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## org.apache.bcel.classfile
Class Utility

    java.lang.Object
      |
      +--org.apache.bcel.classfile.Utility

public abstract class Utility
extends java.lang.Object

Utility functions that do not really belong to any class in particular.

Version:
  $Id: Utility.java,v 1.5 2002/04/24 11:01:30 mdahm Exp $
Author:
  M. Dahm

Constructor Summary
`Utility()`

Method Summary
`static java.lang.String` | `accessToString(int access_flags)` Convert bit field of flags into string such as `static final'.
`static java.lang.String` | `accessToString(int access_flags, boolean for_class)` Convert bit field of flags into string such as `static final'.
`static java.lang.String` | `classOrInterface(int access_flags)`
`static int` | `clearBit(int flag, int i)`
`static java.lang.String` | `codeToString(byte[] code, ConstantPool constant_pool, int index, int length)`
`static java.lang.String` | `codeToString(byte[] code, ConstantPool constant_pool, int index, int length, boolean verbose)` Disassemble a byte array of JVM byte codes starting from code line `index' and return the disassembled string representation.
`static java.lang.String` | `codeToString(ByteSequence bytes, ConstantPool constant_pool)`
`static java.lang.String` | `codeToString(ByteSequence bytes, ConstantPool constant_pool, boolean verbose)` Disassemble a stream of byte codes and return the string representation.
`static java.lang.String` | `compactClassName(java.lang.String str)` Shorten long class names, java/lang/String becomes String.
`static java.lang.String` | `compactClassName(java.lang.String str, boolean chopit)` Shorten long class names, java/lang/String becomes java.lang.String, e.g..
`static java.lang.String` | `compactClassName(java.lang.String str, java.lang.String prefix, boolean chopit)` Shorten long class name str, i.e., chop off the prefix, if the class name starts with this string and the flag chopit is true.
`static java.lang.String` | `convertString(java.lang.String label)` Escape all occurences of newline chars '\n', quotes \", etc.
`static byte[]` | `decode(java.lang.String s, boolean uncompress)` Decode a string back to a byte array.
`static java.lang.String` | `encode(byte[] bytes, boolean compress)` Encode byte array it into Java identifier string, i.e., a string that only contains the following characters: (a, ... z, A, ...
`static java.lang.String` | `fillup(java.lang.String str, int length, boolean left_justify, char fill)` Fillup char with up to length characters with char `fill' and justify it left or right.
`static java.lang.String` | `format(int i, int length, boolean left_justify, char fill)` Return a string for an integer justified left or right and filled up with `fill' characters if necessary.
`static java.lang.String` | `getSignature(java.lang.String type)` Parse Java type such as "char", or "java.lang.String[]" and return the signature in byte code format, e.g.
`static boolean` | `isJavaIdentifierPart(char ch)`
`static boolean` | `isSet(int flag, int i)`
`static java.lang.String[]` | `methodSignatureArgumentTypes(java.lang.String signature)`
`static java.lang.String[]` | `methodSignatureArgumentTypes(java.lang.String signature, boolean chopit)`
`static java.lang.String` | `methodSignatureReturnType(java.lang.String signature)`
`static java.lang.String` | `methodSignatureReturnType(java.lang.String signature, boolean chopit)`
`static java.lang.String` | `methodSignatureToString(java.lang.String signature, java.lang.String name, java.lang.String access)` Converts method signature to string with all class names compacted.
`static java.lang.String` | `methodSignatureToString(java.lang.String signature, java.lang.String name, java.lang.String access, boolean chopit)`
`static java.lang.String` | `methodSignatureToString(java.lang.String signature, java.lang.String name, java.lang.String access, boolean chopit, LocalVariableTable vars)` A returntype signature represents the return value from a method.
`static java.lang.String` | `methodTypeToSignature(java.lang.String ret, java.lang.String[] argv)` Converts string containing the method return and argument types to a byte code method signature.
`static java.lang.String` | `printArray(java.lang.Object[] obj)`
`static java.lang.String` | `printArray(java.lang.Object[] obj, boolean braces)`
`static java.lang.String` | `printArray(java.lang.Object[] obj, boolean braces, boolean quote)`
`static void` | `printArray(java.io.PrintStream out, java.lang.Object[] obj)`
`static void` | `printArray(java.io.PrintWriter out, java.lang.Object[] obj)`
`static java.lang.String` | `replace(java.lang.String str, java.lang.String old, java.lang.String new_)` Replace all occurences of old in str with new.
`static short` | `searchOpcode(java.lang.String name)` Map opcode names to opcode numbers.
`static int` | `setBit(int flag, int i)`
`static java.lang.String` | `signatureToString(java.lang.String signature)` Converts signature to string with all class names compacted.
`static java.lang.String` | `signatureToString(java.lang.String signature, boolean chopit)` The field signature represents the value of an argument to a function or the value of a variable.
`static java.lang.String` | `toHexString(byte[] bytes)` Convert bytes into hexidecimal string
`static byte` | `typeOfMethodSignature(java.lang.String signature)` Return type of method signature as a byte value as defined in Constants
`static byte` | `typeOfSignature(java.lang.String signature)` Return type of signature as a byte value as defined in Constants

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object
`clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait`

Constructor Detail

### Utility

    public Utility()

Method Detail

### accessToString

    public static final java.lang.String accessToString(int access_flags)

  Convert bit field of flags into string such as `static final'.

  Parameters:
    `access_flags` - Access flags
  Returns:
    String representation of flags

### accessToString

    public static final java.lang.String accessToString(int access_flags,
                                                        boolean for_class)

  Convert bit field of flags into string such as `static final'. Special case: Classes compiled with new compilers and with the `ACC_SUPER' flag would be said to be "synchronized". This is because SUN used the same value for the flags `ACC_SUPER' and `ACC_SYNCHRONIZED'.

  Parameters:
    `access_flags` - Access flags
    `for_class` - access flags are for class qualifiers ?
  Returns:
    String representation of flags

### classOrInterface

    public static final java.lang.String classOrInterface(int access_flags)

  Returns:
    "class" or "interface", depending on the ACC_INTERFACE flag

### codeToString

    public static final java.lang.String codeToString(byte[] code,
                                                      ConstantPool constant_pool,
                                                      int index,
                                                      int length,
                                                      boolean verbose)

  Disassemble a byte array of JVM byte codes starting from code line `index' and return the disassembled string representation. Decode only `num' opcodes (including their operands), use -1 if you want to decompile everything.

  Parameters:
    `code` - byte code array
    `constant_pool` - Array of constants
    `index` - offset in `code' array (number of opcodes, not bytes!)
    `length` - number of opcodes to decompile, -1 for all
    `verbose` - be verbose, e.g. print constant pool index
  Returns:
    String representation of byte codes

### codeToString

    public static final java.lang.String codeToString(byte[] code,
                                                      ConstantPool constant_pool,
                                                      int index,
                                                      int length)

### codeToString

    public static final java.lang.String codeToString(ByteSequence bytes,
                                                      ConstantPool constant_pool,
                                                      boolean verbose)
                                               throws java.io.IOException

  Disassemble a stream of byte codes and return the string representation.

  Parameters:
    `bytes` - stream of bytes
    `constant_pool` - Array of constants
    `verbose` - be verbose, e.g. print constant pool index
  Returns:
    String representation of byte code
    `java.io.IOException`

### codeToString

    public static final java.lang.String codeToString(ByteSequence bytes,
                                                      ConstantPool constant_pool)
                                               throws java.io.IOException

    `java.io.IOException`

### compactClassName

    public static final java.lang.String compactClassName(java.lang.String str)

  Shorten long class names, java/lang/String becomes String.

  Parameters:
    `str` - The long class name
  Returns:
    Compacted class name

### compactClassName

    public static final java.lang.String compactClassName(java.lang.String str,
                                                          java.lang.String prefix,
                                                          boolean chopit)

  Shorten long class name str, i.e., chop off the prefix, if the class name starts with this string and the flag chopit is true. Slashes / are converted to dots ..

  Parameters:
    `str` - The long class name
    `prefix` - The prefix the get rid off
    `chopit` - Flag that determines whether chopping is executed or not
  Returns:
    Compacted class name

### compactClassName

    public static final java.lang.String compactClassName(java.lang.String str,
                                                          boolean chopit)

  Shorten long class names, java/lang/String becomes java.lang.String, e.g.. If chopit is true the prefix java.lang is also removed.

  Parameters:
    `str` - The long class name
    `chopit` - Flag that determines whether chopping is executed or not
  Returns:
    Compacted class name

### setBit

    public static final int setBit(int flag,
                                   int i)

  Returns:
    `flag' with bit `i' set to 1

### clearBit

    public static final int clearBit(int flag,
                                     int i)

  Returns:
    `flag' with bit `i' set to 0

### isSet

    public static final boolean isSet(int flag,
                                      int i)

  Returns:
    true, if bit `i' in `flag' is set

### methodTypeToSignature

    public static final java.lang.String methodTypeToSignature(java.lang.String ret,
                                                               java.lang.String[] argv)
                                                        throws ClassFormatException

  Converts string containing the method return and argument types to a byte code method signature.

  Parameters:
    `ret` - Return type of method
    `argv` - Types of method arguments
  Returns:
    Byte code representation of method signature
    `ClassFormatException`

### methodSignatureArgumentTypes

    public static final java.lang.String[] methodSignatureArgumentTypes(java.lang.String signature)
                                                                 throws ClassFormatException

  Parameters:
    `signature` - Method signature
  Returns:
    Array of argument types
  Throws:
    `ClassFormatException`

### methodSignatureArgumentTypes

    public static final java.lang.String[] methodSignatureArgumentTypes(java.lang.String signature,
                                                                        boolean chopit)
                                                                 throws ClassFormatException

  Parameters:
    `signature` - Method signature
    `chopit` - Shorten class names ?
  Returns:
    Array of argument types
  Throws:
    `ClassFormatException`

### methodSignatureReturnType

    public static final java.lang.String methodSignatureReturnType(java.lang.String signature)
                                                            throws ClassFormatException

  Parameters:
    `signature` - Method signature
  Returns:
    return type of method
  Throws:
    `ClassFormatException`

### methodSignatureReturnType

    public static final java.lang.String methodSignatureReturnType(java.lang.String signature,
                                                                   boolean chopit)
                                                            throws ClassFormatException

  Parameters:
    `signature` - Method signature
    `chopit` - Shorten class names ?
  Returns:
    return type of method
  Throws:
    `ClassFormatException`

### methodSignatureToString

    public static final java.lang.String methodSignatureToString(java.lang.String signature,
                                                                 java.lang.String name,
                                                                 java.lang.String access)

  Converts method signature to string with all class names compacted.

  Parameters:
    `signature` - to convert
    `name` - of method
    `access` - flags of method
  Returns:
    Human readable signature

### methodSignatureToString

    public static final java.lang.String methodSignatureToString(java.lang.String signature,
                                                                 java.lang.String name,
                                                                 java.lang.String access,
                                                                 boolean chopit)

### methodSignatureToString

    public static final java.lang.String methodSignatureToString(java.lang.String signature,
                                                                 java.lang.String name,
                                                                 java.lang.String access,
                                                                 boolean chopit,
                                                                 LocalVariableTable vars)
                                                          throws ClassFormatException

  A returntype signature represents the return value from a method. It is a series of bytes in the following grammar: ::= | V The character V indicates that the method returns no value. Otherwise, the signature indicates the type of the return value. An argument signature represents an argument passed to a method: ::= A method signature represents the arguments that the method expects, and the value that it returns. ::= () ::= * This method converts such a string into a Java type declaration like `void main(String[])' and throws a `ClassFormatException' when the parsed type is invalid.

  Parameters:
    `signature` - Method signature
    `name` - Method name
    `access` - Method access rights
  Returns:
    Java type declaration
  Throws:
    `ClassFormatException`

### replace

    public static final java.lang.String replace(java.lang.String str,
                                                 java.lang.String old,
                                                 java.lang.String new_)

  Replace all occurences of old in str with new.

  Parameters:
    `str` - String to permute
    `old` - String to be replaced
  Returns:
    new String object

### signatureToString

    public static final java.lang.String signatureToString(java.lang.String signature)

  Converts signature to string with all class names compacted.

  Parameters:
    `signature` - to convert
  Returns:
    Human readable signature

### signatureToString

    public static final java.lang.String signatureToString(java.lang.String signature,
                                                           boolean chopit)

  The field signature represents the value of an argument to a function or the value of a variable. It is a series of bytes generated by the following grammar:

        ::=
             ::= ||
              ::= B|C|D|F|I|J|S|Z
            ::= L;
             ::= [

       The meaning of the base types is as follows:
       B byte signed byte
       C char character
       D double double precision IEEE float
       F float single precision IEEE float
       I int integer
       J long long integer
       L; ... an object of the given class
       S short signed short
       Z boolean true or false
       [ ... array

  This method converts this string into a Java type declaration such as `String[]' and throws a `ClassFormatException' when the parsed type is invalid.

  Parameters:
    `signature` - Class signature
    `chopit` - Flag that determines whether chopping is executed or not
  Returns:
    Java type declaration
  Throws:
    `ClassFormatException`

### getSignature

    public static java.lang.String getSignature(java.lang.String type)

  Parse Java type such as "char", or "java.lang.String[]" and return the signature in byte code format, e.g. "C" or "[Ljava/lang/String;" respectively.

  Parameters:
    `type` - Java type
  Returns:
    byte code signature

### typeOfMethodSignature

    public static final byte typeOfMethodSignature(java.lang.String signature)
                                            throws ClassFormatException

  Return type of method signature as a byte value as defined in Constants

  Parameters:
    `signature` - in format described above
  Returns:
    type of method signature
    `ClassFormatException`
  See Also:
    `Constants`

### typeOfSignature

    public static final byte typeOfSignature(java.lang.String signature)
                                      throws ClassFormatException

  Return type of signature as a byte value as defined in Constants

  Parameters:
    `signature` - in format described above
  Returns:
    type of signature
    `ClassFormatException`
  See Also:
    `Constants`

### searchOpcode

    public static short searchOpcode(java.lang.String name)

  Map opcode names to opcode numbers. E.g., return Constants.ALOAD for "aload"

### toHexString

    public static final java.lang.String toHexString(byte[] bytes)

  Convert bytes into hexidecimal string

  Returns:
    bytes as hexidecimal string, e.g. 00 FA 12 ...

### format

    public static final java.lang.String format(int i,
                                                int length,
                                                boolean left_justify,
                                                char fill)

  Return a string for an integer justified left or right and filled up with `fill' characters if necessary.

  Parameters:
    `i` - integer to format
    `length` - length of desired string
    `left_justify` - format left or right
    `fill` - fill character
  Returns:
    formatted int

### fillup

    public static final java.lang.String fillup(java.lang.String str,
                                                int length,
                                                boolean left_justify,
                                                char fill)

  Fillup char with up to length characters with char `fill' and justify it left or right.

  Parameters:
    `str` - string to format
    `length` - length of desired string
    `left_justify` - format left or right
    `fill` - fill character
  Returns:
    formatted string

### printArray

    public static final void printArray(java.io.PrintStream out,
                                        java.lang.Object[] obj)

### printArray

    public static final void printArray(java.io.PrintWriter out,
                                        java.lang.Object[] obj)

### printArray

    public static final java.lang.String printArray(java.lang.Object[] obj)

### printArray

    public static final java.lang.String printArray(java.lang.Object[] obj,
                                                    boolean braces)

### printArray

    public static final java.lang.String printArray(java.lang.Object[] obj,
                                                    boolean braces,
                                                    boolean quote)

### isJavaIdentifierPart

    public static boolean isJavaIdentifierPart(char ch)

  Returns:
    true, if character is one of (a, ... z, A, ... Z, 0, ... 9, _)

### encode

    public static java.lang.String encode(byte[] bytes,
                                          boolean compress)
                                   throws java.io.IOException

  Encode byte array it into Java identifier string, i.e., a string that only contains the following characters: (a, ... z, A, ... Z, 0, ... 9, _, $). The encoding algorithm itself is not too clever: if the current byte's ASCII value already is a valid Java identifier part, leave it as it is. Otherwise it writes the escape character($) followed by

  - the ASCII value as a hexadecimal string, if the value is not in the range 200..247
  - a Java identifier char not used in a lowercase hexadecimal string, if the value is in the range 200..247

  This operation inflates the original byte array by roughly 40-50%

  Parameters:
    `bytes` - the byte array to convert
    `compress` - use gzip to minimize string
    `java.io.IOException`

### decode

    public static byte[] decode(java.lang.String s,
                                boolean uncompress)
                         throws java.io.IOException

  Decode a string back to a byte array.

  Parameters:
    `uncompress` - use gzip to uncompress the stream of bytes
    `java.io.IOException`

### convertString

    public static final java.lang.String convertString(java.lang.String label)

  Escape all occurences of newline chars '\n', quotes \", etc.

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