coplot               package:graphics               R Documentation

Conditioning Plots

Description:

     This function produces two variants of the *co*nditioning plots
     discussed in the reference below.

Usage:

     coplot(formula, data, given.values, panel = points, rows, columns,
            show.given = TRUE, col = par("fg"), pch = par("pch"), 
            bar.bg = c(num = gray(0.8), fac = gray(0.95)),
            xlab = c(x.name, paste("Given :", a.name)),
            ylab = c(y.name, paste("Given :", b.name)),
            subscripts = FALSE,
            axlabels = function(f) abbreviate(levels(f)),
            number = 6, overlap = 0.5, xlim, ylim, ...) 
     co.intervals(x, number = 6, overlap = 0.5)

Arguments:

 formula: a formula describing the form of conditioning plot.  A
          formula of the form 'y ~ x | a' indicates that plots of 'y'
          versus 'x' should be produced conditional on the variable
          'a'.  A formula of the form 'y ~ x| a * b' indicates that
          plots of 'y' versus 'x' should be produced conditional on the
          two variables 'a' and 'b'.

          All three or four variables may be either numeric or factors.
          When 'x' or 'y' are factors, the result is almost as if
          'as.numeric()' was applied, whereas for factor 'a' or 'b',
          the conditioning (and its graphics if 'show.given' is true)
          are adapted. 

    data: a data frame containing values for any variables in the
          formula.  By default the environment where 'coplot' was
          called from is used.

given.values: a value or list of two values which determine how the
          conditioning on 'a' and 'b' is to take place.

          When there is no 'b' (i.e., conditioning only on 'a'),
          usually this is a matrix with two columns each row of which
          gives an interval, to be conditioned on, but is can also be a
          single vector of numbers or a set of factor levels (if the
          variable being conditioned on is a factor). In this case (no
          'b'), the result of 'co.intervals' can be used directly as
          'given.values' argument. 

   panel: a 'function(x, y, col, pch, ...)' which gives the action to
          be carried out in each panel of the display.  The default is
          'points'.

    rows: the panels of the plot are laid out in a 'rows' by 'columns'
          array.  'rows' gives the number of rows in the array.

 columns: the number of columns in the panel layout array.

show.given: logical (possibly of length 2 for 2 conditioning
          variables): should conditioning plots be shown for the
          corresponding conditioning variables (default 'TRUE')

     col: a vector of colors to be used to plot the points.  If too
          short, the values are recycled.

     pch: a vector of plotting symbols or characters.  If too short,
          the values are recycled.

  bar.bg: a named vector with components '"num"' and '"fac"' giving the
          background colors for the (shingle) bars, for *num*eric and
          *fac*tor conditioning variables respectively.

    xlab: character; labels to use for the x axis and the first
          conditioning variable.  If only one label is given, it is
          used for the x axis and the default label is used for the
          conditioning variable.

    ylab: character; labels to use for the y axis and any second
          conditioning variable.

subscripts: logical: if true the panel function is given an additional
          (third) argument 'subscripts' giving the subscripts of the
          data passed to that panel.

axlabels: function for creating axis (tick) labels when x or y are
          factors.

  number: integer; the number of conditioning intervals, for a and b,
          possibly of length 2.  It is only used if the corresponding
          conditioning variable is not a 'factor'.

 overlap: numeric < 1; the fraction of overlap of the conditioning
          variables, possibly of length 2 for x and y direction.  When
          overlap < 0, there will be _gaps_ between the data slices.

    xlim: the range for the x axis.

    ylim: the range for the y axis.

     ...: additional arguments to the panel function.

       x: a numeric vector.

Details:

     In the case of a single conditioning variable 'a', when both
     'rows' and 'columns' are unspecified, a "close to square" layout
     is chosen with 'columns >= rows'.

     In the case of multiple 'rows', the _order_ of the panel plots is
     from the bottom and from the left (corresponding to increasing
     'a', typically).

     A panel function should not attempt to start a new plot, but just
     plot within a given coordinate system: thus 'plot' and 'boxplot'
     are not panel functions.

Value:

     'co.intervals(., number, .)' returns a ('number' x 2) 'matrix',
     say 'ci',  where 'ci[k,]' is the 'range' of 'x' values for the
     'k'-th interval.

References:

     Chambers, J. M. (1992) _Data for models._ Chapter 3 of
     _Statistical Models in S_ eds J. M. Chambers and T. J. Hastie,
     Wadsworth & Brooks/Cole.

     Cleveland, W. S. (1993) _Visualizing Data._ New Jersey: Summit
     Press.

See Also:

     'pairs', 'panel.smooth', 'points'.

Examples:

     ## Tonga Trench Earthquakes
     data(quakes)
     coplot(lat ~ long | depth, data = quakes)
     given.depth <- co.intervals(quakes$depth, number=4, overlap=.1)
     coplot(lat ~ long | depth, data = quakes, given.v=given.depth, rows=1)

     ## Conditioning on 2 variables:
     ll.dm <- lat ~ long | depth * mag
     coplot(ll.dm, data = quakes)
     coplot(ll.dm, data = quakes, number=c(4,7), show.given=c(TRUE,FALSE))
     coplot(ll.dm, data = quakes, number=c(3,7),
            overlap=c(-.5,.1)) # negative overlap DROPS values

     data(warpbreaks)
     ## given two factors
     Index <- seq(length=nrow(warpbreaks)) # to get nicer default labels
     coplot(breaks ~ Index | wool * tension, data = warpbreaks, show.given = 0:1)
     coplot(breaks ~ Index | wool * tension, data = warpbreaks,
            col = "red", bg = "pink", pch = 21, bar.bg = c(fac = "light blue"))

     ## Example with empty panels:
     data(state)
     attach(data.frame(state.x77))#> don't need 'data' arg. below
     coplot(Life.Exp ~ Income | Illiteracy * state.region, number = 3,
            panel = function(x, y, ...) panel.smooth(x, y, span = .8, ...))
     ## y ~ factor -- not really sensical, but 'show off':
     coplot(Life.Exp ~ state.region | Income * state.division,
            panel = panel.smooth)
     detach() # data.frame(state.x77)

