0.	Contents
	--------

  1.	VM options relating to sound
  2.	Configuring sound support in Squeak
  3.	Sound system-specific notes
  3.1.		Open Sound System
  3.1.1			Possible Problems with OSS
  3.2.		Network Audio System
  3.3.		SunOS/Solaris
  4.	The future of Squeak sound on Unix


1.	VM options relating to sound
	----------------------------

Squeak includes primitives to modify the recording and playback
levels.  These primitives are sometimes invoked automatically on your
behalf by "helpful" code in the image.  (E.g., the recording level is
set to 50% whenever the SoundRecorder is started.)  Many people
(including myself) find this to be totally unnacceptable behaviour;
mixer settings are the responsibility of an (external) mixer program
and Squeak has no business whatsoever fiddling with them.

If the VM is started with the option `-nomixer' (or if the variable
SQUEAK_NOMIXER is set in the environment) then the primitives which
write mixer levels are disabled.  (The image will think they succeed
but in fact they do nothing at all.)


2.	Configuring sound support in Squeak
	-----------------------------------

The `configure' script should figure out which sound support to use
(if any) all by itself.  It looks for sound support in this order:

	Open Sound System (or Linux native sound)
	SunOS/Solaris
	Network Audio System

and chooses the first one it finds.  If it doesn't find any of the
above then the VM will still compile but sound support will be
disabled.

If you have more than one kind of sound support on your system (Sparc
systems might have all three installed) then you can specify which one
to use explicitly, like this:

	.../configure --with-audio=oss
or	.../configure --with-audio=sun
or	.../configure --with-audio=nas
or	.../configure --with-audio=none

The default (not shown in the above list) is `auto' which means: "use
the first of the above sound systems that appears to be available".
Specifying `none' turns off sound support in the VM even if it is
available.

If you explicitly choose the desired sound support this way but
`configure' cannot find the necessary header files then sound support
will be disabled totally (i.e., `configure' isn't about to hassle
itself with hunting for alternatives when the particular support you
asked for is unavailable).


3.	Sound system-specific notes
	---------------------------

Below are some notes on the different sound systems supported in
Unix Squeak.

3.1. Open Sound System

Full support for playback and recording is implemented and should work
perfectly.  Full-duplex (simultaneous recording and playback) should
work on devices that support it.  (You'll need to change
`canRecordWhilePlaying' in the image preferences, and then fix all the
bugs in the SoundPlayer and SoundRecorder which effectively prevent
the latter from ever starting up when the former is active.)

Note that OSS is available in three flavours:

  1. Linux native sound drivers (bundled with the kernel).  Many of
     these are hopelessly broken.  I've had bad experiences on both
     PowerMac (awacs chip) and stock PC hardware (using the NM256 codec
     and AC97 mixer chips).  Whether the OSS support works for you
     largely depends on how well your particular sound drivers are
     implemented.

  2. Commercial version (http://www.opensound.com).  I've no idea how
     well these work.  (I refuse to pay for software of any kind.)
     Experience reports (either good or bad) would be appreciated.

  3. The snd-pcm-oss compatibility module in the ALSA (Advanced Linux
     Sound Architecture) drivers (http://www.alsa-project.org).  Squeak
     sound works flawlessly with this driver.  (This isn't surprising:
     after 10 days of total failure to make the Linux native OSS support
     work I installed ALSA and finished the work using snd-pcm-oss.)  If
     you experience any problems at all with either the Linux native
     sound or commercial OSS then you are strongly encouraged to switch
     to ALSA instead.

You might also consider turning on `soundStopWhenDone' in the image
preferences since this will make Squeak much friendlier towards any
other sound applications or daemons that might want to make noises
from time to time and which would otherwise find /dev/dsp to be
unavailable after Squeak has played its first sound.

3.1.1 Possible Problems with OSS

Ned Konz discovered that it's sometimes necessary to tell Linux (using
ALSA and OSS compatibility modules) that Squeak wants to open the
sound device in non-blocking mode.  If sound output in Squeak seems to
be playing things ``on top of themselves'' then you might want to try
the following (or something similar) as root to see if it cures the
problem:

	# echo "squeak 0 0 block" > /proc/asound/card0/pcm0p/oss

3.2. Network Audio System

Support for playback and recording is implemented.  Playback should
work perfectly but I've had some problems making recording work.
(I've had trouvle with the NAS utility `aurecord' too, so the fault is
not necessarily with Squeak.)

The latest source for the NAS daemon and utilites can be found at:
http://www.radscan.com/nas.html.  (You'll have to compile it for
yourself.)

Note that NAS is broken on big-endian Linux machines.  I've patched
the daemon to fix this.  If you want the patches, send me email
(mailto:ian.piumarta@inria.fr).

3.3. SunOS/Solaris

The support hasn't been tested in ages.  I haven't a clue if it still
works.


4.	The future of Squeak sound on Unix
	----------------------------------

Direct support for the ALSA drivers is on the TO-DO list.

Plans are afoot to add "modules" to the Unix VM.  This will make many
configure-time options (such as sound support, window support, etc.)
irrelevant.  Instead `configure' will figure out what's available,
compile support for everything into separate modules, and then leave
you to pick which one(s) you want to use at run time.















































































The remainder of this file isn't for reading.  It's here in case you
have problems with OSS support.  Turn on `#define DEBUG' near the top
of `sqUnixSoundOSS.c' and recompile.  In the "more about music"
project you can record and then playback a sound and the OSS code will
tell you what it's doing, which should be something like the
following.

[piumarta@emilia current]$ date
Mon May 27 20:34:52 CEST 2002
[piumarta@emilia current]$ bld/squeak Squeak3.1c-4478
sound: stop
sound: start recording
sound: /dev/dsp: opened with mode 0
sound: /dev/dsp: driver formats (1f9): MU_LAW U8 S16_LE S16_BE S8 U16_LE U16_BE
sound: /dev/dsp: driver capabilities (3201): REALTIME TRIGGER MMAP
sound: /dev/dsp: trying format 20: S16_BE
sound: /dev/dsp: selected driver format 20: S16_BE
sound: /dev/dsp: requesting 1 channels
sound: /dev/dsp: using 1 channels
sound: /dev/dsp: driver: 2 bytes/frame
sound: /dev/dsp: squeak: 2 bytes/frame
sound: /dev/dsp: 11025 samples/sec
sound: /dev/dsp: fragment size set to 2048 (1102 frames requested in 1 channels)
sound: input conversion: none (0x10016af4)
sound: output conversion: none (0x10015cb0)
sound: /dev/dsp: aio enabled, semaphore 2
sound: /dev/mixer: opened with mode 2
sound: /dev/mixer: available devices: vol speaker line mic cd igain
sound: /dev/mixer: rec: device not available
sound: /dev/mixer: igain: level set to 50% + 50%
sound: stop recording
sound: /dev/dsp: aio disabled
sound: /dev/dsp: device closed
sound: stop recording
sound: stop recording
sound: stop
sound: start
sound: /dev/dsp1: No such file or directory
sound: /dev/dsp: opened with mode 1
sound: /dev/dsp: driver formats (1f9): MU_LAW U8 S16_LE S16_BE S8 U16_LE U16_BE
sound: /dev/dsp: driver capabilities (3201): REALTIME TRIGGER MMAP
sound: /dev/dsp: trying format 20: S16_BE
sound: /dev/dsp: selected driver format 20: S16_BE
sound: /dev/dsp: requesting 2 channels
sound: /dev/dsp: using 2 channels
sound: /dev/dsp: driver: 4 bytes/frame
sound: /dev/dsp: squeak: 4 bytes/frame
sound: /dev/dsp: 22050 samples/sec
sound: /dev/dsp: fragment size set to 8192 (2644 frames requested in 2 channels)
sound: input conversion: none (0x10016af4)
sound: output conversion: none (0x10015cb0)
sound: /dev/dsp: aio enabled, semaphore 2
sound: stop
sound: /dev/dsp: aio disabled
sound: /dev/dsp: device closed
sound: stop
[piumarta@emilia current]$ 
