FreeBSD Handbook
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# Chapter 4 UNIX Basics

Rewritten by Chris Shumway.

# 4.1 Synopsis

This chapter covers the basic commands and functionality of the FreeBSD operating system. Much of this material is relevant for any UNIX®-like operating system. New FreeBSD users are encouraged to read through this chapter carefully.

After reading this chapter, you will know:

- How to use the “virtual consoles” of FreeBSD.

- How UNIX file permissions and FreeBSD file flags work.

- The default FreeBSD file system layout.

- The FreeBSD disk organization.

- How to mount and unmount file systems.

- What processes, daemons, and signals are.

- What a shell is, and how to change your default login environment.

- How to use basic text editors.

- What devices and device nodes are.

- What binary format is used under FreeBSD.

- How to read manual pages for more information.

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