#!/usr/bin/perl5 -w
# Copyright © 2001-2009 Jamie Zawinski <jwz@jwz.org>.
#
# Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute, and sell this software and its
# documentation for any purpose is hereby granted without fee, provided that
# the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that both that
# copyright notice and this permission notice appear in supporting
# documentation.  No representations are made about the suitability of this
# software for any purpose.  It is provided "as is" without express or 
# implied warranty.
#
# This program chooses a random file from under the given directory, and
# prints its name.  The file will be an image file whose dimensions are
# larger than a certain minimum size.
#
# The various xscreensaver hacks that manipulate images ("jigsaw", etc.) get
# the image to manipulate by running the "xscreensaver-getimage" program.
#
# Under X11, the "xscreensaver-getimage" program invokes this script,
# depending on the value of the "chooseRandomImages" and "imageDirectory"
# settings in the ~/.xscreensaver file (or .../app-defaults/XScreenSaver).
#
# Under Cocoa, this script lives inside the .saver bundle, and is invoked
# directly from utils/grabclient.c.
#
# Created: 12-Apr-01.

require 5;
#use diagnostics;	# Fails on some MacOS 10.5 systems
use strict;

use POSIX;
use Fcntl;

use Fcntl ':flock'; # import LOCK_* constants

use POSIX ':fcntl_h';				# S_ISDIR was here in Perl 5.6
import Fcntl ':mode' unless defined &S_ISUID;	# but it is here in Perl 5.8
	# but in Perl 5.10, both of these load, and cause errors!
	# So we have to check for S_ISUID instead of S_ISDIR?  WTF?

use bytes;  # Larry can take Unicode and shove it up his ass sideways.
            # Perl 5.8.0 causes us to start getting incomprehensible
            # errors about UTF-8 all over the place without this.

my $progname = $0; $progname =~ s@.*/@@g;
my $version = q{ $Revision: 1.27 $ }; $version =~ s/^[^0-9]+([0-9.]+).*$/$1/;

my $verbose = 0;

# Whether to use MacOS X's Spotlight to generate the list of files.
# When set to -1, uses Spotlight if "mdfind" exists.
#
# (In my experience, this isn't actually any faster, and might not find
# everything if your Spotlight index is out of date, which happens often.)
#
my $use_spotlight_p = 0;

# Whether to cache the results of the last run.
#
my $cache_p = 1;

# Regenerate the cache if it is older than this many seconds.
#
my $cache_max_age = 60 * 60 * 3;   # 3 hours


# This matches files that we are allowed to use as images (case-insensitive.)
# Anything not matching this is ignored.  This is so you can point your
# imageDirectory at directory trees that have things other than images in
# them, but it assumes that you gave your images sensible file extensions.
#
my @good_extensions = ('jpg', 'jpeg', 'pjpeg', 'pjpg', 'png', 'gif',
                       'tif', 'tiff', 'xbm', 'xpm');
my $good_file_re = '\.(' . join("|", @good_extensions) . ')$';

# This matches file extensions that might occur in an image directory,
# and that are never used in the name of a subdirectory.  This is an
# optimization that prevents us from having to stat() those files to
# tell whether they are directories or not.  (It speeds things up a
# lot.  Don't give your directories stupid names.)
#
my @nondir_extensions = ('ai', 'bmp', 'bz2', 'cr2', 'crw', 'db',
   'dmg', 'eps', 'gz', 'hqx', 'htm', 'html', 'icns', 'ilbm', 'mov',
   'nef', 'pbm', 'pdf', 'pl', 'ppm', 'ps', 'psd', 'sea', 'sh', 'shtml',
   'tar', 'tgz', 'thb', 'txt', 'xcf', 'xmp', 'Z', 'zip' );
my $nondir_re = '\.(' . join("|", @nondir_extensions) . ')$';


# JPEG, GIF, and PNG files that are are smaller than this are rejected:
# this is so that you can use an image directory that contains both big
# images and thumbnails, and have it only select the big versions.
#
my $min_image_width  = 255;
my $min_image_height = 255;

my @all_files = ();         # list of "good" files we've collected
my %seen_inodes;            # for breaking recursive symlink loops

# For diagnostic messages:
#
my $dir_count = 1;          # number of directories seen
my $stat_count = 0;	    # number of files/dirs stat'ed
my $skip_count_unstat = 0;  # number of files skipped without stat'ing
my $skip_count_stat = 0;    # number of files skipped after stat

sub find_all_files {
  my ($dir) = @_;

  print STDERR "$progname:  + reading dir $dir/...\n" if ($verbose > 1);

  local *DIR;
  if (! opendir (DIR, $dir)) {
    print STDERR "$progname: couldn't open $dir: $!\n" if ($verbose);
    return;
  }
  my @files = readdir (DIR);
  closedir (DIR);

  my @dirs = ();

  foreach my $file (@files) {
    next if ($file =~ m/^\./);      # silently ignore dot files/dirs

    if ($file =~ m/[~%\#]$/) {      # ignore backup files (and dirs...)
      $skip_count_unstat++;
      print STDERR "$progname:  - skip file  $file\n" if ($verbose > 1);
    }

    $file = "$dir/$file";

    if ($file =~ m/$good_file_re/io) {
      #
      # Assume that files ending in .jpg exist and are not directories.
      #
      push @all_files, $file;
      print STDERR "$progname:  - found file $file\n" if ($verbose > 1);

    } elsif ($file =~ m/$nondir_re/io) {
      #
      # Assume that files ending in .html are not directories.
      #
      $skip_count_unstat++;
      print STDERR "$progname: -- skip file  $file\n" if ($verbose > 1);

    } else {
      #
      # Now we need to stat the file to see if it's a subdirectory.
      #
      # Note: we could use the trick of checking "nlinks" on the parent
      # directory to see if this directory contains any subdirectories,
      # but that would exclude any symlinks to directories.
      #
      my @st = stat($file);
      my ($dev,$ino,$mode,$nlink,$uid,$gid,$rdev,$size,
          $atime,$mtime,$ctime,$blksize,$blocks) = @st;

      $stat_count++;

      if ($#st == -1) {
        if ($verbose) {
          my $ll = readlink $file;
          if (defined ($ll)) {
            print STDERR "$progname: + dangling symlink: $file -> $ll\n";
          } else {
            print STDERR "$progname: + unreadable: $file\n";
          }
        }
        next;
      }

      next if ($seen_inodes{"$dev:$ino"}); # break symlink loops
      $seen_inodes{"$dev:$ino"} = 1;

      if (S_ISDIR($mode)) {
        push @dirs, $file;
        $dir_count++;
        print STDERR "$progname:  + found dir  $file\n" if ($verbose > 1);

      } else {
        $skip_count_stat++;
        print STDERR "$progname:  + skip file  $file\n" if ($verbose > 1);
      }
    }
  }

  foreach (@dirs) {
    find_all_files ($_);
  }
}


sub spotlight_all_files {
  my ($dir) = @_;

  my @terms = ();
  # "public.image" matches all (indexed) images, including Photoshop, etc.
#  push @terms, "kMDItemContentTypeTree == 'public.image'";
  foreach (@good_extensions) {

    # kMDItemFSName hits the file system every time: much worse than "find".
#    push @terms, "kMDItemFSName == '*.$_'";

    # kMDItemDisplayName matches against the name in the Spotlight index,
    # but won't find files that (for whatever reason) didn't get indexed.
    push @terms, "kMDItemDisplayName == '*.$_'";
  }

  $dir =~ s@([^-_/a-z\d.,])@\\$1@gsi;  # quote for sh
  my $cmd = "mdfind -onlyin $dir \"" . join (' || ', @terms) . "\"";

  print STDERR "$progname: executing: $cmd\n" if ($verbose > 1);
  @all_files = split (/[\r\n]+/, `$cmd`);
}


# If we're using cacheing, read the cache file and return its contents,
# if any.  This also holds an exclusive lock on the cache file, which 
# has the additional benefit that if two copies of this program are
# running at once, one will wait for the other, instead of both of
# them spanking the same file system at the same time.
#
local *CACHE_FILE;
my $cache_file_name = undef;
my $read_cache_p = 0;

sub read_cache($) {
  my ($dir) = @_;

  return () unless ($cache_p);

  my $dd = "$ENV{HOME}/Library/Caches";    # MacOS location
  if (-d $dd) {
    $cache_file_name = "$dd/org.jwz.xscreensaver.getimage.cache";
  } elsif (-d "$ENV{HOME}/tmp") {
    $cache_file_name = "$ENV{HOME}/tmp/.xscreensaver-getimage.cache";
  } else {
    $cache_file_name = "$ENV{HOME}/.xscreensaver-getimage.cache";
  }

  print STDERR "$progname: awaiting lock: $cache_file_name\n"
    if ($verbose > 1);

  my $file = $cache_file_name;
  open (CACHE_FILE, "+>>$file") || error ("unable to write $file: $!");
  flock (CACHE_FILE, LOCK_EX)   || error ("unable to lock $file: $!");
  seek (CACHE_FILE, 0, 0)       || error ("unable to rewind $file: $!");

  my $mtime = (stat(CACHE_FILE))[9];

  if ($mtime + $cache_max_age < time) {
    print STDERR "$progname: cache is too old\n" if ($verbose);
    return ();
  }

  my $odir = <CACHE_FILE>;
  $odir =~ s/[\r\n]+$//s if defined ($odir);
  if (!defined ($odir) || ($dir ne $odir)) {
    print STDERR "$progname: cache is for $odir, not $dir\n"
      if ($verbose && $odir);
    return ();
  }

  my @files = ();
  while (<CACHE_FILE>) { 
    s/[\r\n]+$//s;
    push @files, "$odir/$_";
  }

  print STDERR "$progname: " . ($#files+1) . " files in cache\n"
    if ($verbose);

  $read_cache_p = 1;
  return @files;
}


sub write_cache($) {
  my ($dir) = @_;

  return unless ($cache_p);

  # If we read the cache, just close it without rewriting it.
  # If we didn't read it, then write it now.

  if (! $read_cache_p) {

    truncate (CACHE_FILE, 0) ||
      error ("unable to truncate $cache_file_name: $!");
    seek (CACHE_FILE, 0, 0) ||
      error ("unable to rewind $cache_file_name: $!");

    if ($#all_files >= 0) {
      print CACHE_FILE "$dir\n";
      my $re = qr/$dir/;
      foreach (@all_files) {
        my $f = $_; # stupid Perl. do this to avoid modifying @all_files!
        $f =~ s@^$re/@@so || die;
        print CACHE_FILE "$f\n";
      }
    }

    print STDERR "$progname: cached " . ($#all_files+1) . " files\n"
      if ($verbose);
  }

  flock (CACHE_FILE, LOCK_UN) ||
    error ("unable to unlock $cache_file_name: $!");
  close (CACHE_FILE);
}


sub find_random_file($) {
  my ($dir) = @_;

  $dir =~ s@/+$@@g;

  if ($use_spotlight_p == -1) {
    $use_spotlight_p = 0;
    if (-x '/usr/bin/mdfind') {
      $use_spotlight_p = 1;
    }
  }

  @all_files = read_cache ($dir);

  if ($#all_files >= 0) {
    # got it from the cache...

  } elsif ($use_spotlight_p) {
    print STDERR "$progname: spotlighting $dir...\n" if ($verbose);
    spotlight_all_files ($dir);
    print STDERR "$progname: found " . ($#all_files+1) .
                 " file" . ($#all_files == 0 ? "" : "s") .
                 " via Spotlight\n"
      if ($verbose);
  } else {
    print STDERR "$progname: recursively reading $dir...\n" if ($verbose);
    find_all_files ($dir);
    print STDERR "$progname: " .
                 "f=" . ($#all_files+1) . "; " .
                 "d=$dir_count; " .
                 "s=$stat_count; " .
                 "skip=${skip_count_unstat}+$skip_count_stat=" .
                  ($skip_count_unstat + $skip_count_stat) .
                 ".\n"
      if ($verbose);
  }

  write_cache ($dir);

  @all_files = sort(@all_files);

  if ($#all_files < 0) {
    print STDERR "$progname: no files in $dir\n";
    exit 1;
  }

  my $max_tries = 50;
  for (my $i = 0; $i < $max_tries; $i++) {

    my $n = int (rand ($#all_files + 1));
    my $file = $all_files[$n];
    if (large_enough_p ($file)) {
      return $file;
    }
  }

  print STDERR "$progname: no suitable images in $dir " .
               "(after $max_tries tries)\n";
  exit 1;
}


sub large_enough_p {
  my ($file) = @_;

  my ($w, $h) = image_file_size ($file);

  if (!defined ($h)) {
    print STDERR "$progname: $file: unable to determine image size\n"
      if ($verbose);
    # Assume that unknown files are of good sizes: this will happen if
    # they matched $good_file_re, but we don't have code to parse them.
    # (This will also happen if the file is junk...)
    return 1;
  }

  if ($w < $min_image_width || $h < $min_image_height) {
    print STDERR "$progname: $file: too small ($w x $h)\n" if ($verbose);
    return 0;
  }

  print STDERR "$progname: $file: $w x $h\n" if ($verbose);
  return 1;
}



# Given the raw body of a GIF document, returns the dimensions of the image.
#
sub gif_size {
  my ($body) = @_;
  my $type = substr($body, 0, 6);
  my $s;
  return () unless ($type =~ /GIF8[7,9]a/);
  $s = substr ($body, 6, 10);
  my ($a,$b,$c,$d) = unpack ("C"x4, $s);
  return (($b<<8|$a), ($d<<8|$c));
}

# Given the raw body of a JPEG document, returns the dimensions of the image.
#
sub jpeg_size {
  my ($body) = @_;
  my $i = 0;
  my $L = length($body);

  my $c1 = substr($body, $i, 1); $i++;
  my $c2 = substr($body, $i, 1); $i++;
  return () unless (ord($c1) == 0xFF && ord($c2) == 0xD8);

  my $ch = "0";
  while (ord($ch) != 0xDA && $i < $L) {
    # Find next marker, beginning with 0xFF.
    while (ord($ch) != 0xFF) {
      return () if (length($body) <= $i);
      $ch = substr($body, $i, 1); $i++;
    }
    # markers can be padded with any number of 0xFF.
    while (ord($ch) == 0xFF) {
      return () if (length($body) <= $i);
      $ch = substr($body, $i, 1); $i++;
    }

    # $ch contains the value of the marker.
    my $marker = ord($ch);

    if (($marker >= 0xC0) &&
        ($marker <= 0xCF) &&
        ($marker != 0xC4) &&
        ($marker != 0xCC)) {  # it's a SOFn marker
      $i += 3;
      return () if (length($body) <= $i);
      my $s = substr($body, $i, 4); $i += 4;
      my ($a,$b,$c,$d) = unpack("C"x4, $s);
      return (($c<<8|$d), ($a<<8|$b));

    } else {
      # We must skip variables, since FFs in variable names aren't
      # valid JPEG markers.
      return () if (length($body) <= $i);
      my $s = substr($body, $i, 2); $i += 2;
      my ($c1, $c2) = unpack ("C"x2, $s);
      my $length = ($c1 << 8) | $c2;
      return () if ($length < 2);
      $i += $length-2;
    }
  }
  return ();
}

# Given the raw body of a PNG document, returns the dimensions of the image.
#
sub png_size {
  my ($body) = @_;
  return () unless ($body =~ m/^\211PNG\r/s);
  my ($bits) = ($body =~ m/^.{12}(.{12})/s);
  return () unless defined ($bits);
  return () unless ($bits =~ /^IHDR/);
  my ($ign, $w, $h) = unpack("a4N2", $bits);
  return ($w, $h);
}


# Given the raw body of a GIF, JPEG, or PNG document, returns the dimensions
# of the image.
#
sub image_size {
  my ($body) = @_;
  return () if (length($body) < 10);
  my ($w, $h) = gif_size ($body);
  if ($w && $h) { return ($w, $h); }
  ($w, $h) = jpeg_size ($body);
  if ($w && $h) { return ($w, $h); }
  # #### TODO: need image parsers for TIFF, XPM, XBM.
  return png_size ($body);
}

# Returns the dimensions of the image file.
#
sub image_file_size {
  my ($file) = @_;
  local *IN;
  if (! open (IN, "<$file")) {
    print STDERR "$progname: $file: $!\n" if ($verbose);
    return undef;
  }
  binmode (IN);  # Larry can take Unicode and shove it up his ass sideways.
  my $body = '';
  sysread (IN, $body, 1024 * 50);   # The first 50k should be enough.
  close IN;			    # (It's not for certain huge jpegs...
  return image_size ($body);	    # but we know they're huge!)
}


sub error($) {
  my ($err) = @_;
  print STDERR "$progname: $err\n";
  exit 1;
}

sub usage {
  print STDERR "usage: $progname [--verbose] directory\n" .
  "       Prints the name of a randomly-selected image file.  The directory\n" .
  "       is searched recursively.  Images smaller than " .
         "${min_image_width}x${min_image_height} are excluded.\n";
  exit 1;
}

sub main {
  my $dir = undef;

  while ($_ = $ARGV[0]) {
    shift @ARGV;
    if ($_ eq "--verbose") { $verbose++; }
    elsif (m/^-v+$/) { $verbose += length($_)-1; }
    elsif ($_ eq "--name") { }     # ignored, for compatibility
    elsif ($_ eq "--spotlight")    { $use_spotlight_p = 1; }
    elsif ($_ eq "--no-spotlight") { $use_spotlight_p = 0; }
    elsif ($_ eq "--cache")        { $cache_p = 1; }
    elsif ($_ eq "--no-cache")     { $cache_p = 0; }
    elsif (m/^-./) { usage; }
    elsif (!defined($dir)) { $dir = $_; }
    else { usage; }
  }

  usage unless (defined($dir));

  $dir =~ s@^~/@$ENV{HOME}/@s;     # allow literal "~/"

  if (! -d $dir) {
    print STDERR "$progname: $dir: not a directory\n";
    usage;
  }

  my $file = find_random_file ($dir);
  print STDOUT "$file\n";
}

main;
exit 0;
