user's input and gives feedback.

KDE
education
fraction
mathematics
denominator
kbruch

## Introduction

&kbruch; is a small program to practice calculating with fractions. Therefore 4 different exercises are offered.

- Fraction Task - in this exercise you have to solve a given fraction task. You have to enter numerator and denominator. This is the main exercise.

- Comparison - in this exercise you have to compare the size of 2 given fractions.

- Conversion - in this exercise you have to convert a given number into a fraction.

- Factorization - in this exercise you have to factorize a given number into its prime factors.

In all different exercises &kbruch; will generate a task and the user has to solve it. The program checks the input and gives a feedback about it.

&kbruch; counts how many tasks were solved at all and how many tasks were solved correctly. The statistics are shown to the user, but this part of the main window can be hidden. The user can reset the statistics at any point.

&kbruch; is very compact and focuses on the core idea of a task generator. An online help system provides context-sensitive help for the different situations.

&kbruch; is free and licensed under the &GNU; Public License.

## Using &kbruch;

### Main screen

Here is a screenshot of &kbruch;'s main screen:

&kbruch; main screen, directly after the start
&kbruch; main screen

All action takes place in this screen. This ensures that &kbruch; is easy to use even for young users! The main screen is separated into 5 parts:

- the menubar with the 3 menus Task, Settings and Help

- the toolbar, where you can set the difficulty for the tasks given in the Fraction Task exercise

- the exercise chooser, where you can switch between the different exercises

- the task part, where you have to enter the result of the given task

- the statistical part, where you can see how many tasks have been solved correctly or attempted

First you have to choose an exercise in the exercise chooser on the left side of the window. The task part will change according to the chosen task. The settings in the toolbar will be enabled, if you have chosen the exercise Fraction Task.

You will find an icon to generate a new task in the toolbar as well. This action is also available in the menu Task New Task. This action is always enabled. If you have not solved the currently given task, a new task is generated and the given task is counted as not correctly solved.

You can hide the statistic part by dragging the vertical separator to the right.

If you terminate &kbruch; the currently chosen exercise will be saved and restored on next startup.

### Statistical Part

In this part of the main screen you can see:

- how many tasks have been solved

- how many tasks have been solved correctly

- how many tasks have been solved incorrectly

You can reset the statistics by clicking on the Reset button under the figures.

The statistics will be saved on &kbruch;'s termination and restored on next startup.

### Settings Window

In this part of the main screen you can adjust some general settings for task display. To open this dialog use Settings Configure &kbruch;.

&kbruch; settings dialog
&kbruch; settings dialog

In the top part of the dialog you can choose a font for displaying. In the lower part you can choose colors for the different parts of a mathematical expression. You can set wether to show the mixed number notation in the result. This notation is not known everywhere and can be disabled therefore.

The settings will be saved on &kbruch;'s termination and restored on the next startup.

## Exercises

### Exercise Fraction Task

In this exercise you have to solve a given task. Therefor you have to enter numerator and denominator. The difficulty of the generated task can be adjusted by the task parameters described below.

#### Task Parameters

There are 3 parameters which influence the difficulty of the generated tasks:

Terms

  The number of terms (separate fractions) given in each task. From 2 to 5, inclusive.

Max. main denominator

  The highest number &kbruch; will use as the main denominator in the tasks it sets. From a minimum of 10 to a maximum of 50.

Operations

  Operations which should be used in the task: Addition/Subtraction, Multiplication/Division or All Operations Mixed.

After you have changed the parameters you have to click on the New Task button in the toolbar to generate a task which uses the new parameters. You can also call this action from the menubar with Task New Task.

Your selection of the maximum main denominator will be reset to a default value every time you change the number of terms. So you should change the number of terms first and then select the maximum main denominator.

If you have not solved the current task and call the New Task action, the task will be counted as not solved correctly. To prevent this you have to change the parameters after you solved the task but before generating a new one.

The chosen parameters will be saved on &kbruch;'s termination and restored on next startup.

#### Solving Tasks

After you have solved a given task, you need to enter the result into the two input boxes. In the upper box you enter the numerator and in the lower box the denominator.

If the result is negative, you can enter a minus sign in front of the numerator or denominator. If the result is 0, just type a 0 in the numerator input field. If the result has a denominator of 1, you can leave the lower box empty.

After you have entered the result you should click the Check Task button below the input boxes. &kbruch; will check your input and present the correct result. Therefore the screen changes a little, as you can see in the screenshot:

Checked Task
Checked Task

This task was solved correctly. The correct value is shown in 2 different forms. The second form just in front of the word CORRECT is only used in some countries and must be read as 2 + 1/5 in the given case.

You always have to enter the result reduced, because most teachers only give all points to reduced results. &kbruch; will show you a short message like the one in the screenshot below, if you enter the correct result unreduced.

Unreduced Result
Unreduced Result

To continue with the next task, click on the Next Task button. If you want to change the parameters for the next task please do this before clicking on the Next Task button.

### Exercise Comparison

In this exercise you have to compare 2 given fractions. You have to choose the bigger fraction of both by selecting the correct comparison sign.

Exercise Comparison
Exercise Comparison

First choose the correct comparison sign. To toggle the comparison sign, you have to click on the button showing the comparison sign. After you have chosen the comparison sign click on the Check Task button. &kbruch; will check your input and present the correct result. After this step you will get to the next task by clicking on the Next Task button.

### Exercise Conversion

In this exercise you have to convert a given number into a fraction. You have to enter numerator and denominator.

Exercise Conversion
Exercise Conversion

On the left side of the equal sign in the screenshot above you can see a recurring decimal. This means, that the fraction shown as a decimal has a repeating part. The repeating part is marked with the small bar above the numbers. Those numbers repeat ad infinitum.

After you have entered the numerator and denominator click on the Check Task button. &kbruch; will check your input and present the correct result. After this step you will get to the next task by clicking on the Next Task button.

Do not forget to enter the result reduced. Unreduced results will be counted as solved not correctly.

### Exercise Factorization

In this exercise you have to factorize a given number into its prime factors. You have to enter all prime factors of the number.

Exercise Factorization
Exercise Factorization

You can enter a factor by clicking on the prime factor buttons. The currently entered prime factors will be shown in the field next to the number to be factorized. You can remove the last entered prime factor by clicking on the Remove Last Factor button.

After you have entered all prime factors click on the Check Task button. &kbruch; will check your input and present the correct result. After this step you will get to the next task by clicking on the Next Task button.

In the screenshot at the top of this page you can see a * between the prime factors. This is the multiplication sign. The product of all prime factors must be the number you try to factorize.

You have to enter all prime factors even when a prime factor repeats several times. Example: As prime factors of number 18 you have to enter 2, 3 and 3.

## Credits and License

&kbruch;

Program and documentation Copyright, 2001-2004 Sebastian Stein seb.kde@hpfsc.de

Thank you goes to:

- &Anne-Marie.Mahfouf; for managing the &kde;-edu project

- Klas Kalass for helping design the interface

- Eva Brucherseifer for writing KMath (&kbruch;'s &GUI; is based on this work)

- Dominique Devriese for bug fixing

- Stefan Schumacher for testing a very early version

- Sven Guckes for testing the text interface (which has been removed)

- &David.Faure; for helping with &kde; CVS and &kde; Bugzilla

- &Robert.Gogolok; for helping with &kde; CVS

- John Kesson for proof reading the handbook

&underFDL; &underGPL;

## Installation

### How to obtain &kbruch;

&install.intro.documentation;

### Requirements

In order to successfully use &kbruch;, you need &kde; > 3.1 .

&kbruch; itself can be found on the &kbruch; home page and it is part of the &kde;-edu project

You can find a list of changes in the CVS commit messages.

### Compilation and Installation

&install.compile.documentation;

&documentation.index;