# Library Coq.Sorting.Permutation

## List permutations as a composition of adjacent transpositions

Require Import List Setoid.
Local Notation "[ ]" := nil.
Local Notation "[ a ; .. ; b ]" := (a :: .. (b :: []) ..).
Section Permutation.
Variable A:Type.
Inductive Permutation : list A -> list A -> Prop :=
| perm_nil: Permutation [] []
| perm_skip x l l' : Permutation l l' -> Permutation (x::l) (x::l')
| perm_swap x y l : Permutation (y::x::l) (x::y::l)
| perm_trans l l' l'' : Permutation l l' -> Permutation l' l'' -> Permutation l l''.
Local Hint Constructors Permutation.
Some facts about Permutation
Theorem Permutation_nil : forall (l : list A), Permutation [] l -> l = [].
Theorem Permutation_nil_cons : forall (l : list A) (x : A), ~ Permutation nil (x::l).
Permutation over lists is a equivalence relation
Theorem Permutation_refl : forall l : list A, Permutation l l.
Theorem Permutation_sym : forall l l' : list A, Permutation l l' -> Permutation l' l.
Theorem Permutation_trans : forall l l' l'' : list A, Permutation l l' -> Permutation l' l'' -> Permutation l l''.
End Permutation.
Hint Resolve Permutation_refl perm_nil perm_skip.
Local Hint Resolve perm_swap perm_trans.
Local Hint Resolve Permutation_sym Permutation_trans.
Instance Permutation_Equivalence A : Equivalence (@Permutation A) | 10 := {
Equivalence_Reflexive := @Permutation_refl A ;
Equivalence_Symmetric := @Permutation_sym A ;
Equivalence_Transitive := @Permutation_trans A }.
Add Parametric Morphism A (a:A) : (cons a)
with signature @Permutation A ==> @Permutation A
as Permutation_cons.
Section Permutation_properties.
Variable A:Type.
Implicit Types a b : A.
Implicit Types l m : list A.
Compatibility with others operations on lists
Theorem Permutation_in : forall (l l' : list A) (x : A), Permutation l l' -> In x l -> In x l'.
Lemma Permutation_app_tail : forall (l l' tl : list A), Permutation l l' -> Permutation (l++tl) (l'++tl).
Lemma Permutation_app_head : forall (l tl tl' : list A), Permutation tl tl' -> Permutation (l++tl) (l++tl').
Theorem Permutation_app : forall (l m l' m' : list A), Permutation l l' -> Permutation m m' -> Permutation (l++m) (l'++m').
Add Parametric Morphism : (@app A)
with signature @Permutation A ==> @Permutation A ==> @Permutation A
as Permutation_app'.
Qed.
Lemma Permutation_add_inside : forall a (l l' tl tl' : list A),
Permutation l l' -> Permutation tl tl' ->
Permutation (l ++ a :: tl) (l' ++ a :: tl').
Theorem Permutation_app_comm : forall (l l' : list A),
Permutation (l ++ l') (l' ++ l).
Theorem Permutation_cons_app : forall (l l1 l2:list A) a,
Permutation l (l1 ++ l2) -> Permutation (a :: l) (l1 ++ a :: l2).
Local Hint Resolve Permutation_cons_app.
Theorem Permutation_middle : forall (l1 l2:list A) a,
Permutation (a :: l1 ++ l2) (l1 ++ a :: l2).
Theorem Permutation_rev : forall (l : list A), Permutation l (rev l).
Theorem Permutation_length : forall (l l' : list A), Permutation l l' -> length l = length l'.
Theorem Permutation_ind_bis :
forall P : list A -> list A -> Prop,
P [] [] ->
(forall x l l', Permutation l l' -> P l l' -> P (x :: l) (x :: l')) ->
(forall x y l l', Permutation l l' -> P l l' -> P (y :: x :: l) (x :: y :: l')) ->
(forall l l' l'', Permutation l l' -> P l l' -> Permutation l' l'' -> P l' l'' -> P l l'') ->
forall l l', Permutation l l' -> P l l'.
Ltac break_list l x l' H :=
destruct l as [|x l']; simpl in *;
injection H; intros; subst; clear H.
Theorem Permutation_app_inv : forall (l1 l2 l3 l4:list A) a,
Permutation (l1++a::l2) (l3++a::l4) -> Permutation (l1++l2) (l3 ++ l4).
Theorem Permutation_cons_inv :
forall l l' a, Permutation (a::l) (a::l') -> Permutation l l'.
Theorem Permutation_cons_app_inv :
forall l l1 l2 a, Permutation (a :: l) (l1 ++ a :: l2) -> Permutation l (l1 ++ l2).
Theorem Permutation_app_inv_l :
forall l l1 l2, Permutation (l ++ l1) (l ++ l2) -> Permutation l1 l2.
Theorem Permutation_app_inv_r :
forall l l1 l2, Permutation (l1 ++ l) (l2 ++ l) -> Permutation l1 l2.
Lemma Permutation_length_1_inv: forall a l, Permutation [a] l -> l = [a].
Lemma Permutation_length_1: forall a b, Permutation [a] [b] -> a = b.
Lemma Permutation_length_2_inv :
forall a1 a2 l, Permutation [a1;a2] l -> l = [a1;a2] \/ l = [a2;a1].
Lemma Permutation_length_2 :
forall a1 a2 b1 b2, Permutation [a1;a2] [b1;b2] ->
a1 = b1 /\ a2 = b2 \/ a1 = b2 /\ a2 = b1.
Lemma NoDup_Permutation : forall l l',
NoDup l -> NoDup l' -> (forall x:A, In x l <-> In x l') -> Permutation l l'.
End Permutation_properties.
Section Permutation_map.
Variable A B : Type.
Variable f : A -> B.
Add Parametric Morphism : (map f)
with signature (@Permutation A) ==> (@Permutation B) as Permutation_map_aux.
Lemma Permutation_map :
forall l l', Permutation l l' -> Permutation (map f l) (map f l').
End Permutation_map.