splineDesign {splines} | R Documentation

## Design Matrix for B-splines

### Description

Evaluate the design matrix for the B-splines defined by `knots` at the values in `x`.

### Usage

    splineDesign(knots, x, ord = 4, derivs, outer.ok = FALSE)
    spline.des(knots, x, ord = 4, derivs, outer.ok = FALSE)

### Arguments

`knots` | a numeric vector of knot positions with non-decreasing values.
`x` | a numeric vector of values at which to evaluate the B-spline functions or derivatives. Unless `outer.ok` is truee, the values in `x` must be between `knots[ord]` and `knots[ length(knots) + 1 - ord ]`.
`ord` | a positive integer giving the order of the spline function. This is the number of coefficients in each piecewise polynomial segment, thus a cubic spline has order 4. Defaults to 4.
`derivs` | an integer vector of the same length as `x` and with values between `0` and `ord - 1`. The derivative of the given order is evaluated at the `x` positions. Defaults to a vector of zeroes of the same length as `x`.
`outer.ok` | logical indicating if `x` should be allowed outside the inner knots, see the `x` argument.

### Value

A matrix with `length( x )` rows and `length( knots ) - ord` columns. The i'th row of the matrix contains the coefficients of the B-splines (or the indicated derivative of the B-splines) defined by the `knot` vector and evaluated at the i'th value of `x`. Each B-spline is defined by a set of `ord` successive knots so the total number of B-splines is `length(knots)-ord`.

### Note

The older `spline.des` function takes the same arguments but returns a list with several components including `knots`, `ord`, `derivs`, and `design`. The `design` component is the same as the value of the `splineDesign` function.

### Author(s)

Douglas Bates and Bill Venables

### Examples

    splineDesign(knots = 1:10, x = 4:7)

    knots <- c(1,1.8,3:5,6.5,7,8.1,9.2,10)# 10 => 10-4 = 6 Basis splines
    x <- seq(min(knots)-1, max(knots)+1, length=501)
    bb <- splineDesign(knots, x=x, outer.ok = TRUE)

    plot(range(x), c(0,1), type="n", xlab="x", ylab="",
         main= "B-splines - sum to 1 inside inner knots")
    mtext(expression(B[j](x) *"  and "* sum(B[j](x), j==1, 6)), adj=0)
    abline(v=knots, lty=3, col="light gray")
    abline(v=knots[c(4,length(knots)-3)], lty=3, col="gray10")
    lines(x, rowSums(bb), col="gray", lwd=2)
    matlines(x, bb, ylim = c(0,1), lty=1)

[Package splines version 2.3.1 Index]