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# 24.5 Localizing FreeBSD to Specific Languages

## 24.5.1 Russian Language (KOI8-R Encoding)

Originally contributed by Andrey Chernov.

For more information about KOI8-R encoding, refer to KOI8-R References (Russian Net Character Set).

### 24.5.1.1 Locale Setup

To set this locale, put the following lines into each user's `~/.login_conf`:

    me:My Account:\
    	:charset=KOI8-R:\
    	:lang=ru_RU.KOI8-R:

### 24.5.1.2 Console Setup

- Add the following lines to `/etc/rc.conf`:

      keymap="ru.koi8-r"
      scrnmap="koi8-r2cp866"
      font8x16="cp866b-8x16"
      font8x14="cp866-8x14"
      font8x8="cp866-8x8"
      mousechar_start=3

- For each `ttyv` entry in `/etc/ttys`, use `cons25r` as the terminal type.

### 24.5.1.3 Printer Setup

Since most printers with Russian characters come with hardware code page CP866, a special output filter is needed to convert from KOI8-R to CP866. FreeBSD installs a default filter as `/usr/libexec/lpr/ru/koi2alt`. A Russian printer `/etc/printcap` entry should look like:

    lp|Russian local line printer:\
    	:sh:of=/usr/libexec/lpr/ru/koi2alt:\
    	:lp=/dev/lpt0:sd=/var/spool/output/lpd:lf=/var/log/lpd-errs:

Refer to printcap(5) for a more detailed description.

### 24.5.1.4 MS-DOS® and Russian Filenames

The following example fstab(5) entry enables support for Russian filenames in mounted MS-DOS® filesystems:

    /dev/ad0s2      /dos/c  msdos   rw,-Lru_RU.KOI8-R 0 0

`-L` selects the locale name. Refer to mount_msdosfs(8) for more details.

### 24.5.1.5 Xorg Setup

1. First, configure the non-X locale setup.

2. When using Xorg, install the `x11-fonts/xorg-fonts-cyrillic` package.

   Check the `"Files"` section in `/etc/X11/xorg.conf`. The following line must be added before any other `FontPath` entries:

       FontPath   "/usr/local/lib/X11/fonts/cyrillic"

   > Note: Search the Ports Collection for more Cyrillic fonts.

3. To activate a Russian keyboard, add the following to the `"Keyboard"` section of `/etc/xorg.conf`:

       Option "XkbLayout"   "us,ru"
       Option "XkbOptions"  "grp:toggle"

   Make sure that `XkbDisable` is commented out in that file.

   For `grp:toggle` use Right Alt, for `grp:ctrl_shift_toggle` use Ctrl+Shift. For `grp:caps_toggle` use CapsLock. The old CapsLock function is still available in LAT mode only using Shift+CapsLock. `grp:caps_toggle` does not work in Xorg for some unknown reason.

   If the keyboard has “Windows®” keys, and some non-alphabetical keys are mapped incorrectly, add the following line to `/etc/xorg.conf`:

       Option "XkbVariant" ",winkeys"

   > Note: The Russian XKB keyboard may not work with non-localized applications.

> Note: Minimally localized applications should call a `XtSetLanguageProc (NULL, NULL, NULL);` function early in the program.

> See KOI8-R for X Window for more instructions on localizing Xorg applications.

## 24.5.2 Traditional Chinese Localization for Taiwan

The FreeBSD-Taiwan Project has a Chinese HOWTO for FreeBSD at http://netlab.cse.yzu.edu.tw/~statue/freebsd/zh-tut/ using many Chinese ports. The current editor for the `FreeBSD Chinese HOWTO` is Shen Chuan-Hsing `<statue@freebsd.sinica.edu.tw>`.

## 24.5.3 German Language Localization for All ISO 8859-1 Languages

Slaven Rezic `<eserte@cs.tu-berlin.de>` wrote a tutorial on using umlauts on FreeBSD. The tutorial is written in German and is available at http://user.cs.tu-berlin.de/~eserte/FreeBSD/doc/umlaute/umlaute.html.

## 24.5.4 Greek Language Localization

Nikos Kokkalis `<nickkokkalis@gmail.com>` has written a complete article on Greek support in FreeBSD. It is available here, in Greek only, as part of the official FreeBSD Greek documentation.

## 24.5.5 Japanese and Korean Language Localization

For Japanese, refer to http://www.jp.FreeBSD.org/, and for Korean, refer to http://www.kr.FreeBSD.org/.

## 24.5.6 Non-English FreeBSD Documentation

Some FreeBSD contributors have translated parts of the FreeBSD documentation to other languages. They are available through links on the main site or in `/usr/share/doc`.

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