# FreeBSD Handbook

### The FreeBSD Documentation Project

Copyright © 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 The FreeBSD Documentation Project

Welcome to FreeBSD! This handbook covers the installation and day to day use of FreeBSD 7.3-RELEASE and FreeBSD 8.1-RELEASE. This manual is a work in progress and is the work of many individuals. As such, some sections may become dated and require updating. If you are interested in helping out with this project, send email to the FreeBSD documentation project mailing list. The latest version of this document is always available from the FreeBSD web site (previous versions of this handbook can be obtained from http://docs.FreeBSD.org/doc/). It may also be downloaded in a variety of formats and compression options from the FreeBSD FTP server or one of the numerous mirror sites. If you would prefer to have a hard copy of the handbook, you can purchase one at the FreeBSD Mall. You may also want to search the handbook.

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List of Tables
2-1. Sample Device Inventory
2-2. Partition Layout for First Disk
2-3. Partition Layout for Subsequent Disks
2-4. FreeBSD 7.`X` and 8.`X` ISO Image Names and Meanings
3-1. Disk Device Codes
18-1. Physical Disk Naming Conventions
21-1. Vinum Plex Organizations
26-1. DB-25 to DB-25 Null-Modem Cable
26-2. DB-9 to DB-9 Null-Modem Cable
26-3. DB-9 to DB-25 Null-Modem Cable
26-4. Signal Names
31-1. Wiring a Parallel Cable for Networking
31-2. Reserved IPv6 addresses

List of Figures
2-1. FreeBSD Boot Loader Menu
2-2. Typical Device Probe Results
2-3. Selecting Country Menu
2-4. Selecting Keyboard Menu
2-5. Select Sysinstall Exit
2-6. Selecting Usage from Sysinstall Main Menu
2-7. Selecting Documentation Menu
2-8. Sysinstall Documentation Menu
2-9. Sysinstall Main Menu
2-10. Sysinstall Keymap Menu
2-11. Sysinstall Main Menu
2-12. Sysinstall Options
2-13. Begin Standard Installation
2-14. Select Drive for FDisk
2-15. Typical Fdisk Partitions before Editing
2-16. Fdisk Partition Using Entire Disk
2-17. Sysinstall Boot Manager Menu
2-18. Exit Select Drive
2-19. Sysinstall Disklabel Editor
2-20. Sysinstall Disklabel Editor with Auto Defaults
2-21. Free Space for Root Partition
2-22. Edit Root Partition Size
2-23. Choose the Root Partition Type
2-24. Choose the Root Mount Point
2-25. Sysinstall Disklabel Editor
2-26. Choose Distributions
2-27. Confirm Distributions
2-28. Choose Installation Media
2-29. Selecting an Ethernet Device
2-30. Set Network Configuration for ed0
2-31. Editing `inetd.conf`
2-32. Default Anonymous FTP Configuration
2-33. Edit the FTP Welcome Message
2-34. Editing `exports`
2-35. System Console Configuration Options
2-36. Screen Saver Options
2-37. Screen Saver Timeout
2-38. System Console Configuration Exit
2-39. Select Your Region
2-40. Select Your Country
2-41. Select Your Time Zone
2-42. Select Mouse Protocol Type
2-43. Set Mouse Protocol
2-44. Configure Mouse Port
2-45. Setting the Mouse Port
2-46. Enable the Mouse Daemon
2-47. Test the Mouse Daemon
2-48. Select Package Category
2-49. Select Packages
2-50. Install Packages
2-51. Confirm Package Installation
2-52. Select User
2-53. Add User Information
2-54. Exit User and Group Management
2-55. Exit Install
2-56. Network Configuration Upper-level
2-57. Select a default MTA
2-58. Ntpdate Configuration
2-59. Network Configuration Lower-level
21-1. Concatenated Organization
21-2. Striped Organization
21-3. RAID-5 Organization
21-4. A Simple Vinum Volume
21-5. A Mirrored Vinum Volume
21-6. A Striped Vinum Volume
21-7. A Mirrored, Striped Vinum Volume

List of Examples
2-1. Using an Existing Partition Unchanged
2-2. Shrinking an Existing Partition
3-1. Sample Disk, Slice, and Partition Names
3-2. Conceptual Model of a Disk
4-1. Downloading a Package Manually and Installing It Locally
11-1. Creating a Swapfile on FreeBSD
12-1. `boot0` Screenshot
12-2. `boot2` Screenshot
12-3. An Insecure Console in `/etc/ttys`
13-1. Adding a user on FreeBSD
13-2. `rmuser` Interactive Account Removal
13-3. Interactive `chpass` by Superuser
13-4. Interactive `chpass` by Normal User
13-5. Changing Your Password
13-6. Changing Another User's Password as the Superuser
13-7. Adding a Group Using pw(8)
13-8. Setting the List of Members of a Group Using pw(8)
13-9. Adding a New Member to a Group Using pw(8)
13-10. Using id(1) to Determine Group Membership
14-1. Using SSH to Create a Secure Tunnel for SMTP
18-1. Using `dump` over ssh
18-2. Using `dump` over ssh with `RSH` set
18-3. Using `mdconfig` to Mount an Existing File System Image
18-4. Creating a New File-Backed Disk with `mdconfig`
18-5. Configure and Mount a File-Backed Disk with `mdmfs`
18-6. Creating a New Memory-Based Disk with `mdconfig`
18-7. Creating a New Memory-Based Disk with `mdmfs`
19-1. Labeling Partitions on the Boot Disk
26-1. Adding Terminal Entries to `/etc/ttys`
28-1. Configuring the sendmail Access Database
28-2. Mail Aliases
28-3. Example Virtual Domain Mail Map
29-1. Reloading the inetd configuration file
29-2. Mounting an Export with amd
29-3. Installing Django with Apache2, mod_python3, and PostgreSQL
29-4. Apache Configuration for Django/mod_python
31-1. LACP aggregation with a Cisco® Switch
31-2. Failover mode
31-3. Failover mode between wired and wireless interfaces
31-4. Branch Office or Home Network
31-5. Head Office or Other LAN
A-1. Checking Out Something from -CURRENT (ls(1)):
A-2. Using SSH to check out the `src/` tree:
A-3. Checking Out the Version of ls(1) in the 6-STABLE Branch:
A-4. Creating a List of Changes (as Unified Diffs) to ls(1)
A-5. Finding Out What Other Module Names Can Be Used:

|  | Next
|  | Preface

This, and other documents, can be downloaded from ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/doc/.

For questions about FreeBSD, read the documentation before contacting <questions@FreeBSD.org>.
For questions about this documentation, e-mail <doc@FreeBSD.org>.