m.u2ll(1)	       Grass User's Manual		m.u2ll(1)



NNAAMMEE
       mm..uu22llll	-  Converts  Universal	Transverse Mercator (UTM)
       coordinates  to	geographic  (latitude/longitude)  coordi-
       nates.
       _(_G_R_A_S_S _D_a_t_a _I_m_p_o_r_t_/_P_r_o_c_e_s_s_i_n_g _P_r_o_g_r_a_m_)

SSYYNNOOPPSSIISS
       mm..uu22llll
       mm..uu22llll hheellpp
       mm..uu22llll  [--ssrrwwoodd]  sspphheerrooiidd==_n_a_m_e	[zzoonnee==_v_a_l_u_e] [iinnppuutt==_n_a_m_e]
       [oouuttppuutt==_n_a_m_e]

DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN
       _m_._u_2_l_l converts Universal Transverse Mercator  (UTM)  nor-
       things and eastings to geographic coordinates (i.e., lati-
       tudes and longitudes).  The  user  must	specify  the  UTM
       coordinates  to be converted and the spheroid on which the
       geographic coordinates will be based.   The  program  also
       needs  to know the UTM zone in which the input coordinates
       are located.  However, if the user is running GRASS from a
       UTM  data  base LOCATION, _m_._u_2_l_l will use this data base's
       UTM zone designation, if no zone is specified by the user.


       The  GRASS  program _m_._l_l_2_u performs the reverse operation,
       converting geographic coordinates to UTM coordinates.


       The list of spheroids available is somewhat  dynamic.   At
       the  time  of  this release, available spheroids included:
       airy, australian, bessel, clark66,  everest,  grs80,  hay-
       ford,  international,  krasovsky,  wgs66, wgs72, and wgs84
       (see table below).


       This command can be run either non-interactively or inter-
       actively.   The user can run the program non-interactively
       by entering desired flag settings and parameter values  on
       the command line using the following format:


       mm..uu22llll  [--ssrrwwoodd]  sspphheerrooiidd==_n_a_m_e	[zzoonnee==_v_a_l_u_e] [iinnppuutt==_n_a_m_e]
       [oouuttppuutt==_n_a_m_e]





       Alternately, the user can simply type:


       mm..uu22llll



       on the command line.  In  this  case,  the  user  will  be
       prompted  for  parameter  values and flag settings through
       the standard interface described in the manual  entry  for
       _p_a_r_s_e_r.


       Input  can  be  entered from the keyboard or from an input
       file.  In either case, input should be  entered	with  one
       UTM  easting  and  northing  pair  per line, in the format
       shown below:


       easting northing easting northing easting northing easting
       northing end



       If the user sets the -r flag, _m_._u_2_l_l will expect the order
       of the coordinates to be reversed, and stated as northing,
       easting	pairs,	rather	than  as easting, northing pairs.
       This is useful  for  passing  ASCII  GRASS  vector  (_/_d_i_g)
       files,  whose  coordinates are stated as northing, easting
       pairs, directly through _m_._u_2_l_l.


       Similarly, the user can elect to send output to an  output
       file or (by default) to standard output (the user's termi-
       nal screen).  Example input and	output	are  shown  below
       (see EXAMPLE).


       Program	flag  settings	and parameters have the following
       meanings.



   FFllaaggss::
       --ss     Specified UTM zone is in the southern hemisphere.

       --rr     The order of coordinates is reversed in the  input,
	      and  entered  as:   _n_o_r_t_h _e_a_s_t.  This option allows
	      the user to  pass  an  ascii  vector  file  through
	      _m_._u_2_l_l.

       --ww     Do  not  flag  invalid  east,  north input lines as
	      errors.

       --oo     Flag other invalid input lines as errors.

       --dd     Output   latitude/longitude   values   in   decimal
	      degrees, rather than in the form _d_d_:_m_m_:_s_s.




   PPaarraammeetteerrss::
       sspphheerrooiidd==_n_a_m_e
	      Reference spheroid (ellipsoid).
	      Options:	 airy, australian, bessel, clark66, ever-
	      est,  grs80,  hayford,  international,   krasovsky,
	      wgs66, wgs72, wgs84

       zzoonnee==_v_a_l_u_e
	      UTM zone in which UTM coordinates are located.
	      Options:	1-60

       iinnppuutt==_n_a_m_e
	      Name of input file containing UTM values to be con-
	      verted.

       oouuttppuutt==_n_a_m_e
	      Name to be assigned to output file containing  lon-
	      gitude and latitude values.





       AAVVAAIILLAABBLLEE SSPPHHEERROOIIDDSS
       (The on-line listing includes only the spheroid names.)

       (The  on-line  listing  includes only the spheroid names.)
       |
       Spheroid:      |   Semi-major axis   |  Eccentricity  sqrd
       (e),| Commonly used for:
		      |  (Equatorial  Radius)  |  Flattening (f),
       |
		      |    (a): 	     |	or  Polar  Radius
       (b):  |
       ---------------+---------------------+-----------------------+-------------
	airy	       |   a=6377563.396	 |   e=.006670540
       |
	australian	 |   a=6378160		   |   f=1/298.25
       | Australia
	bessel	       |   a=6377397.155	 |   e=.006674372
       | Japan
	clark66 	|   a=6378206.4 	  |   b=6356583.8
       | N. America
	everest        |  a=6377276.345 	|   e=.0066378466
       | India, Burma
	grs80		|   a=6378137		  |   f=1/298.257
       |
	hayford 	 |    a=6378388 	     |	  f=1/297
       |
	international	 |    a=6378388 	     |	  f=1/297
       | Europe
	krasovsky	|   a=6378245		   |	f=1/298.3
       |
	wgs66		 |   a=6378145		   |   f=1/298.25
       | worldwide coverage
	wgs72		|   a=6378135		  |    f=1/298.26
       | worldwide coverage
	wgs84	       |  a=6378137	      | f=1/298.257223563
       | worldwide coverage



EEXXAAMMPPLLEE
       Assume the user has input the command:


       mm..uu22llll  --ss  sspphheerrooiidd==_w_g_s_7_2  zzoonnee==_4  iinnppuutt==_u_t_m_._i_n_f_i_l_e  oouutt--
       ppuutt==_l_l_._o_u_t_f_i_l_e



       where  the  input  file	_u_t_m_._i_n_f_i_l_e contains the following
       easting and northing UTM coordinate values and zone desig-
       nations:

	    237740.85 2167292.10
	    238740.00 2167000.00
	    239000.00 2167100.00
	    237100.00 2166000.00
	    end

       Output  would  then be sent to the output file _l_l_._o_u_t_f_i_l_e,
       containing the below  longitude	and  latitude  coordinate
       values:

	    166:02:25.645137W	70:27:46.615528S
	    166:00:53.237056W	70:27:59.692673S
	    166:00:27.23258W	70:27:57.454281S
	    166:03:41.428895W	70:28:25.61617S
	    end


NNOOTTEESS
       Users can add information to the ellipsoid parameter defi-
       nition  file  on   their   systems   (located   in   $GIS-
       BASE/etc/ellipse.table)	to  add  spheroids  not now among
       those supported by GRASS.


       See _m_._l_l_2_u for a brief discussion of spheroids.


       The UTM zone designation determines on what  area  of  the
       earth  a point is found.  The same UTM coordinates will be
       found in each different UTM zone.  Look at the  marginalia
       of  your  source map to determine into which UTM zone your
       UTM coordinates fall.  Although the user  can  permissibly
       omit specification of a UTM zone when running this program
       under a UTM data base LOCATION, it is safer to specify  it
       (see DESCRIPTION, above).


       _m_._u_2_l_l converts the first pair of coordinates on each line
       of input and leaves anything else on the line alone.  If a
       line begins:


       xxxxxx.xx xxxxxxx.xx



       then  the xxxxxx.xx xxxxxxx.xx UTM coordinate pair is con-
       verted to a longitude, latitude pair.  Any other  informa-
       tion  appearing	on  the  line is left alone.  If the line
       doesn't begin with a pair of coordinates in the above for-
       mat, then the line is left as it is.

FFIILLEESS
       See   ellipsoid	 parameter   definition   file	in  $GIS-
       BASE/etc/ellipse.table.

SSEEEE AALLSSOO
       For australian, clark66,  grs80,  hayford,  international,
       krasovsky, and wgs72 ellipsoid parameters, see:
       John P. Snyder, _M_a_p _P_r_o_j_e_c_t_i_o_n_s _- _A  _W_o_r_k_i_n_g  _M_a_n_u_a_l, U.S.
       Government Printing Office,  Washington	DC,  1989.   U.S.
       Geological  Survey Professional Paper 1395;  from Table 1,
       p.12.


       For bessel, airy, everest, and wgs66  ellipsoid	parameter
       values, see:
       Thomas  O.  Seppelin,  _T_h_e   _D_e_p_a_r_t_m_e_n_t	 _o_f _D_e_f_e_n_s_e _W_o_r_l_d
       _G_e_o_d_e_t_i_c _S_y_s_t_e_m _1_9_7_2, presented at the International  Sym-
       posium  on  Problems  Related to the Redefinition of North
       American Geodetic Networks,  Fredericton,  New  Brunswick,
       Canada in May, 1974;  see Table 9, p.35.


       For wgs84 parameter values, see:
       U.S. Naval Oceanographic Labs.


       Also read GRASS User's Reference Manual entries for:
       _d_._l_a_b_e_l

       _d_._p_o_i_n_t_s

       _d_._s_i_t_e_s

       _d_._w_h_e_r_e

       _m_._d_a_t_u_m_._s_h_i_f_t

       _m_._g_c_2_l_l

       _m_._l_l_2_g_c

       _m_._l_l_2_u

       _p_a_r_s_e_r

AAUUTTHHOORR
       Michael	 Shapiro,   U.S.Army   Construction   Engineering
       Research Laboratory

       _L_a_s_t _c_h_a_n_g_e_d_: _$_D_a_t_e_: _2_0_0_2_/_0_1_/_2_5 _0_5_:_4_5_:_3_3 _$



GRASS 5.0						m.u2ll(1)
